e Coralligène SE Marinbiologie - Entwicklungsbiologie SS 18 Reindl Simone
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1 e Coralligène SE Marinbiologie - Entwicklungsbiologie SS 18 Reindl Simone
2 Outlook Introduction Meaning of Coralligène De nition and Location of Coralligène Structure Forms Building and building Agents Ecological Interaction Dangers
3 Introduction What means Coralligène?
4 Introduction What means Coralligène? Obviously -> Corals -> Corallium rubrum also means coral producer Early marine science methods like dragnet or bo om drag hauled them up from circalitoral depths as well as coralline algae. Corallium rubrum Caves, crevices and rock prominences were left unsampled. New equipment: scuba diving -> be er sampling
5 Introduction What means Coralligène? Obviously -> Corals -> Corallium rubrum also means coral producer Early marine science methods like dragnet or bo om drag hauled them up from circalitoral depths as well as coralline algae. Corallium rubrum Caves, crevices and rock prominences were left unsampled. New equipment: scuba diving -> be er sampling Main building agent: Red algae from the family of Corallinaceae Similar name -> Coralligène retained Corallina pinnatifolia
6 What is Coralligène? - Fecies, which builds extended bioconstructions on circalitoral rocky substrate - below thermocline and halocline
7 What is Coralligène? 0m Supralitoral Eulitoral High water level ~35-40m Infralitoral (=upper Sublitoral) Précoralligène Low water level Coralligène Circalitoral (=lower Sublitoral) 100m Bathyal In Imitation of Hofrichter (2002)
8 Structure Two forms of Coralligène: Coralligène on rocks Platform Coralligène
9 Structure but rstly: e Precoralligène - mostly build of Halimeda tuna and Peyssonnelia squamaria - transition zone to Infralitoral -> tidal zone - less light intensity than in the algae phytal (Infralitoral) - more calm water movement Halimeda tuna Peyssonnelia squamaria
10 Structure 1) Development and building agents of Coralligène on rocks: - coralline red algae (Corallinaceae) and green algae se le on rocks - some die -> calci cation -> new se lement of algae - musselshells, crustaceaen shells -> more calc. - within dead algae -> drilling animals, other endobionts -> Bioerosion In Imitation of Hofrichter (2002) In a healthy ecosystem an equilibrium between building and degradation is maintained!
11 Structure 1) Coralligène on rocks: - in deeper depths, shadowy steep faces, crevices and under overhangs - layers cm-dm thick Various layers according to fecies: High layer - Gorgonians (horny corals), erectly grown porifera, epizoic animals Paramuricea clavata Middle layer - erectly grown coralline red algae, Bryozoa colonies, Polychaets, Echinodermata Eunicella sp. living crust layer - Corallinaceae Hermodice carunculata dead crust layer - dead Corallinaceae, drilling animals, Endobionta Arbacia lixula
12 Structure 2) Development and building agents of Platform Coralligène: - coralline red algae (Corallinaceae) se le on originally mobile sediment - small detritus particles will be enclosed -> alli - alli grow together -> Plaques - leaf like concentric structures are formed In Imitation of Hofrichter (2002) - Order of layers and species composition are the same as in Coralligène on rocks
13 Ecological Interactions Scorpaena scrofa - biggest biomass: algae and suspension feeders -> close relationship to Pelagial -> dependant on currents and primary production in Pelagial - Bioerosion: Sea urchins -> pasturing on Corallinaceae - shes, bigger carnivores: use of cavity in Coralligène as hiding place Muraena helena
14 Ecological Interactions - Epibiosis: overgrowing - Commensalism: only one bene ts + Polychaets Halocynthia papillosa Microcosmus sabatieri Parazoanthus axoniella Cliona viridis - Mutualism: bene ts on both sides - Parasitism: one bene ts, one has disadvantage + Jelly sh Cacaspongia sp.
15 Dangers - Global warming -> physiological stress - Pollution of sea water -> less light intensity in depths -> light is limitating factor for growth and oxygen supply - Orthophosphate and CO 2 inhibit building of calci ed structures -> disintegration of coralligene structures
16 ank you!
17 Sources h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/halimeda_tuna.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/amp_capo_gallo_030_peyssonnelia_squamaria.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/corallium_rubrum.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/un_ver_de_la_famille_des_bonelliidae.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/prothiostomid_sp.3.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/hexaplex_trunculus.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ /Fangtooth_moray.jpg By Andrew Butko, CC BY-SA 3.0, h ps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid= h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/haeckel_bryozoa.jpg h ps://pxhere.com/de/photo/ Von Wolljuergen - Selbst fotogra ert, CC BY-SA 3.0, h ps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid= h ps://pxhere.com/de/photo/ h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/arbacia_lixula_(oursin_noir).jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/astrospartus_mediterraneus.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/antedon_mediterranea_%28lamarck%2c_1816%29.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/halocynthia_papillosa.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/gro%c3%9fer_roter_drachenkopf_%28scorpaena_scrofa%29_zoo_vienna_01.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/cystoseira_0004.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/eunicella.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/paramuricea_clavata_%28risso%2c_1826%29.jpg h ps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/korsika#/media/file:korsika-satelite.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/corallinapinnatifolia.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/protula_tubularia_01.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/microcosmus_sabatieri_1_roule%2c_1885.jpg h ps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file:cacospongia_038.jpg h ps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/cliona_viridis_%28schmidt%2c_1862%29_2.jpg h ps://pxhere.com/de/photo/ Hofrichter, R.: Das Mi elmeer. Fauna, Flora, Ökologie. Spektrum Akad. Verl., Heidelberg. (Hrsg.) (2002) O, J.: Meereskunde: Ein ührung in die Geographie und Biologie der Ozeane. 2. Au., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stu gart (1996) Ballesteros, E. (2003): e coralligenous in the Mediterranean Sea De nition of the coralligenous assemblage in the Mediterranean, its main builders, its richness and key role in benthic ecology as well as its threats. RAC-SPA, SAP Bio Protocol (2003)
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