Today: Basic regional framework. Western U.S. setting Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) 1992 Landers EQ 1999 Hector Mine EQ Fault structure
|
|
- Christina Clark
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Today: Basic regional framework Western U.S. setting Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) 1992 Landers EQ 1999 Hector Mine EQ Fault structure 1
2 2
3 Mojave and Southern Basin and Range - distribution of strike-slip faults (bold lines), vertical axis rotation data (curved arrows), and extensional offsets (straight arrows). McQuarrie N, and Wernicke B P Geosphere 2005;1: by Geological Society of America 3
4 TRANSVERSE RANGES Mountains, valleys, and geologic structures lie east-west or transverse to prevailingly northwest-trending grain of So Cal. Collectively referred to as the Transverse Ranges, it consists of several discrete mountain ranges and intervening valleys, including: - The Santa Ynez and Topatopa Mountains - Oak Ridge and the Santa Susanna Mountains - Santa Clara and Simi Valleys - Santa Monica Mountains - San Gabriel Mountains - San Bernardino Mountains - Little San Bernardino Mountains - Pinto Mountains - Eagle and Cottonwood Mountains Causes of uplift (internally consistent) - Change in trend of the SAF (the big bend) - Clockwise rotation - Incipient subduction of continental lithosphere (a drip)? FROM GEOLOGIC TO GEODETIC TIME SCALES 4
5 Interseismic displacement across our plate boundary Inferred slip rate, Meade & Hager Note: Garlock Fault is not cut, just bent Diffuse deformation Brian Wernicke & colleagues Pacific-N. America relative motion not just the San Andreas Fault! SAF ~ 60% of 5.6 cm/yr PA-NAM motion 5
6 Tape et al., GJI, 2009 Mojave Block ECSZ geodetically inferred slip rate: ~ 1cm/yr 6
7 Landers Aftershocks" Hector Aftershocks" Landers EQ Surface deformation from InSAR. A,B: LOS component CD: Horizontal component E: Vertical component F: Horizontal magnitude and direction 7
8 Leprince et al.,
9 9
10 Landers: Inferred subsurface distribution of slip: Note max slip not at surface An apparent coseismic shallow slip deficit. Model artifact/error? Real? Simons et al., 2002 Fialko et al., 2005 Role of diffuse damage at shallow depths? 10
11 Landers Aftershocks" Hector Aftershocks" Hector Mine EQ 11
12 Hector Mine EQ A nearly complete reconstruction of the 3D coseismic displacement field Fialko et al., 2001 Faults of the eastern California shear zone in the Mojave desert of southern California (from Jennings, 1975). The 1992 Landers earthquake rupture is indicated in thick, grayed line. Trench sites are shown as black dots Rockwell et al. (2000) 12
13 Moment release over time for western Mojave faults. Moment scales to the area under the curve, which are probability density functions that represent the error in age assessment of each event. The uppermost black curve (Sum) is the sum of moments for all events. L&OWSF, Lenwood and Old Woman Springs fault; HF, Helendale fault; njvf, northern Johnson Valley fault; sjvf & KF, southern Johnson Valley and Kickapoo faults; HVF, Homestead Valley fault; nemerson F and semerson F, the northern and southern Emerson faults, respectively; and CRF, Camp Rock Fault. Rockwell et al., BSSA, 2000 After removal of model of surface displacements due to main rupture, find small residual strains on multiple subparallel faults in the Mojave implying strong strength contrasts Fialko (2004) 13
14 Li et al.,
15 Some Potential Questions For Us Can we detect the fault at depth where it is visible on the surface? Can we detect the fault near the surface where no clear coseismic offsets? How deep can we detect it / should we be sensitive to it? Can we detect splay faults? Can we detect fault zones of finite width? Can we detect subsurface offset features by comparing fault parallel structure? Homework Read, Summarize & Synthesize (4 pages or less, double spaced, 12 pt font, 1 inch margins) Due Tuesday, January 21 at the beginning of class Sieh et al., Near-Field Investigations of the Landers Earthquake Sequence, April to July 1992, Science, 260, No (Apr. 9, 1993), pp Fialko, Probing the mechanical properties of seismically active crust with space geodesy: Study of the co-seismic deformation due to the 1992 Mw7.3 Landers (southern California) earthquake, JGR, 109, B03307, doi: /2003JB002756, 2004 McGill, S. F., and C. M. Rubin (1999), Surficial slip distribution on the central Emerson fault during the June 28, 1992, Landers earthquake, California, JGR., 104, , doi: /98jb Rockwell et al., 2000, Paleoseismology of the Johnson Valley, Kickapoo, and Homestead Valley faults: Clustering of earthquakes in the Eastern California shear zone: BSSA, v. 90, p , doi: /
to: Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San
Supplementary material to: Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas fault system by Yuri Fialko Methods The San Bernardino-Coachella Valley segment of the
More informationKinematics of the Southern California Fault System Constrained by GPS Measurements
Title Page Kinematics of the Southern California Fault System Constrained by GPS Measurements Brendan Meade and Bradford Hager Three basic questions Large historical earthquakes One basic question How
More informationJack Loveless Department of Geosciences Smith College
Geodetic constraints on fault interactions and stressing rates in southern California Jack Loveless Department of Geosciences Smith College jloveless@smith.edu Brendan Meade Department of Earth & Planetary
More informationRegional Geodesy. Shimon Wdowinski. MARGINS-RCL Workshop Lithospheric Rupture in the Gulf of California Salton Trough Region. University of Miami
MARGINS-RCL Workshop Lithospheric Rupture in the Gulf of California Salton Trough Region Regional Geodesy Shimon Wdowinski University of Miami Rowena Lohman, Kim Outerbridge, Tom Rockwell, and Gina Schmalze
More informationLab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009
Name: Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009 Objective: Students will be introduced to the theory of plate tectonics and different styles of plate margins and interactions. Introduction The planet can be
More informationGeodesy (InSAR, GPS, Gravity) and Big Earthquakes
Geodesy (InSAR, GPS, Gravity) and Big Earthquakes Mathew Pritchard Teh-Ru A. Song Yuri Fialko Luis Rivera Mark Simons UJNR Earthquake Research Panel, Morioka, Japan - Nov 6, 2002 Goals Accurate and high
More informationStress modulation on the San Andreas fault by interseismic fault system interactions Jack Loveless and Brendan Meade, Geology, 2011
Stress modulation on the San Andreas fault by interseismic fault system interactions Jack Loveless and Brendan Meade, Geology, 2011 A three step process: 1 - Assimilate plate boundary wide GPS data into
More informationLearning Objectives (LO) What we ll learn today:!
Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 13: Mountain Building Read: Chapter 10 Homework #11 due Tuesday 12pm What we ll learn today:! 1. Define the types of stress that are present in the crust! 2. Define the
More informationLearning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:!
Learning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:! 1. List the three types of tectonic plate boundaries! 2. Describe the processes occurring
More informationMAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes
1 MAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes Figure 5.0 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust from magma that is upwelled into a pair of spreading centers. Pairs
More informationState of Stress from Focal Mechanisms Before and After the 1992 Landers Earthquake Sequence
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 84, No. 3, pp. 917-934, June 1994 State of Stress from Focal Mechanisms Before and After the 1992 Landers Earthquake Sequence by Egill Hauksson Abstract
More informationThe Earthquake Cycle Chapter :: n/a
The Earthquake Cycle Chapter :: n/a A German seismogram of the 1906 SF EQ Image courtesy of San Francisco Public Library Stages of the Earthquake Cycle The Earthquake cycle is split into several distinct
More informationSlip rates and off-fault deformation in Southern California inferred from GPS data and models
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: SOLID EARTH, VOL. 8, 6 66, doi:./jgrb.6, Slip rates and off-fault deformation in Southern California inferred from GPS data and models K. M. Johnson Received 9 December
More informationThe 1992 Landers Earthquake Sequence: Seismological Observations
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSCAL RESEARCH, VOL. 98, NO. Bll, PAGES 19,835-19,858, NOVEMBER 1, 1993 The 1992 Landers Earthquake Sequence: Seismological Observations EGLL HAUKSSON, LUCLE M. JONES,2 KAlE HUTON,1 AND
More informationRegional deformation and kinematics from GPS data
Regional deformation and kinematics from GPS data Jessica Murray, Jerry Svarc, Elizabeth Hearn, and Wayne Thatcher U. S. Geological Survey Acknowledgements: Rob McCaffrey, Portland State University UCERF3
More informationSan Andreas Movie Can It Happen?
San Andreas Movie Can It Happen? Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 14: Faults and Quakes Read: Chapter 10 and 11 Homework #12 due Thursday 12pm What we ll learn today:! 1. Compare strike-slip to dip-slip
More informationCHAPTER 1 BASIC SEISMOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE TERMINOLGY. Earth Formation Plate Tectonics Sources of Earthquakes...
CHAPTER 1 BASIC SEISMOLOGY AND EARTHQUAKE TERMINOLGY Earth Formation... 1-2 Plate Tectonics... 1-2 Sources of Earthquakes... 1-3 Earth Faults... 1-4 Fault Creep... 1-5 California Faults... 1-6 Earthquake
More informationEarth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building
Earth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building 1) A(n) fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks. A) stick slip B) oblique slip C) strike slip D) dip slip 2) In a(n) fault,
More informationInitiation of the San Jacinto Fault and its Interaction with the San Andreas Fault: Insights from Geodynamic Modeling
Pure appl. geophys. (2007) DOI 10.1007/s00024-007-0262-z Ó Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2007 Pure and Applied Geophysics Initiation of the San Jacinto Fault and its Interaction with the San Andreas Fault:
More informationLab 9: Satellite Geodesy (35 points)
Lab 9: Satellite Geodesy (35 points) Here you will work with GPS Time Series data to explore plate motion and deformation in California. This lab modifies an exercise found here: http://www.unavco.org:8080/cws/pbonucleus/draftresources/sanandreas/
More informationElizabeth H. Hearn modified from W. Behr
Reconciling postseismic and interseismic surface deformation around strike-slip faults: Earthquake-cycle models with finite ruptures and viscous shear zones Elizabeth H. Hearn hearn.liz@gmail.com modified
More informationFar-reaching transient motions after Mojave earthquakes require broad mantle flow beneath a strong crust
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L19302, doi:10.1029/2007gl030959, 2007 Far-reaching transient motions after Mojave earthquakes require broad mantle flow beneath a strong
More informationEarthquakes Chapter 19
Earthquakes Chapter 19 Does not contain complete lecture notes. What is an earthquake An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Energy released radiates in all directions
More informationPlate Tectonics Unit II: Plate Boundaries (3.5 pts)
T. James Noyes, El Camino College Plate Tectonics Unit II: The Plate Boundaries (Topic 11A-2) page 1 Name: Section: Plate Tectonics Unit II: Plate Boundaries (3.5 pts) Plate Boundaries We will now discuss
More informationBasics of the modelling of the ground deformations produced by an earthquake. EO Summer School 2014 Frascati August 13 Pierre Briole
Basics of the modelling of the ground deformations produced by an earthquake EO Summer School 2014 Frascati August 13 Pierre Briole Content Earthquakes and faults Examples of SAR interferograms of earthquakes
More informationEarthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College
Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College What Is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth, produced by the rapid release of energy.
More informationEARTHQUAKE LOCATIONS INDICATE PLATE BOUNDARIES EARTHQUAKE MECHANISMS SHOW MOTION
6-1 6: EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISMS AND PLATE MOTIONS Hebgen Lake, Montana 1959 Ms 7.5 1 Stein & Wysession, 2003 Owens Valley, California 1872 Mw ~7.5 EARTHQUAKE LOCATIONS INDICATE PLATE BOUNDARIES EARTHQUAKE
More informationGPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 5: 2014 South Napa earthquake GPS strain analysis student exercise
GPS Strain & Earthquakes Unit 5: 2014 South Napa earthquake GPS strain analysis student exercise Strain Analysis Introduction Name: The earthquake cycle can be viewed as a process of slow strain accumulation
More informationSendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March
Sendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, 2011 Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March 14 2011 Earth has 11 large plates and many more smaller ones. Plates are 100-200 km thick
More informationBasin & Range / Mojave Desert
Basin & Range / Mojave Desert Basin & Range vs. Great Basin 1 2/20/2016 An overview of the last horst Basin and Range / Mojave Desert Summary: Granitic, volcanic, marine sedimentary, non marine sedimentary,
More informationANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017
ANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017 Why is there no oceanic crust older than 200 million years? SUBDUCTION If new oceanic crust is being continuously created along the earth
More informationEarthquakes. Building Earth s Surface, Part 2. Science 330 Summer What is an earthquake?
Earthquakes Building Earth s Surface, Part 2 Science 330 Summer 2005 What is an earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Energy released radiates in all
More informationEarthquakes Earth, 9th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts What is an earthquake? Earthquake focus and epicenter What is an earthquake?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Earthquakes Earth, 9 th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts Earthquake basics. "" and locating earthquakes.. Destruction resulting from earthquakes. Predicting earthquakes. Earthquakes
More informationPlate Tectonics - Demonstration
Name: Reference: Prof. Larry Braile - Educational Resources Copyright 2000. L. Braile. Permission granted for reproduction for non-commercial uses. http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/indexlinks/educ.htm
More informationPlate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth
Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth can be considered as being made up of a series of concentric spheres, each made up of materials that differ in terms of composition and mechanical properties.
More informationPower-law distribution of fault slip-rates in southern California
Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L23307, doi:10.1029/2007gl031454, 2007 Power-law distribution of fault slip-rates in southern California Brendan J. Meade 1 Received 31
More informationMAR110 LECTURE #6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots
17 September 2007 Lecture 6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots 1 MAR110 LECTURE #6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots Figure 6.1 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust
More informationActivity Pacific Northwest Tectonic Block Model
Activity Pacific Northwest Tectonic Block Model The Cascadia tectonic margin is caught between several tectonic forces, during the relentless motions of the giant Pacific Plate, the smaller subducting
More informationActive Tectonics. Earthquakes, Uplift, and Landscape. Edward A. Keller University of California, Santa Barbara
Prentice Hall Earth Science Series SUB Gottingen 214 80416X, im ^, 2002 A 7883 lllllllilwii Active Tectonics Earthquakes, Uplift, and Landscape Second Edition V Edward A. Keller University of California,
More informationMountains are then built by deforming crust: Deformation & Mountain Building. Mountains form where stresses are high!
Deformation & Mountain Building Where are mountains located? Deformation and Folding Mountain building Mountains form where stresses are high! Mountains form at all three types of plate boundaries where
More informationGeo736: Seismicity and California s Active Faults Introduction
Geo736: Seismicity and California s Active Faults Course Notes: S. G. Wesnousky Spring 2018 Introduction California sits on the boundary of the Pacific - North American plate boundary (Figure 1). Relative
More informationEarth s Tectonic Plates
MASTER 49 6.2 3.7 5.4 Philippine Pacific 5.4 North American Juan de Fuca Caribbean Cocos 10.0 9.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.8 3.0 Indian-Australian 10.5 7.1 17.2 16.8 6.0 Nazca South American 11.1 10.3 7.3 3.7 7.5
More informationDescription of faults
GLG310 Structural Geology Description of faults Horizontal stretch Crustal thickness Regional elevation Regional character Issues Normal Thrust/reverse Strike-slip >1 1 in one direction and < 1 in
More informationCrustal Boundaries. As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries they interact in various ways. Convergent Transform Divergent
Name: Date: Period: Plate Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonic plates are constantly moving and interacting As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries
More informationScience Starter. Describe in your own words what an Earthquake is and what causes it. Answer The MSL
Science Starter Describe in your own words what an Earthquake is and what causes it. Answer The MSL WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE AND HOW DO WE MEASURE THEM? Chapter 8, Section 8.1 & 8.2 Looking Back Deserts Wind-shaped
More information1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?
Notebook 7a and 7b Objective (left-side): Students will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to make predictions about plate interactions. Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener
More informationBEM Model of slip on the Channel Islands Thrust, CA
BEM Model of slip on the Channel Islands Thrust, CA Credit Where Credit is Due: Michele Cooke Michele Cooke UMass Amherst Has been training students/postdocs to work with and remesh the CFM since at least
More informationChapter 4 Section 3, 4. Deforming the Earth s Crust
Chapter 4 Section 3, 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust Deformation The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress Stress The amount of force per unit area on a given material Compression
More information} based on composition
Learning goals: Predict types of earthquakes that will happen at different plate boundaries based on relative plate motion vector vs. strike (vector subtraction) Understand interseismic and coseismic deformation,
More informationThree-dimensional models of elastostatic deformation in heterogeneous media, with applications to the Eastern California Shear Zone
Geophys. J. Int. (9) 79, 5 5 doi:./j.65-46x.9.494.x Three-dimensional models of elastostatic deformation in heterogeneous media, with applications to the Eastern California Shear Zone Sylvain Barbot, Yuri
More informationSeparating Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrological, and Landslide Signals in GPS Measurements near Lake Tahoe, Nevada-California
Separating Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrological, and Landslide Signals in GPS Measurements near Lake Tahoe, Nevada-California Geoffrey Blewitt, Corné Kreemer, William C. Hammond, & Hans-Peter Plag NV Geodetic
More informationAnalysis of Vertical Velocities from BARGEN Continuous GPS Data at Yucca Mountain, Southern Nevada
Analysis of Vertical Velocities from BARGEN Continuous GPS Data at Yucca Mountain, Southern Nevada Emma Hill and Geoffrey Blewitt Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology/178 University of Nevada, Reno Reno,
More informationTopic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by:
Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p. 65-85) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: --sedimentary horizontal rock layers (strata) are found
More informationDeformation of Rocks. Orientation of Deformed Rocks
Deformation of Rocks Folds and faults are geologic structures caused by deformation. Structural geology is the study of the deformation of rocks and its effects. Fig. 7.1 Orientation of Deformed Rocks
More informationFORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.
FORCES ON EARTH An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. GEOLOGY Geologists scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth Geologists
More informationDefinition: Plate tectonics: the theory that the earth s surface consists of a mosaic of internally rigid plates that move relative to each other
Chapter 2 Plate tectonics Definition: Plate tectonics: the theory that the earth s surface consists of a mosaic of internally rigid plates that move relative to each other Plate boundaries: zones of faulting
More informationUSU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES Observe the world map and each enlargement Pacific Northwest Tibet South America Japan 03.00.a1 South Atlantic Arabian Peninsula Observe features near the Pacific Northwest
More informationThe Theory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Objectives Describe how plates move. Explain the features of plate tectonics. Describe the types of plate boundaries and the features that can form and events that can occur at each. The
More informationPart 2 - Engineering Characterization of Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard. Earthquake Environment
Part 2 - Engineering Characterization of Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard Ultimately what we want is a seismic intensity measure that will allow us to quantify effect of an earthquake on a structure. S a
More informationEarthquakes and Faulting
Earthquakes and Faulting Crustal Strength Profile Quakes happen in the strong, brittle layers Great San Francisco Earthquake April 18, 1906, 5:12 AM Quake lasted about 60 seconds San Francisco was devastated
More informationAzimuth with RH rule. Quadrant. S 180 Quadrant Azimuth. Azimuth with RH rule N 45 W. Quadrant Azimuth
30 45 30 45 Strike and dip notation (a) N30 E, 45 SE ("Quadrant"): the bearing of the strike direction is 30 degrees east of north and the dip is 45 degrees in a southeast (SE) direction. For a given strike,
More informationEffects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion
4 th IASPEI / IAEE International Symposium: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion August 23 26, 2011 University of California Santa Barbara LONG-PERIOD (3 TO 10 S) GROUND MOTIONS IN AND AROUND THE
More informationBeneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway
Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway The Earth is more than a giant ball made up of dirt, rocks, and minerals. The Earth may look like a giant ball from when looking at it from
More informationGeology Project 1 Plate Motions
Due: 9/9/08 Geology 1002.1 Project 1 Plate Motions Plate Tectonics explains how the earth s lithosphere has evolved over geologic time. This theory explains why the Pacific Northwest has earthquakes and
More informationUNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC M APS
Name: Lab Section: work in groups, but each person turns in his/her own GEOSCIENCE 001 L AB UNDERSTANDING GEOLOGIC M APS Geologic maps are colorful and even beautiful, but they also contain an amazing
More informationFORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.
FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2 An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. USE THESE NOTES: OUR HOME PLANET EARTH: What do you know about our planet? SO.HOW
More informationChapter 8. Foundations of Geology
Chapter 8 Foundations of Geology Structure of the Earth The earth can be divided into three parts: Crust Mantle Core The Earth s Crust The crust is the part of the earth we are most familiar with It is
More informationDescription of faults
GLG310 Structural Geology Description of faults Horizontal stretch Crustal thickness Regional elevation Regional character Issues Normal Thrust/reverse Strike-slip >1 1 in one direction and < 1 in
More informationStructural deformation across the southwest Mina deflection, California-Nevada: Field studies in the Huntoon Springs area.
Structural deformation across the southwest Mina deflection, California-Nevada: Field studies in the Huntoon Springs area. Eliya R. Hogan Advisor: Jeff Lee Introduction and purpose of study: The Mina deflection
More informationPlate tectonics - 3. Homework 1: Due Monday. Hot Spots Magnetic Reversals Isostasy Continental Tectonics. EESC 2200 The Solid Earth System.
2500 EESC 2200 The Solid Earth System Plate tectonics - 3 17 Sep 08 Hot Spots Magnetic Reversals Isostasy Continental Tectonics Depth (m) 6000 0 9 36 100 155 Homework 1: Due Monday Review: Fracture zone
More informationEarthquake Tectonics and Hazards on the Continents June Recognizing and characterizing strike-slip faults and earthquakes in USA
2464-4 Earthquake Tectonics and Hazards on the Continents 17-28 June 2013 Recognizing and characterizing strike-slip faults and earthquakes in USA S. G. Wesnousky Univ. of Nevada USA Strike-slip Faults
More informationEVALUATION OF TSUNAMI RISK FOR COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CITIES. Appendix A - Figures
EVALUATION OF TSUNAMI RISK FOR COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CITIES Appendix A - Figures Figure 1.Map showing major faults of the southern California region. Northwest-trending faults are rightslip in character.
More informationMagnitude 7.7 QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS REGION
A major 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck at 8:04 PM local time in western British Columbia, Canada. The epicenter is located on Moresby Island, the southern large island in the Queen Charlotte Islands region.
More information3. PLATE TECTONICS LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES
LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES 3. PLATE TECTONICS The outer layers of the Earth are divided into the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The division is based on differences in mechanical properties
More information12. The diagram below shows the collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate.
Review 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the boundary between two lithospheric plates. Point X is a location in the continental lithosphere. The depth
More informationTECTONIC PLATES. reflect
reflect Has anyone ever told you to sit still? You may do as you re told, but in truth, you can never really sit still. You have probably already learned that Earth is constantly moving through space,
More informationMagnitude 7.0 PAPUA, INDONESIA
A 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck eastern Indonesia's mountainous West Papua province on Saturday but there were no immediate reports of casualties or damage. The region is sparsely populated. According
More informationGPS Monitoring of the San Andreas Fault and Modeling of Slip Rate on the Mojave Section of the San Andreas Fault
GPS Monitoring 1 GPS Monitoring of the San Andreas Fault and Modeling of Slip Rate on the Mojave Section of the San Andreas Fault By Nayeli Jimenez and Mischel Bartie PRISM Research Program Coordinator:
More informationPlate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
More informationComparison of Strain Rate Maps
Comparison of Strain Rate Maps David T. Sandwell UNAVCO March 8, 2010 why strain rate matters comparison of 10 strain rate models new data required interseismic model velocity v(x) = V π tan 1 x D strain
More informationPlate Boundary Observatory Working Group Plan for the San Andreas Fault System
Introduction Plate Boundary Observatory Working Group Plan for the San Andreas Fault System This document puts forward a draft implementation plan for the San Andreas Fault component of the Plate Boundary
More informationChapter 16. Mountain Building. Mountain Building. Mountains and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection?
Chapter 16 Mountains and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? Mountain Building Most crustal deformation occurs along plate margins. S.2 Active Margin Passive Margin Mountain Building Factors Affecting
More informationWeek: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics
clementaged.weebly.com Name: ODD Period: Week: 4 5 Dates: 9/8 9/12 Unit: Plate Tectonics Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 7 No School 8 E 9 O *Vocabulary *Frayer Vocab *Continental Drift Notes
More information1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About Tectonic Plates Push Together at Convergent Boundaries
1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About If new crust is created at divergent boundaries, why does the total amount of crust on Earth stay the same? Tectonic Plates Push Together
More informationLack of continuity of the San Andreas Fault in southern California: Three-dimensional fault models and earthquake scenarios
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2003jb002643, 2004 Lack of continuity of the San Andreas Fault in southern California: Three-dimensional fault models and earthquake scenarios Sara
More informationGeology 101 Study Guide #4
Geology 101 Study Guide #4 Our last unit is the study of the earthquakes, the Earth s interior and plate tectonics. We live in a region which has been added on to North America through plate tectonics.
More informationDynamic Crust Practice
1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides
More informationApparent and True Dip
Apparent and True Dip Cross-bedded building stone. The contact immediately below A appears to dip gently to the right, but at B, the contact appears to dip to the left. But it's not a syncline! Both of
More information1. Name at least one place that the mid-atlantic Ridge is exposed above sea level.
Interpreting Tectonic and Bathymetric Maps. The purpose of this lab is to provide experience interpreting the bathymetry of the seafloor in terms of tectonic and geologic settings and processes. Use the
More informationLab 6: Earthquake Focal Mechanisms (35 points)
Lab 6: Earthquake Focal Mechanisms (35 points) Group Exercise 1. Drawing Nodal Planes (8 pts) The outline map below labeled Figure 4.60a shows the positions of two earthquakes recorded on the Mid-Atlantic
More informationThe Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 4 main layers: Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core The Crust This is where
More informationElastic Block Modeling of Fault Slip Rates across Southern California
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy Volume 4 Issue 1 Spring 2016 Article 3 May 2016 Elastic Block Modeling of Fault Slip Rates across Southern California Liam P. DiZio Macalester College, ldizio@macalester.edu
More informationThe Seismogenic Thickness of the Southern California Crust
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, No. 3, pp. 940 960, June 2004 The Seismogenic Thickness of the Southern California Crust by Julie J. Nazareth and Egill Hauksson Abstract The
More informationEvolution of stress in Southern California for the past 200 years from coseismic, postseismic and interseismic stress changes
Geophys. J. Int. (2007) 169, 1164 1179 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03391.x Evolution of stress in Southern California for the past 200 years from coseismic, postseismic and interseismic stress changes
More information24. Ocean Basins p
24. Ocean Basins p. 350-372 Background The majority of the planet is covered by ocean- about %. So the majority of the Earth s crust is. This crust is hidden from view beneath the water so it is not as
More informationBefore Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift
Before Plate Tectonics: Theory of Continental Drift Predecessor to modern plate tectonics Shape and fit of the continents was the initial evidence Snider-Pelligrini (1858) Taylor (1908) Wegner (1915) Fig.
More informationHow to Build a Mountain and other Geologic Structures. But first, questions
How to Build a Mountain and other Geologic Structures But first, questions Questions your students might ask How were Montana s mountains formed? How old are the mountains? What are the different ways
More informationChapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events.
Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. 7-2 Alfred Wegener s Hypothesis of Continental Drift (1915) He noticed that the continents
More informationUse complete and thorough answers through this assignment use a different color font. Feel free to use images to help explain!
Activity 1: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Webquest: Name Use complete and thorough answers through this assignment use a different color font. Feel free to use images to help explain! Structure
More informationMoho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle
Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic
More information