INTRODUCTION. LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA. DRILLING HISTORY OF THE AREA. GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE AREA. HYDROLOGY OF THE AREA.

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2 INTRODUCTION. LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA. DRILLING HISTORY OF THE AREA. GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE AREA. HYDROLOGY OF THE AREA. RESULT ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. DISCUSSION. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION.

3 Groundwater potential in Naivasha has been harnesed but not to full potential. The little available boreholes have been over exploited. Lake region and its environs have enough water to cater for far areas of Karagita, kongoni Maai Mahiu where the potentials are low or even less. The highland areashave also enough and higher potential compared to the lowland areas around the town centre. Little of this has been exploited and especially in the Kinangop plateau. Potentials in this areas is also high and can be used to supply water to areas with less potentials like Kayole and Maraigushu areas. This leads to the need for proper groundwater investigation in the area to reduce the risk of over exploiting the available boreholes and leaving other areas with equal potentials un exploited.

4 AIM The main aim of the project is to try to come up with long term solution to the problems of getting sufficient water for the residents in this area using the groundwater source. This is achieved by identifying the areas with higher potential that can be used to make or establish well fields that can be used o supply water to areas with less waters. this will be a boost to the present population and its rising in number. This is in the line to realizing of the main goal of the country vision 2030 by providing pure and clean water to every homestead.

5 Among the main objectives of the project include; Try and establish a hydrogeological section of the area which will help in identifying viable areas for development of well fields for groundwater harvesting. Provide a fully hydrogeology report of the area to the administration for implementation and b this help curb the problem of the water shortage. The project itself is part of the requirement in the university curriculum in partial fulfillment of a bachelor s degree in Geology. Try to come up with an idea of areas with higher potential of groundwater that can be used to supply water to other areas with little potential or lack the potential at all. Acquire some skills in the field of hydrogeological prospecting area and also in determining some measurement in groundwater exploration

6 The scope of the project is to be able to determine transmmisivity of groundwater using the data from the drilled boreholes. With this I was able to determine the areas with high potential of producing groundwater. To do this I will try to contour the area of study relating to the different values of transmmisivity. At the end I will be able to capture and isolate out areas with the highest and lowest potentials in terms of groundwater.

7 Area located in Nakuru county, bordered by Nyandarua and Kiambu county to the south. Bordered by longitudes E and E Latitudes 0 30 S and 1 00 S. Geologically located at the floor of the rift valley and the fault steps and Kinangop plateau. Covers approximately an area of approximately 30 square Km.

8 Its located in Naivasha east, Nakuru county Kenya. Boundered by longitudes E and E and latitudes S and S. Accessed by the Naivasha Kinangop highway. LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

9 The boreholes drilling started as early as Such boreholes still in operation e.g Jackben borehole in kinangop Maraigushu location. The boreholes in the area not well or equally distributed. Some are driilled are populated in small areas while in other areas they are sparsely distributed i.e very few borehole are drilled in Maraigushu ward and Malewa east but a lot of boreholes have been sunk in Karagita, Kihoto and kasarani area. Drilled boreholes have proved the area is well productive in some areas. Others have been less productive and even some hae been dry wells e.g at Kimuri Kihunyuro area at the steps of the fault we have a dry borehole andanother one that after feww years ceased to operate as its pumping water level fell below the static water level such that the water could not be pumped out again.

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11 GEOLOGY. The geology of the area is characterised by volcanics and sedimentary origin. Includes pyclastics sediments, commendites trachtes and the tuffs as shown in the next slide. HYDROLOGY. The area is characterised by one major river, r. Malewa fed by numerous streams and tributaries.

12 The hydrogeology of an area is determined mainly by the nature of the geology, topography and climate; these aspects are related to the characteristics such as the parent rock, structural features, weathering and patterns of precipitation and finally human activities. Highland areas are characterized by deep groundwater tables, steep groundwater gradients and also by its larger rainfall values. In the valleys they are characterized by a shallow water table which gently slopes to the lake, low values of precipitation and low values of natural recharge

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14 Data collected was used to calculate Boreholes Drawdown,Specific yield and the Transmissivity. The transmissivity is used to quantify the groundwater potentials in the by constructing the transmissivity contoured map in the next slide.

15 Well No. T/depth (m) WSL (m) SWL (m) PWL (m) Yield in M 3 /Hr DRAW DOWN WRL (m) C Trans mmisi vity C C , , C , C , C C C , C , C C , C C C C CC

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17 The groundwater potential of an area is determined by the transmmisivity of the wells from which the boreholes are drilled. Transmmisivity is rate of flow under hydraulic gradient equal to unity through a cross-section of unit width over the whole thickness of the aquifer. Transmmisivity is seen to be higher to the south and eastern part of the study area. This is attributed to some factors which control the water movement in the subsurface.

18 The factors that affect the transmissbility of groundwater are; Geology. Underground channels. Borehole depth. Structural geological features

19 GEOLOGY This affect the water movement in the rocks beneath the earths crust. Its more or wells in loose and unconsolidated rocks of volcanics and sedimentary rocks. This is due the large air pores in the rocks grains and in the periphery of the rocks grain and gravels. Boreholes drilled in these rocks have proved to be productive as compared to those in the basement rocks.

20 This occurs in areas that had at time a river flowing or a stream. Water flows still through the ground even as the rivers diverts or dries up. Boreholes in such areas are more productive and their yields will be high. Such areas are recommendable for well fields especially in Kinangop areas where we had more rivers that have recently dried up and only geta water during the rainny season.

21 The depth of a borehole can also affect its production. Some borehole are only to a level where they can only tap the shallow wells. In case of water drop below the static level, the borehole stops to yield properly and may end not providing water enough. Those drilled to deeper level are able to tap waters from the main and deep aquifers that may be drilled out for a considerable time without ceasing.

22 Most of my objective have been accomplished. Relevant authority should take the initiative of researching of the area to discover more potential areas that can help provide more clean water to the resident. The lake should be provided with the necessary care as it in one way or another affect the boreholes water level in its periphery. More research and education to be conducted in the area on the water resource management act to help in solving some of the arising issues of misuse of water in the area.

23 Its clear that the area has enough water if only they could be tapped well and proper prospecting in the area. in Kinangop area its clear that there is need for more water drilling as the rivers that provided water for the residents have long dried up. There are less or people around have no idea of proper water management. More well fields can be established in the areas around Naivasha town to supply water to even as far as the kayole and Kinungi areas which have less of groundwater potentials.

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