20 What evidence proves that no work is being done on an object? 19 Identify a situation in which work is being done.

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Annabel Rodgers
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1 Questions for your 2nd six weeks exam will be taken from these question. ue to the large number of questions, not all of these will be on the exam. Work or No Work? Questions Identify a situation in which work is being done. turning a page in a science book reading a science book resting a science book against the wall 20 What evidence proves that no work is being done on an object? an object remains stationary an object moves an object has mass an object is heavy holding a science book 21 batter walks up to home plate with his bat, stands with his bat in the air, swings his bat, and makes contact with the ball. In which part of this situation is NO work occurring? batter walks up to home plate with his bat batter stands with his bat in the air batter swings the bat batter makes contact with the ball

2 22 Work is the product of force and time power distance speed 23 Which of the following choices best represents force? a push or a pull always causing motion a push or a pull always causing acceleration a push or a pull acting without an object a push or a pull acting on an object 24 scientist can calculate the amount of work done by using the equation - w = x d w = x w = N x m w = x d newton girl lifts a 10- newton box vertically upward a distance of 0.5 meters. The work done on the box is

3 26 n unbalanced force can cause an object s motion to change by changing direction or speed; starting, but not stopping motion changing direction or speed, starting or stopping motion changing direction or speed; stopping, but not starting motion changing direction or speed only 27 sheet of notebook paper lying motionless on a table and not touched by an outside force will MOST likely remain motionless because - balanced forces exerted by gravity and the table keep the paper motionless an unbalanced force is exerted by the table to keep the paper motionless balanced forces exerted by gravity and the air keep the paper motionless an unbalanced force is exerted by the air to keep the paper motionless 28 Two boxes and their masses are shown below. Which of the following situations shows work being done? student is sitting in a chair and holding both boxes. student is holding the large box 1m above the floor. student is standing and holding the small box. student is lifting the small box 0.5m from the floor to a table

4 Work in artoons Questions Identify the situation in which no work is being done.

5 26 In the diagrams below, two forces are exerted on an object. The forces are represented by arrows. The length of the arrow indicates the strength of the force. In which of the diagrams will the motion of the object remain unchanged? 27 What happens when a force acts on an object? The object moves in the direction of the force applied. The object moves away from the direction of the force applied. The object accelerates upwards. The object does not move. 28 Paul is moving two identical boxes. e picks up one box and lifts it one meter straight up. This requires 180 N of force. e pushes the second box up a ramp that is 3 m long. This requires 60 N of force. Which statement best describes the amount of work Paul accomplished when moving the two boxes? It requires 3 times more work to lift the box straight up. Lifting the box straight up requires one-third the work. Pushing the box up the ramp requires 120 N less work. It requires the same amount of work to move each box.

6 2N 6m 4N 3m 29 In the diagrams above, who is doing more work to move the barrel into the truck? The man using the short ramp is doing more work. The man using the long ramp is doing more work. They are both using the same amount of work. There is not enough information to tell. 30 In the diagram above, who has to use more force to move the barrel in the truck? The man using the short ramp has to use more force. The man using the long ramp has to use more force. They are both using the same amount of force. There is not enough information to tell.

Natural isasters Questions 9-17 9 If a large volcano that is on an island erupts, it will impact the local ecosystem. Which of the following is NOT a way the volcano will affect the local ecosystem?

7 Natural isasters Questions If a large volcano that is on an island erupts, it will impact the local ecosystem. Which of the following is NOT a way the volcano will affect the local ecosystem? The lava from the volcano will heat up the air in the local area and kill all life in the area. Lava will run down from the volcano, burning down all of the trees around the volcano. When the volcano erupts, it will throw dust into the air affecting plants locally and across the planet. The magma will run into the ocean around the island killing coral reef animals. 10 ased on Shane s map, which continent has the fewest active volcanoes? North merica frica Europe ustralia

8 11 Predict what might happen to the soil in an area affected by seasonal drought and then by wildfires. sh from the wildfires would add moisture to the soil. Plants would be destroyed, allowing the soil to erode. roundwater would percolate up through the soil. 12 What is one condition that is necessary for a hurricane to form? warm ocean water a strong cold front cold ocean water a strong warm front No changes would occur. 13 In 1989, a tanker carrying oil struck a reef and spilled 11 million gallons of oil in an laskan bay. The oil not only spilled into the harbor, but also washed up on the shoreline. The spill killed millions of fish, birds that lived on the shore, sea otters, porpoises, seal lions and many whales. Every form of life in the area was affected. Scientists have carefully studied the area and its species since the initial spill to determine both short-term and longterm effects. Which of the following was affected the least by this catastrophic event? plants along the shoreline fishermen in the area migratory sea birds crustaceans that lived on the bottom of the bay

9 14 uring a landslide, many tons of rock slide down a hill in a very short time. landslide would MOST LIKELY force animals living in the area to move to a new area develop new adaptations uncover all the buried plants develop different types of diets 16 Which of the following events is most likely to cause an environmental disturbance in a grassland biome? earthquake volcanic eruption hurricane fire caused by lightning 15 landslide carries many tons of rock from a hillside into a valley. ll of the plants in the valley are buried. New plants that begin to grow in the valley after the landslide will MOST LIKELY lack clean air rich soil bright light fresh water 17 large volcanic eruption can produce a cloud of ash that can impact the world's climate for some time. cloud of ash that blocked out the sun for four months would MOST LIKELY have which of these effects? higher temperatures on Earth and increased rates of photosynthesis large amounts of precipitation and flooding of coastal areas lower temperatures and slower rates of plant growth high rates of extinction among reptiles and amphibians

Weathering, eposition and Erosion raphic Organizer Questions 23-35 23 Karen has a birdbath made of poured concrete which can have many tiny holes.

10 Weathering, eposition and Erosion raphic Organizer Questions Karen has a birdbath made of poured concrete which can have many tiny holes. When she bought it, the salesman suggested that she seal the surface with a watertight paint. Why was this suggestion made? In cold, wet weather, any water that seeped into the concrete could freeze and cause the birdbath to crack. The watertight paint would slow the evaporation of water during periods of warm weather. Over time, rainwater could react with the surface of the concrete and deposit a mineral layer over the carved area. When rainwater sits in a concrete basin, the p becomes too acidic for the birds. The paint allows the p to remain neutral. 24 Keith made the sketch above during a field investigation on weathering. What process is shown in Keith s sketch? abrasion chemical weathering ice wedging 2nd Six Weeks mineral Exam Review separation

11 anie gathered four different kinds of rock samples granite, limestone, marble, and sandstone. She has 4 trays puts one sample in each tray. The tray is tilted, the rock sample is placed at the top of the tray and water is pumped over the rock sample continuously for four days (96 hours). She checked the samples each day. 25 The purpose of anie s investigation is to determine - 27 What is the best way for anie to determine the mass of each sample? 26 The results of anie s investigation will be useful for - the effects of weathering on different kinds of rocks what kind of rock particles are suitable for purifying water how changes in the rate of water flow affect different kinds of rocks the effects of p on different kinds of rocks a sculptor deciding what kind of rock to use for a monument. a farmer choosing between contour farming or terracing to prevent erosion. a shorefront property owner wanting to protect his property from chemical weathering. fter each day, pour the water through a filter, and collect the rock particles. Measure the rock particles. Measure the dry mass of each sample before and after each day. et the circumference of each rock sample before starting the investigation by wrapping a string around the rocks. Repeat this measurement after each day. apture the water in a separate container, and measure the volume after each day. a golf course ground keeper deciding what kind of turf to plant on the fairways and greens.

12 28 fter anie determines the mass of each rock sample, which data table should she use to record her data?

13 29 Sand for beaches comes from rocks in the area that are weathered down, and their sediment is deposited in the area beaches. The beaches are then eroded, and the sediment is moved away from the beaches. If rocks stopped weathering, how would the beach change? The beach would gain sediment because sand would still be deposited and not weathered away. The beach would lose sediment because sand would still erode away, and there is no new sediment being deposited. The beach would stay the same because the beach could not change if it could not be weathered. The beach would lose sediment because the sand would still weather, moving sediment into the ocean. 30 arbonic acid in rainwater slowly dissolves limestone to form a cave. This is an example of chemical weathering mechanical weathering chemical deposition mechanical erosion

14 31 The figure shows the original channel of a river, as well as its current channel. Which of the following forces MOST LIKELY changed the course of the river? glaciation and eruption deposition and erosion lava flow and weathering crustal uplift and compression 32 Which surface type does wind erosion most strongly affect? rocks wet, compacted soil loose, sandy soil dry, compacted soil 33 What is the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another called? displacement building erosion mixing

15 34 omes are built on cliffs because of the great views. Sometimes the hills are built on strong, solid rock, but other times the top rock is lying on top of a weak rock layer. Which picture shows how the layers would change as it erodes?

35 Rivers start in the areas of higher elevation and run towards the ocean. The river moves sediment, as well as water. When a river is dammed, it will change the sediment flow of an area.

16 35 Rivers start in the areas of higher elevation and run towards the ocean. The river moves sediment, as well as water. When a river is dammed, it will change the sediment flow of an area. Which change of sediment would be a result of a dam being built? more sediment would be moved down the river more sediment would be deposited right after the dam more sediment would be deposited in the lake the dam will not affect the deposition of sediment

17 Texas Ecoregions Questions Which of the following can you find in Texas? mountains and canyons deserts and beaches pine forests and swamps all of them 37 The state of Texas can be divided into geographical areas defined by climate, plant and animal species that stay relatively within the same area. These large geographical areas are called: counties substates ecosystems ecoregions 36 Which ecoregion of Texas is most likely to be most affected by wind erosion? East Texas Piney Woods lackland Prairies Trans Pecos deserts Rolling Plains 38 Palo uro anyon, often called the rand anyon of Texas, is located in the Panhandle. The steep walls and deep caves of the canyon were most likely carved by years of prevailing winds from the Rocky mountains deforestation by early settlers water erosion from a fork of the Red River continuous rainfall over long periods of time

18 irections: Use the map of Texas ecoregions to answer the two questions under the map. 39 In eorge West, we live in the South Texas rush ountry ecoregion. Which letter shows the region we live in? The Trans Pecos region is found in far west Texas and is a dry, desert-like area with mountains and canyons. Which letter is the Trans Pecos region?

41 In general, annual rainfall amounts in Texas increase from: N north to south W E south to north S east to west west to east 42 The formation of caves and canyons in the Edwards quifer occurs due

19 41 In general, annual rainfall amounts in Texas increase from: N north to south W E south to north S east to west west to east 42 The formation of caves and canyons in the Edwards quifer occurs due to the movement of the water. What accounts for their differences? The movement of water on the surface of the Earth forms caves. The action of water as it seeps into the surface of the Earth forms caves. The chemical reaction of water and some minerals forms canyons. anyon formation occurs during times of climate change.

Watersheds Questions 7-14 7 The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a divide. watershed. stream.

20 Watersheds Questions The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a divide. watershed. stream. tributary 8 What might be the most serious effect of placing a factory in the location shown below? roundwater might be used up too quickly Pollution from the factory would seep into the groundwater roundwater could become salt water roundwater could seep into the factory

21 9 small stream runs through the center of a residential neighborhood. Water enters the stream from a series of storm drains in the area. or many years, the shape of the streambed, the amount of water, and the species of wildlife have remained stable. owever, there has been an increase in building in the area. New homes, new streets, and new storm drains have had an impact. What effect have the changes likely had on the neighborhood stream? The water level has risen and is flowing more slowly. The stream is depositing sediment downstream. The water quality has been drastically changed due to contact with the pavement. The number of species in the creek has decreased. The increase in paved areas has increased the amount of water flowing into the creek. The stream bank has eroded. The amount of water flowing into the stream has decreased. The stream is flowing more quickly, which increases erosion of the streambed. 10 River processes have a great impact on the land surface. Which of the following is ordered from smallest to largest? tributaries, rivers, river systems tributaries, river systems, rivers rivers, tributaries, river systems 11 Water moves under Earth s surface to fill in open spaces in rocks or soil. What is this type of water called? watershed water table ground water surface water river systems, tributaries, rivers

22 Read the following to answer the next two questions. river in Texas starts at a natural spring of water. The spring water flows up into an area that is used as a swimming pool, and then flows into a river a few miles away. Eight million gallons of water flow out of the spring every hour. 12 What is the relationship between the spring and the river? The water from the spring is ground water that joins the surface water of the river. The water from the river and spring are both examples of surface water. The water from the river and spring are both examples of ground water. The water from the spring and river are considered run-off. 13 What would happen to the river if the natural spring no longer flowed? The river would be narrower and deeper than it is now. be completely dry except during the rainy season. 14 Which of the following most directly prevents erosion in a watershed? soil type plant life sediment transport be shallower than it is now. agricultural irrigation be larger than it is now.

23 uman Impact on Water Questions In an agricultural area, a heavy rainfall caused a flash flood. The topsoil from a freshly fertilized field washed into a local stream. s a result, the amount of nitrogen in the water drastically increased, causing the algae to grow to record levels and cover the surface of the stream. What effect did this bloom of algae have on the stream? The animal life in the stream benefited since most fish eat algae. The algae upset the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the water, causing fish to die. The algae acted as a thermal blanket on the stream, causing the water temperature to increase and the fish to thrive. The algae attached itself to the stream bank and narrowed the width of the stream. This caused the water to flow at a faster rate.

24 19 ohn was changing the oil in his truck. e dumped the used oil around a fence post to keep weeds from growing. ohn didn't know it, but he was hurting the environment because the oil rots the base of the fence post and attracts harmful insects 20 Which of the following sets of equipment can be used to analyze the effects of human activity on a watershed? water testing kit, triple beam balance water testing kit, hand lens, notebook goes deep into the soil and pollutes the groundwater water testing kit, beaker, hotplate kills weeds and they are an important part of the environment hotplate, beaker, graduated cylinder attracts more insects that will take over his yard 21 If your community is planning to build a new sanitary landfill, what is the most important environmental factor in picking a location? the cost of the land the location of the groundwater the closeness to an industrial park 22 local gardener puts fertilizer on his plants. The plants are very healthy, but what is a negative effect the fertilizers have on the environment? Excess fertilizer is washed into local streams, causing an overgrowth of algae. The fertilizer builds up in the soil and causes more weeds to grow over time. the accessibility to a major highway The fertilizer evaporates, causing acid rain to fall on the neighborhood. The fertilizer causes an overabundance of producers.

25 23 The map shows the main streams and rivers near ity and ity, as well as the nearby factories and farmland. The arrows in the diagram show the direction of water flow. ity gets its water from the Sunset River and ity gets its water from the Moth Lake. lso shown are locations X, Y, and Z, where river-water samples are collected. Study the map, then answer the following question(s). n herbicide was applied to the farmland above Moth Lake through irrigation. What is the greatest risk of using the herbicide? It will pollute the water source for ity. It will pollute the water source for ity. It will pollute the air of city. It will pollute the air of ity.

26 Porosity and Permeability Lab Questions In some areas of Texas, rain water quickly moves through layers of rock and is stored naturally underground. The water is then pumped into homes for people to use. What would cause the biggest change on the amount of water available to people in this area? long periods of high temperatures below-freezing temperatures for many consecutive days 35 What is the main purpose of digging a channel or building a dam on a river? to change the p of the water to change the temperature of the water to accelerate the rate at which the soil erodes to alter the flow of the river in a specific direction long periods without rainfall non-porous rocks to store the water 36 Underground water can be stored in layers of rock or sediment called aquifers. The Ogallala quifer provides water to Texas. Water levels are dropping because of the demands of crop irrigation. What can you predict from this information? The aquifer could eventually dry up, affecting the entire region. The aquifer will remain the same over the years with little or no impact. The aquifer can be replenished over time with the melting of winter snow. The aquifer could become a marsh are and be used for growing crops such as rice.

37 The diagram below shows a side view of several layers of rock below Earth s surface. Which rock layer would be recharged more quickly than the others. (int: Step 1.

27 37 The diagram below shows a side view of several layers of rock below Earth s surface. Which rock layer would be recharged more quickly than the others. (int: Step 1. ompare the porosity and permeability for each layer. Step 2. etermine what characteristics will help a rock layer recharge. Step 3. ind the layer that will allow the water to flow through it. Layer I Layer II Layer III Layer IV

28 onditions for Life in the Solar System Questions This diagram is a commonly used model of the solar system. owever, it is not completely accurate. One limitation of this model is that it does not show the difference in size or the correct distances between the sun and the planets show the general arrangement of the sun and planets show the orbit paths of the planets in relation to the sun none of the above, it is a completely accurate model 23 ll of the following are ways that atmosphere makes the existence of life on Earth possible EXEPT - It shields the Earth from collisions. It offers protection from radiation. It maintains a constant temperature. It allows for gas exchange between plants and animals.

29 24 ased on the data in the table, which of the following is a valid conclusion? In general, as average distance from the sun increases, period of rotation increases. In general, as average distance from the sun increases, period of revolution increases. In general, as average distance from the sun increases, period of rotation decreases. Period of rotation is directly related to the average distance from the sun. 25 ccording to the chart, which inner planet has the longest day? Mercury Venus Earth Mars

30 26 Why would planet E NOT be a good place to look for life as we know it? It is too hot. It is too cold. There is no oxygen. There is no water. 27 Which of the following would be the EST planet to look for life?

31 28 The study of which two planets is the most beneficial in allowing scientists to better understand Earth? Mars and upiter Mercury and Pluto 29 Which of the following factors contributed to the development of life on Earth? the daily retrograde rotation the year-long revolution around the sun Saturn and Venus the presence of liquid water Venus and Mars the presence of a moon 30 Why are none of the outer planets likely to support life similar to that of Earth? They are all too large to support life. Living things cannot survive on a planet that does not have regular seasons. They are so far from the sun that there is not enough warmth to support life. The outer planets are so large that their tidal effects on one another are too strong to allow life to develop.

Name period date assigned date due date returned. Natural Disasters

Name period date assigned date due date returned Match the following natural disaster to its description. Write the capital letter of the definition in the blank in front of the natural disaster. 1. tornado