*X208/11/01* X208/11/01 GEOGRAPHY INTERMEDIATE 2 NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 2014 THURSDAY, 29 MAY 9.00 AM AM

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1 X208/11/01 NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 2014 THURSDAY, 29 MAY 9.00 AM AM GEOGRAPHY INTERMEDIATE 2 Candidates should answer four questions: Section A Question 1 and Question 2 AND Section B any two questions from Questions 3 to 7 Candidates should read the questions carefully. Answers should be clearly expressed and relevant. Credit will always be given for appropriate sketch-maps and diagrams. Write legibly and neatly, and leave a space of about one cm between the lines. All maps and diagrams in this paper have been printed in black only: no other colours have been used. PB *X208/11/01*

2 SECTION A IN THIS SECTION YOU MUST ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND QUESTION 2. Question 1: Physical Environments Map Q1A: Rivers in Scotland A B C (a) Look at Map Q1A. Name rivers A, B and C shown on the map. 3 Page two

3 1. (continued) (b) Study the Ordnance Survey Map Extract (No 203/101). Describe the physical features of the River Derwent and its valley between 9390 and (c) There are many steep cliffs along the coastline shown on the map extract. Explain the coastal erosion processes which lead to the formation of cliffs. You may wish to use diagrams in your answer. 4 Diagram Q1B: RAF Fylingdales (Grid Reference 8696) (d) Look at the Ordnance Survey Map Extract (No 203/101). For the area shown on the map, or any other area you have studied, describe the advantages and disadvantages of military land use. [Turn over Page three

4 1. (continued) Diagram Q1C: Land Uses in Coastal Areas TOURISM FARMING COASTAL AREAS IN THE UK INDUSTRY RECREATION AND LEISURE (e) Study Diagram Q1C. For a named coastal area you have studied, explain, in detail, ways in which different land uses may be in conflict with each other. (f) Describe the ways public and voluntary organisations help to protect coastal or upland environments. 4 (2) [END OF QUESTION 1] NOW GO ON TO QUESTION 2 Page four

5 Question 2: Human Environments Table Q2A: Africa Projected Population Change Urban population 440 million 160 million Rural population 660 million 70 million (a) Study Diagram Q2A. Referring to rural and urban areas, describe the problems African countries are likely to face due to the population changes which will take place between 2014 and Diagram Q2B: Infant Mortality Rate Argentina 19 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Year (b) Study Diagram Q2B. Explain why the infant mortality rate in many countries is decreasing. 4 [Turn over Page five

6 2. (continued) Diagram Q2C: A Modern City Centre (c) Look at Diagram Q2C. Describe changes which have taken place in city centres in the developed world during the last 30 years. Diagram Q2D: Changes in Agriculture in Developing Countries Changes Increased use of Fertilisers Increased use of Machinery (d) Study Diagram Q2D. Irrigation Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the changes shown in the diagram. 6 (e) Study the Ordnance Survey Map Extract (No 203/101). Explain the advantages of grid square 0284 for the development of a new industrial estate. [END OF SECTION A] 4 (2) NOW TURN TO SECTION B AND ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS Page six

7 SECTION B Environmental Interactions Answer any two questions from this section. Choose from Question 3 Rural Land Degradation (Pages 8 to 9) Question 4 River Basin Management (Pages 10 to 11) Question European Environmental Inequalities (Pages 12 to 13) Question 6 Development and Health (Page 14) Question 7 Environmental Hazards (Page 1) [Turn over Page seven

8 SECTION B Question 3: Rural Land Degradation Diagram Q3A: Population Growth in Niger 1 Diagram Q3B: Niger and the Sahel Region of Africa Population (millions) Year 1000km Key The Sahel Niger (a) Study Diagrams Q3A and Q3B. For Niger, or any other arid or semi arid area you have studied, explain ways in which rapid population growth can lead to increased desertification. Page eight

9 3. (continued) Diagram Q3C: Newspaper Headline Cutting down the world s forests brings many economic advantages, but at a cost to the environment (b) Look at Diagram Q3C. For an area you have studied, describe the environmental impact of deforestation. Diagram Q3D: Remaining Forest Cover in Borneo 60 Million hectares Year (c) Look at Diagram Q3D. Describe ways in which countries such as Borneo can reduce deforestation. (1) [Turn over Page nine

10 Question 4: River Basin Management Diagram Q4A: The Hydrological Cycle (a) Study Diagram Q4A. Describe, in detail, the processes taking place in the hydrological cycle. Page ten

11 4. (continued) Map Q4B: River Brahmaputra CHINA NEPAL Ganges BHUTAN Brahmaputra INDIA BANGLADESH INDIA BURMA Indian Ocean (b) Look at Map Q4B. China is planning a water management project to divert water from the River Brahmaputra. For this, or any other water management project you have studied, explain: (i) why the project was needed; (ii) the environmental and political problems resulting from the project. 4 6 (1) [Turn over Page eleven

12 Question : European Environmental Inequalities Map QA: Air Quality in Europe Key Air Quality Very poor Poor Sufficient Satisfactory Good Very good (a) Study Map QA. Describe the pattern of air quality in Europe. 4 Page twelve

13 . (continued) Diagram QB: Factors Affecting River Pollution Population Density Transport Level of River Pollution Economic Activity (b) Look at Diagram QB. Explain the ways these factors affect the level of pollution in a river. (c) For a mountain or coastal area you have studied: (i) describe measures taken to improve the environmental quality of the area; (ii) comment on the effectiveness of these measures. 6 (1) [Turn over Page thirteen

14 Question 6: Development and Health Map Q6: Human Development Index Key 0 90 and over and under (a) Look at Map Q6. The Human Development Index is an example of a combined indicator of development. (i) Why are combined indicators of development better than using single indicators? (ii) Explain why some areas of the world have a higher level of development than others. 3 6 (b) Heart disease, malaria and AIDS are common diseases. Choose one of these diseases. Describe: (i) the main causes of the disease; (ii) the consequences of the disease for the population in an affected area. 6 (1) Page fourteen

15 Question 7: Environmental Hazards Diagram Q7A: Damage Caused by Tropical Storm Nadine 2012 (a) Look at Diagram Q7A. For this or any other named tropical storm you have studied: (i) describe the effects of the storm on local people and the landscape; (ii) explain the importance of aid agencies in helping the area immediately after the storm. [Turn over for Question 7(b) on Page sixteen Page fifteen

16 7. (continued) Table Q7B: Frequency of Earthquakes 2013 Magnitude on Richter Scale Average annually 8 and higher , ,000 (estimated) ,000 (estimated) ,300,000 (estimated) (b) Look at Table Q7B. Describe methods used to predict earthquakes and comment on their effectiveness. (1) [END OF QUESTION PAPER] Page sixteen

17 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Diagram Question 2C Shutterstock.com Diagram Question 2D Shutterstock.com Diagram Question 7A Shutterstock.com

18 X208/11/11 NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 2014 THURSDAY, 29 MAY 9.00 AM AM GEOGRAPHY INTERMEDIATE 2 Ordnance Survey Map for Questions 1 and 2 ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP Note: The colours used in the printing of this map extract are indicated in the four little boxes at the top of the map extract. Each box should contain a colour; if any does not, the map is incomplete and should be returned to the Invigilator. PB *X208/11/11*

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