Teaching GIS for Land Surveying

Transcription

1 Teaching GIS for Land Surveying Zhanjing (John) Yu Evergreen Valley College, San Jose, California James Crossfield California State University at Fresno, Fresno California 7/13/2006 1

2 Outline of the Presentation Introduction Lectures Lab activities Term projects Homework Evaluation Summary 7/13/2006 2

3 Introduction The main components of the course was developed by Dr. James Crossfield as part of a NSF project to develop a land surveying (geomatics) program for two-year colleges. The course has been taught twice at Evergreen Valley College. Santa Rosa Junior College and other colleges also use part of the curriculum. It is a 3-unit class with two hours of lecture and three hours of lab, and is a lower-division class. 7/13/2006 3

4 Introduction Textbooks Clarke, K. Getting Started with Geographic Information System, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003 FGCS, Multipurpose Land Information Systems: the Guidebook, Updated through The guidebook is at this website: debook1of3.pdf Omsby et al., Getting to Know ArcGIS, Second Edition Updated for ArcGIS 9, ESRI Press, 2004 Reference book Burrough and McDonnell, Principles of Geographical Information System, Oxford University Press, /13/2006 4

5 Introduction Learning Outcomes: Use GIS related software. Apply GIS knowledge in civil engineering and land surveying fields Incorporate CAD drawing and surveying data into GIS. Analyze and interpret data Build a multipurpose land information system with GIS technology by linking geodetic reference, base map, cadastral overlay and other information overlays Identify, formulate and solve GIS problems Recognize the need for lifelong learning and gain lifelong learning skills Recognize the need for professional registration or licensing in land surveying 7/13/2006 5

6 Introduction What is GIS? General Definition Software Basic features of a GIS package Data entry, editing and validation Graphical and image data, alphanumerical data Creating maps, graphs and tables Linkage among various data elements Ad hoc query and analysis Data storage History 7/13/2006 6

7 GIS and the Land Surveyor Both deal with spatial data Land surveyors are the ultimate positional data suppliers for GIS GIS originated from automated map making which is part of a surveyor s job GIS is also know as LIS, Landing Information System in the surveying community, which deals with land records and associated information The Real Property Connection Licensing examinations include GIS The Multi-Purpose Land Information System 7/13/2006 7

8 Geodetic Reference Framework in LIS/MPC Geodetic Coordinate System (Geographic Coordinate) Projections used in SPCS State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS83) NSRS (National Spatial Reference System) PLSS Corners Local established control points tied to the NSRS Accuracy Density Datums and Coordinate System Recommended NGS Datasheet 7/13/2006 8

9 Base Map Parts of A Map Map Scale Map Accuracy Types of Base Maps 7/13/2006 9

10 Cadastral Overlay Cadastre Property Descriptions Metes and Bound PLSS aliquot parts and lots Platting (parcel maps) PLSS Parcel Map 7/13/

11 Linkage: Database Basics File Structures Database Structure Database Management System ArcView Tables Linkage in Relational Database Keys ArcView Table Linkage Scenarios) 7/13/

12 Graphical Data Vector and Raster Vector Data Characteristics of Vector Data Raster Data Characteristics of Raster Data Vector Data Organization Raster Data Organization 7/13/

13 Data and Data Sources Types of Data Data Sources Local State National Private companies Field collections 7/13/

14 Getting Data Into the System Entering Spatial Data Digitizing Scanning Importing from other programs Entering Attribute Data Manual entry Importing from other programs Verification and Editing Make sure that information on each layer is correct Make sure that images and imported data are properly registered. Spatial and Attribute Data Linkage Both automatic and manual Using Attribute Table in ArcView 7/13/

15 Basic Statistical Analyses Basic Statistics Mean Median Standard deviation Frequency, relative frequency and cumulative relative frequency Histogram ArcView Classification Window 7/13/

16 FGDC and GIS Related Standards The need for standards FGDC organization Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards Spatial Data Transfer Standard Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Cadastral Data Content Standard Compliance 7/13/

17 GIS Design Issues to Be Considered Need Assessment General Requirements Technical Considerations Personnel Considerations Design Process Develop a functional diagram and design matrix Development of the Master Plan Implementation of the Master Plan Periodically evaluate evolving system effectiveness to ensure the implementation model is appropriate. 7/13/

18 Case Studies BLM: Geographic Coordinate Database (GCDB) Dallas Central Appraisal District GIS GIS and Road Accident in Connecticut GIS and WTC after 9/11/2001 7/13/

19 Future Trends and Issues GIS Data Acquisition GPS Digital Photogrammetry (Orthophoto) LIDAR and Laser Imaging Remote Data Monitoring and Collection Intelligent Map Conversion GIS Data Management 3-D Data Management, Analysis and Visualization Spatial Data Warehouse Version Management and Temporal GIS Geographic Data Mining and Search Tools Data Content Standards and Design Templates Geospatial Metadata and Catalog Standards Software Trend Open-Source Software CAD/GIS Convergence Object-Oriented GIS Other Issues Privacy Data Ownership 7/13/

20 Laboratory Exercises in Getting to Know ArcGIS by Ormsby et al. Introduction to ArcGIS desktop Exploring ArcMap Exploring ArcCatalog Symbolizing features and rasters Classifying features and rasters Labeling features Querying data Joining and relating tables Select features by location Prepare data for analysis Analyzing spatial data Data projection in ArcMap 7/13/

21 Laboratory Exercises in Getting to Know ArcGIS by Ormsby et al. Building geodatabases Creating features Editing features and attributes Geocoding addresses Making maps from templates Making maps for presentation ArcGIS Survey Analyst Exercises by ESRI Organizing survey data in a database using ArcCatalog Displaying surveying data in ArcMap and performing surveying Computations Editing features with survey data 7/13/

22 Term Projects Term project allows the students to apply the theories and skills learned in the lectures and labs to solve surveying, land development and civil engineering problems. Here are some sample projects: Developing a land surveying database using GIS for an engineering company GIS-based collection and retrieval of bench mark data in the City of San Jose Identify available land in San Mateo County subject to the following conditions: Altitudes under 1600 feet Ground slope must be less than 15 degree No permanent water stream or lake Within one mile from a major road (highway/freeway) Bare land Develop a GIS database for fast access of client site information such as parcel shapes, block and lot numbers, nearby reference points, parcel elevation, etc. 7/13/

23 Homework Review the definitions and history of GIS. Find data sources for GIS, including local library, Internet, local and national meetings, and user groups. Discuss how civil engineers and land surveyors can benefit from using GIS. Explain how MPC, LIS and GIS fit together. Define the components of a database. Develop a sample data model for a cadastre. Down-load NGS data sheet and incorporate the control points into a GIS database Create a simple base map using the cadastral approach. 7/13/

24 Homework Create a simple cadastral overlay. Define raster and vector data. Create a environmental overlay Link the base map, cadastral overlay and environmental overlay together with GIS technology. Discuss the issues related to data accuracy, security, privacy and quality control. Study the FGDC standards. Identify a civil engineering problem and build a simple GIS for it. Discuss what would happen to GIS technology in ten years and how you deal with it. 7/13/

25 Evaluation Midterm and Final Exams: Lecture 50% Cover lectures and homework problems Lab 50% Solve practical problems with GIS software Lab Assignments Term Project Homework 7/13/

26 Summary This presentation discussed the details of a lower division GIS course for engineering and land surveying, including lectures, labs, term project, case studies, homework and evaluations. The course tries to strike a balance between GIS theories and practical GIS skills to accommodate both transfer and occupational students. Future improvements for the course may include better coordination between the lectures and lab and more engineering/surveying-specific examples and lab work. 7/13/

27 Acknowledgement The authors would like to acknowledge the ATE program of the National Science Foundation for their support in developing and implementing the course at Evergreen Valley College. 7/13/