GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005 NAME:

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1 1) A GIS data model using an array of cells to store spatial data is termed: a) Topology b) Vector c) Object d) Raster 2) Metadata a) Usually includes map projection, scale, data types and origin, resolution and accuracy. b) A system with an origin, distance metric, and axes used to locate a position in two- or three -dimensional space. c) A visual expression on a map of the relationship of distance on the ground and length on the map d) A set of methods whose results change when the locations of the objects being analyzed change 3) The advantages of using a database approach to storing geographic data include: a) Reducing redundancy b) Allowing multiple users c) Maintaining security d) Sharing data 4) The disadvantages of using a database approach to storing geographic data include: a) Reduced redundancy b) Single user performance often decreased in comparison with simple files c) Initial acquisition cost may be high d) Sharing data is facilitated e) A and B f) B and C g) None of the above 5) The best definition of map generalization is a) Placing two or more thematic maps in precise registration with the same scale, projections and extent b) Revisiting existing data to explore for new relationships using new and more powerful tools for analysis and display. c) A zone around a point, line, or area feature that is assumed to be spatially related to the feature d) The process of moving from one map scale to a smaller (less detailed) scale, changing the form of features by simplification, etc. 6) A view that shows the records of objects and attributes is called a: a) catalog view b) scatterplot view c) map view d) table view. 7) Raster data models are associated with a) Objects b) Fields c) Continuous data d) B & C e) A & B 8) Virtually all large GIS use DBMS because a) The spatial analysis capabilities of DBMS are so advanced b) The sophisticated cartographic display features c) DBMS provide controlled access to data for create, update, delete functions. d) DBMS restricts users to one at a time 9) A set of tables, each a two-dimensional list (array) of unique records containing attributes a) Relational database management system b) Object database management system c) Object-relational database management system d) All of the above 10) In a database table: a) Rows contain individual objects or features b) Columns contain individual objects or features c) Rows may be designated as keys to join tables together. d) All data stored at individual row, column intersections are referred to as foreign keys. Dr. Gregory Elmes Page 1 of 6 11/30/2006

2 11) The concept of normal forms a) Is associated with relational tables b) Was defined by Codd in 1970 c) Include five principles for the efficient and effective design of tables d) Improve the simplicity and stability of a database e) Reduce redundancy of tables by splitting them into sub-tables that are re-joined at query time. f) All of the above g) None of the above 12) A conceptual database model a) Defines the database schema for the computer b) Models the user s view of the world c) Matches concepts to specific geographic database types d) Includes all possible geographic representations 13) A one-dimensional object that begins and ends at topologically defined points is called a(n): a) 0-cell b) polygon c) node d) arc e) intersection 14) A map of the terrain and infrastructure for an area. a) Choropleth map b) Topological model c) Coordinate system d) Isopleth map 15) Combining two or more thematic maps in precise registration with the same scale, projections and extent is called: a) Generalization b) Map overlay c) Address matching d) Georeferencing 16) An algorithm is a computational device for a) solving complex spatial problems, such as the traveling salesman b) finding solutions that might be correct but we can t be sure c) speeding up an otherwise lengthy computation d) finding exact, correct solutions 17) A vector data model a) contains overlapping objects that have no spatial relationships between them b) makes map algebra possible c) stores data as grid cells, each cell storing one data value. d) is the only way to represent maps in a computer system 18) Which of the following is likely to influence GIS most in future? a) The Personal Computer b) Desktop applications c) Demand for paper maps d) Mobile / Wearable computers 19) Whose definition of a GIS includes A special case of information systems where the database consists of observations on spatially distributed features, activities or events, which are definable in space as points, lines, or areas"? a) IDRISI s b) US Geological Survey c) Paul Longley (class test) d) Ken Dueker e) This statement is not a definition of GIS 20) The practice of spatial analysis: a) Provides an objective view when our eyes might perceive pattern where there is none. b) Brings to light relationships that might otherwise be invisible. c) Turns spatial data into useful information d) Is the means of adding value to geographic data e) Requires both a computer and an intelligent user f) All of the above g) None of the above Dr. Gregory Elmes Page 2 of 6 11/30/2006

3 21) Seeking regularities and patterns in large quantities of complex data is known as: a) Deduction b) Normative analysis c) Data mining d) Descriptive summaries e) Hypothesis testing 22) The mean is a measure of: a) Dispersion b) Variation c) Central tendency d) Minimum aggregate travel 23) A system with an origin, distance metric, and axes used to locate a position in two- or three - dimensional space. a) Database management system b) Geographic Information System c) Coordinate system d) Design loop system 24) A buffer operation performed on a point usually creates a area a) Circular b) Triangular c) Sausage-shaped d) Hexagonal e) Rectangular 25) Thiessen polygons a) Enclose the area closest to each point b) Are used in interpolation c) Are also known as Voronoi Polygons d) Can be used to make Delaunay Triangles and TINs 26) Placing two or more thematic maps in precise registration with the same scale, projections and extent is called: a) Address matching b) Generalization c) Map design d) Map projection 27) Interoperability is a) The ability of GIS software to run with little difference from a user's perspective on any computer: b) The determination of centroid location c) Device dependence d) Ability to model different scenarios e) Object-relational database management system 28) One principle that underlies spatial interpolation is a) classifying data by quantiles b) Tobler s first law c) shading areal classes on a map d) A GIS process of intelligent guesswork 29) What are data about the data? a) Metric system b) Topological model c) Metadata d) Coordinate system e) Missing data 30) A digital orthophoto quadrangle is a) A topographical map b) Geocoded street data c) An air photo image corrected for topographic and other effects d) The product of address matching 31) A visual expression on a map of the relationship of distance on the ground and length on the map a) Legend b) Scale bar c) Map body d) Reality e) Direction indicator 32) Interpolation, optimal path selection, and slope / aspect calculation are all examples of what type of GIS function? a) management b) display c) retrieval d) storage e) analysis Dr. Gregory Elmes Page 3 of 6 11/30/2006

4 33) Which of the following is correct in regard to modeling? a) A process involving multiple stages b) Often used to emulate a real physical process c) Represents a cutting edge of GIS d) Frequently simulates dynamics using iterations 34) Longley et al characterize spatial analysis as in contrast to modeling a) Static, ne point in time b) Multi-stage, different points in time c) Implementing ideas and scenarios d) Experimenting with policy options 35) A collection of data organized in a systematic way to provide access on demand a) Data structure b) Data Model c) Data Analysis d) Database e) Data Record 36) A set of methods whose results change when the locations of the objects being analyzed change is the definition of: a) Interpolation b) Inverse distance weighting (IDW) c) Normative analysis d) Spatial analysis 37) SQL is: a) Is a standard b) used for querying relational databases c) used for selecting attributes that meet specified criteria d) Is more powerful when tables are linked c) Data Range d) Median value e) Location of a centroid 38 In modeling, temporal resolution is a) The time taken to reach a stable solution b) The shortest distance over which change is recorded c) The shortest time over which change is recorded d) A source of uncertainty e) A & C f) C & D 39 Spurious polygons may result from a) The same line on the ground appearing in two datasets b) Representations of the same line are rarely exactly the same c) polylines of the same boundary might have different numbers of points d) careful and precise digitizing e) all of the above 40 A heuristic is a computational procedure for a) finding a single, exact solution b) finding solutions that we are sure are correct c) calculating spatial statistics, such as the mean center d) working quickly on complex problems 41 Which term best represents the following statement: A set of methods whose results change when the locations of the objects change? a) Spatial analysis b) Topology c) Deductive reasoning d) Inductive reasoning e) Data mining 37 What does the standard distance of a spatial distribution measure? a) Central tendency b) Dispersion about the centroid Dr. Gregory Elmes Page 4 of 6 11/30/2006

5 42 In spatial analysis in a GIS environment, which of the following is the most important resource? a) Very complex mathematical methods b) An intelligent user collaborating with a powerful computer c) Methods whose results do not change with change in the location of objects under study d) Methods to make the explicit implicit 43 John Snow is known because he a) Is a famous Dutch cartographer b) Is a database expert c) Mapped the association of cholera deaths with drinking water d) Is a Japanese expert on Theissen polygons 44 A rule for the determination of distance a) Algorithm b) Interpolation c) Metric d) Normative methods 45 Which of the following are characteristic of measures of aspect: a) Cyclic measurement b) Records the direction of steepest slope c) Ranges from degrees d) Can be derived from a DEM by spatial analysis 46 Local, Focal, Global and Zonal Operations are associated with a) Cartographic modeling or map algebra b) Static models with no time steps or loops c) Barnes Wallis & modeling the effects of bombing on a dam d) Scaled, physical replicas of reality 47 A process of reasoning from the results of a limited sample to make generalizations about an entire population, a) Query b) Measurement c) Transformation d) Descriptive summary e) Optimization f) Hypothesis testing 48 A Varignon Frame a) Finds the point of minimum aggregate travel b) Calculates the mean center c) Summarizes the US population centroid d) Performs raster overlay 49 Gerrymandering is a) Manipulating a district s shape to achieve particular objectives b) A choropleth class definition scheme 50 Capturing the essence of a dataset in one or two numbers a) Query b) Measurement c) Transformation d) Descriptive summary e) Optimization f) Hypothesis testing Identify or describe the following acronyms: 51 IDW 52 DEM 53 SQL 54 P-i-P 55 DOQ 56 TIN 57 DBMS 58 MAT 59 USGS 60 O-RDBMS. Dr. Gregory Elmes Page 5 of 6 11/30/2006

6 Identify the six essential spatial analysis capabilities of a GIS identified in the Longley et al. text: From the following diagram: 67 Identify the arcs that form polygon #3 68 Identify the coordinates that form line #1 69 Identify the line(s) that form(s) polygon #6 70 Identify the coordinates that form(s) polygon #5 71 Which polygon is to the left of line #3 BONUS (2 points)? Dr. Gregory Elmes Page 6 of 6 11/30/2006

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