Lecture 11. Data Standards and Quality & New Developments in GIS

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1 Lecture 11 Data Standards and Quality & New Developments in GIS

2 Lecture 11: Outline I. Data Standards and Quality 1. Types of Spatial Data Standards 2. Data Accuracy II. New Developments/The Future of GIS 1. Future Hardware 2. Future Software 3. Future Research Issues 4. New Developments

3 Data Standards and Data Quality Spatial Data Standards: Methods for structuring, describing, and delivering spatially-referenced data. Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 1. Media Standards: The physical form in which data are transferred. 2. Format Standards: Data file components and structures. 3. Spatial Data Accuracy Standards: Document the quality of positional and attribute values stored in a spatial data set. 4. Documentation Standards: Define how we describe spatial data.

4 Data Standards and Data Quality Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 1. Media Standards: The physical form in which data are transferred. Drive Type Name The drive can: CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory Read CD-ROM and CD-R CD-R Compact Disk Recordable Read CD-ROM and CD-R. Write once on special disks named CD R CD-RW Compact Disk ReWritable Read CD-ROMs and CD-R. Write and re-write on special disks (CD-RW). CD s or DVD s External Hard Drives

5 Data Standards and Data Quality Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 2. Format Standards: Data file components and structures. USGS: ESRI: E00, shapefile, geodatabases SDTS: Spatial Data Transfer Standards

6 Data Standards and Data Quality Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 3. Spatial Data Accuracy Standards: Document the quality of positional and attribute values stored in a spatial data set. Ways to Describe Spatial Accuracy: Positional Accuracy - How close locations of objects represented in a digital data correspond to the true locations. Attribute Accuracy - Summarizes how different the attributes are from the true values. Logical consistency - Reflects the presence, absence, or frequency of inconsistent data. Completeness - Describes how well the data set captures all the features it is intended to represent.

7 Data Standards and Data Quality Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 3. Spatial Data Accuracy Standards: Document the quality of positional and attribute values stored in a spatial data set. Ways to Describe Spatial Accuracy: Positional Accuracy Positional Accuracy Standards 1:1,200 ± 3.33 feet 1:2,400 ± 6.67 feet 1:4,800 ± feet 1:10,000 ± feet 1:12,000 ± feet 1:24,000 ± feet 1:63,360 ± feet 1:100,000 ± feet

8 Data Standards and Data Quality Accuracy: How often or by how much data values are in error. How far is a spatial feature from its true location? Positional Accuracy Precision: How repeatable a process or measurement may be. How far is the set of repeat measurements from the average measurement?

9 Data Standards and Data Quality Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 3. Spatial Data Accuracy Standards: Document the quality of positional and attribute values stored in a spatial data set.

10 Data Standards and Data Quality Four Areas of Spatial Data Standards: 4. Documentation Standards: Define how we describe spatial data. A. Data documentation describes the source, development and form of spatial data. B. Metadata!

11 New Developments/The Future of GIS Future Hardware: GIS has incorporated advanced database techniques and will most likely continue to do so. The personal computer has allowed GIS to be applied to new fields and has improved GIS education. The mobility of portable GIS and GPS has revolutionized GIS use.

12 New Developments/The Future of GIS Future Software: Improvements to the user interface End to raster/vector debate Increased programming capability Increase in customized GIS applications Scientific visualization tools ( ) Spatial analysis tools (e.g. SPlus) Increased ability with computer networks Ability to create animated and interactive maps

13 New Developments/The Future of GIS Future Research Issues: Privacy will become a critical issue for GIS as use expands to legal applications. Data ownership will remain critical to GIS, with a delicate balance between public and private GIS data. Standardization of GIS education, creation of agreed upon standards for data use, analysis, and general GIS application.

14 New Developments/The Future of GIS Future Hardware: - Mobility and GPS Integration

15 New Developments/The Future of GIS Improved Remote Sensing

16 New Developments/The Future of GIS Internet Mapping Google Earth ESRI s ArcGIS Server

17 Geovisualization New Developments/The Future of GIS

18 New Developments/The Future of GIS Open Standards for GIS: Seeks to reduce technical barriers to sharing data and information. OpenGIS Consortium: Developed a framework to ensure interoperability. In the future, expect more emphasis on compliance with OpenGIS standards. Open Source GIS: Free software distributed with the source code. General Purpose GIS: GRASS, FMaps Web-Based GIS: Open Layers, Google Mashups

Lecture 12. Data Standards and Quality & New Developments in GIS

Lecture 12. Data Standards and Quality & New Developments in GIS Lecture 12 Data Standards and Quality & New Developments in GIS Lecture 12: Outline I. Data Standards and Quality 1. Types of Spatial Data Standards 2. Data Accuracy 3. III. Documenting Spatial Data Accuracy

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