Monitoring of Settlement Development Methodological Problems and Solutions in Germany

Transcription

1 Monitoring of Settlement Development Methodological Problems and Solutions in Germany Gotthard Meinel Leibniz Institute for Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER), Germany/Dresden

2 Overview LU-Problem Goals of LU-Monitoring Technical solution Some results Conclusion and outlook

3 Problem Land use development Problem? Continuous land use take-up Urban sprawl and landscape fragmentation Loss and degradation of soil New settlements on false location Not enough brownfield recycling Land use development not sustainable!

4 Goal LU Development - Goals in Germany Sustainability Strategy (2016) Restriction of land use consuming (<30 ha/day) No decrease of settlement density Decrease loss of open space per head Biodiversity Strategy (2007) More inside then outside development (3:1) Climate Action Plan 2050 (2016) Settlement area circular flow (no loss of open space until 2050) Many quantitative goals > many monitoring tasks

5 Goal Requirements on Land Use Monitoring Description of actual land use and its changes by indicators as up-to-date and accurate as possible Indicator values for all administration units up to municipalities, city districts and non-administration regions (e.g. flooding areas) Description of land use quality -> urban sprawl, landscape quality, soil sealing etc. Measure of building density, infill potential of built-up areas etc.

6 Goal Comparison of LU-Monitoring Technologies Data Source Image classification Satellite or Orthoimages Manuel Survey Ground truth or Orthoimages Topographic Geo Data Sets Digital Land use Modell Cadaster (only Buildings) Only Building Footprint Data Collection time low high high high Covering complete sample points complete complete Calculation method Automatic classification Statistic analysis GIS- Analyses GIS- Analyses Processing time high low low middle Topicality middle middle middle high Spatial resolution high low middle high Temporal resolution high low low - Thematic accuracy low high middle -

7 Goal Characterization of Monitor of Settlement and Open Space Development (IOER-Monitor) Goal: Description of sustainability of development Focus land use und land cover Quantitatively and indicator based Coverage whole area of Germany High spatial resolution Visualization in Internet Spatial and temporal comparison of development on all administration units

8 Geo-Processing Input Data for IOER-Monitor Land use from Geotopographic Product Authorative Topographic-Cartographic Information System (ATKIS ) Topographic geo objects in scale 1: Block based land use information Traffic infrastructure (by lines) Boundaries of administration units Buildings from Authoritative Real Estate Cadastre Information System (ALKIS ) Thematic geo data sets: protected area (BfN), flooding areas (BfG), soil sealing raster (EEA) Statistical data sets (inhabitants, buildings, flats, GDP)

9 Geo-Processing Data Input: Geotopographic (ATKIS) Scale 1: classes Update cycle: 3-5 years, traffic lines <3 months

10 Geo-Processing Monitor of Settlement and Open Space Development Ecosystem services States Risk Buildings Regions Landscape Quality Districts Traffic structure Land use protection Open space structure Municipalities Cities successive processing of history forcastin Settlement structure Quarter Raster map up to 100 m 2000, 2006, 2008, since 2009 each year Indicator Topics Spatial Units Temporal Resolution

11 Geo-Processing Land use Scheme of IOER-Monitor Hierarchical concept Non-overlapping of LU classes (priority settlement classes) LU classes sum up to 100 % reference area Full redundancy-free land use classification

12 Geo-Processing Indicator Processing IOER-Monitor Input Data Geo base data sets Land use (ATKIS) Land cover (LBM-DE) Building (LoD1) Terrain (DGM10) Adm. borders (VG25) Thematic Geo Data sets Protected Area (BfN) Flooding areas (BfG) Soil Sealing (EEA) Statistic data (Destatis) Inhabitants ZENSUS-Raster Inhabitants GDP Data preparation Completeness of attribute Topicality analysis Projection align Import in geo data base Processing GIS-Script computation Indicator specific Geo data handling Intersection by administration Units Calculation statistics Publication www (maps, tables, graphs) WMS-Services Indicator calculation Calculation Data base import Plausibility check Results Data sets Vector data Raster data Tables Data Process Output

13

14 Geo-Processing Interactive maps Interactive tables Monitor Functions Indicator Development High resolution raster maps Administration profiles Statistical Reports/Histograms

15 Results Prozent Prozent Prozent Prozent Development of Land Use Settlement ,3 +0, Traffic areas Agriculture areas ,0 Wood ,

16 Results Building ground area in built-up area [%] (2010) State Building ground area in built-up area [%] Berlin 23,2 Baden-Württemberg 22,8 Hessen 22,8 Hamburg 22,3 Bremen 21,5 Rheinland-Pfalz 21,2 Nordrhein-Westfalen 21,1 Bayern 20,8 Saarland 20,6 Sachsen-Anhalt 18,9 Niedersachsen 18,4 Thüringen 18,3 Sachsen 17,7 Schleswig-Holstein 16,7 Brandenburg 14,8 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 13,3

17 Building ground area per Inhabitant Minimum: 26,85 m²/ew (B) Maximum: 97,25 m²/ew (BB) Minimum: 26,85 m²/ew (Berlin) Maximum: 163,36 m²/ew (Salzwedel) Mean: 77,5 m²/ew

18 Results Prozent Soil Sealing in Germany Base: Classified Satellite Data (Source: EEA) State Soil Sealing [%] Berlin 35,6 Hamburg 32,1 Bremen 30,9 Indicator calculation for all administrative Regions Nordrhein-Westfalen 9,8 Saarland 7,8 Sachsen 6,0 Baden-Württemberg 5,7 Hessen 5,5 Rheinland-Pfalz 4,6 Schleswig-Holstein 4,5 Niedersachsen 4,4 Bayern 4,2 Sachsen-Anhalt 3,8 Thüringen 3,7 Brandenburg 3,1 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2, City Soil Sealing [%] 1. Herne 45,6 2. München 45, Düsseldorf 35,9 11. Berlin 35, Leipzig 29,3 28. Dresden 28, Trier 15, Baden-Baden 6, Development of Soil Sealing, Germany

19 Results Prozent Example Flooding Risk Built-up area in flooding region (percent of whole flooding area) Sachsen NRW Deutschland 2015 Built-up area development in flooding areas

20 Conclusion and Outlook World wide land use take-up needs a accurate monitoring Topographic geo data sets in Germany are the best source for settlement monitoring Better understanding of complex LU-processes by combined processing of topographic, cadaster, remote sensing, environmental and statistic data sets Earlier land use development can calculate on base of old topographic maps Longtime Monitoring is one key for reach sustainable goals and a better assessment of planning instruments

21 Thank you for your attention! Invitation to International Land Use Symposium (ILUS) November in Dresden Call for papers: