UK Contribution to the European CORINE Land Cover

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1 Centre for Landscape andwww.le.ac.uk/clcr Climate Research CENTRE FOR Landscape and Climate Research UK Contribution to the European CORINE Land Cover Dr Beth Cole

2 Corine Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) Programme. Central part of the Pan-European component of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (Gio-Land) Proposed by the European Commission (EC) in Gather information relating to the environment within the European Union. Land cover component provides consistent localized geographical information. Supports variety of applications eg. Land cover, Coastal erosion, Biotopes, Spatial planning, Forest management etc. Overseen by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Topic Centres (ETC).

3 CORINE Land Cover (CLC) MMU 25 ha MFW 100 m 44 land cover / use classes

4 CLC nomenclature

5 CLC compared to local / national mapping CLC data (25 ha MMU, 100 m MFW) VHR generic land cover product (0.25 ha MMU, 4 m MFW) (SATChMo in GEOLAND 2)

6 Corine Land Cover production Standard approach On screen visual interpretation of changes from two dates of high spatial resolution (~30 m) satellite images. Change only updating. Alternatives Create more detailed CLC in MS and generalise. Generalise a non-clc compliant land cover product. Aggregate a range of national datasets. UK philosophy Maintain link to national land cover product Works when a national product is available

7 UK Approach: CLC1990, 2000 and 2006 Generalisation of National Land Cover map Recode Convert class names Direct correspondence, many-to-one, one-to-many, ambiguous. Aggregate Merge areas with the same class Generalise Remove areas smaller than the MMU Manually edit Particularly for land use classes Change mapping Cross compare with previous data and edit

8 UK Approach LCM1990, 2000, 2007 Land Cover Map of Great Britain 1990 Pixel based classification on 25 m grid Classes aligned to capabilities of EO data ArcView scripts for transformations Worked in raster domain, expert as objects Land Cover Map 2000 Object-based map, 0.5 ha MMU Mapped UK Broad Habitats Rasterised objects Used modified 1990 ArcView scripts Changes created automatically Stock and change layers manually edited Land Cover Map 2007 Object-based map, 0.5 ha MMU Mapped UK Broad Habitats Object-based generalisation Changes created automatically Stock and change layers manually edited LCMGB 1990 pixel based LCM2000 image segmentation LCM2007 object based

9 UK Approach 2007 High Resolution Image (20 m GSD)

10 UK Approach 2007 UK Land Cover Map 2007

11 UK Approach 2007 CLC2006

12 CLC UK Stock and change In 2006 an emphasis was placed on generating land cover change,and a change layer of units over 5ha was introduced to CLC

13 CLC Change analysis % of changes related to forestry.

14 UK Approach CLC2012 Change of approach in UK for CLC2012. CLC2012 is being produced under the technical guidelines of the EEA using visual interpretation of the IMAGE 2012 and IMAGE 2006 products. Result of the lack of UK national land cover mapping since the completion of the LCM2007. The mapping of CLC changes applies the change mapping first approach. The changes are interpreted directly based on reference images rather than differencing the two land cover products. This allows for more interpretation into the process of change that happened in reality; separating between technical and real change. Revision of CLC2006 is also being conducted during the interpretation process.

15 UK Approach CLC Source data: IMAGE 2006 SPOT-4 and IRS LISSIII (dual date) IMAGE 2012 Coverage 1: IRS LISSIII and Spot. Coverage 2: RapidEye. Start of extended window Start of narrow window End of narrow window End of extended window 1st April 1 st May 31 st July 30 th Sept. Revised: 1 st March N/A N/A Revised: 30 th Oct Coverage 2 acquires images at least 6 weeks outside this window to allow a temporal difference in the duel coverage allowing for phenological change in the image interpretation.

16 Problems/challenges of CLC2012 in UK Data Acquisition opportunities limited by cloud cover. Coverage image availability Areas of UK not got multi seasonal imagery. Footprints of all available Coverage1 images, with a cloud mask applied stacked to show distribution of available data

17 Problems/challenges of CLC2012 in UK Amount of revisions Major revisions have been made to the CLC2006 map during the production process of CLC2012 due to discrepancies in the interpretation as a result of changing methodologies. 100s per 100km tile

18 Problems/challenges of CLC2012 in UK Separation of the vegetation classes in the nomenclature, in particular discrimination between the arable, pasture and the natural grasslands. Rotation of crops Different phenology in images (don t have enough due to cloud) Overlapping descriptions in the nomenclature (eg hayfields/fodder crops both 231 and 211) Uplands also been a problem between 322 Moors and heaths and 412, peatlands British landscape fairly heterogeneous 243 whole of the UK?! Is this pasture (231) or should it be arable (211)? Aerial Photography

19 Status of production 77% Interpreted 70% Interpreted and internally verified 57% Corrections applied.

20 Conclusions UK has supported the CLC production, since 1990 Not played the game in terms of standard approach until 2012 Pursued bottom-up approaches, but been distracted by changing technology and UK land cover specifications no consistent generalisation. Amount of revisions in due to shift in methodology Automated methods suit CLC less because of the unique mix of Land Cover and Land Use in the nomenclature. Where can we go in the future?...belief in partial automation Sentinel 2

21 Centre for Landscape andwww.le.ac.uk/clcr Climate Research CENTRE FOR Landscape and Climate Research Any Questions?

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