Business Environment in a Global Context

Transcription

1 Business Environment in a Global Context Andrew Harrison OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

2 Contents List of Abbreviations List of Features How to use the Book How to use the Online Resource Centre xvii XXI XXVI xxviii PART ONE The Business Environment in a ChangingWorld The Business Environment: An Overview 3 2 Globalization ofthe Business Environment 27 3 The International Business Environment 56 4 The National Business Environment 91 5 The Regional Business Environment 126 PART TWO Key Dimensions ofthe Business Environment 6 Contrasting Cultures and Business Models 7 Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility 8 Internationalization of Business in achanging Environment 9 Markets and Competition 10 Technological Change 11 Risk in the International Environment PART THREE The Geopolitical Context 12 Europe: Unification, Crisis, and Beyond 13 Contrasting Developments in the Americas 14 Asia's Economic Potential 15 Africa's Struggle for Reform Glossary Index of Countries General Index

3 Detailed contents List of Abbreviations List of Features How to use the Book How to use the Online Resource Centre XVII xxi XXVI xxviii PART ON E The Business Environment in achanging World 1 The Business Environment: An Overview 3 11 The environment as an eclectic concept Organizations, strategy, and the environment Types of organization 7 14 Developments in the business environment Alternative approaches to analysis of the business environment 15 Summary 21 2 Globalizationofthe Business Environment Globalization as a process Drivers of globalization Globalization and the changing world order Global governance and the need for international regulation The impact of globalization The economics ofglobalizatlon Alternative perspectives on globalizatlon Implications of globalization at local, national, and international levels 48 Summary 48 3 The International Business Environment The international political context Nature and patterns of international business activity Regional integration Explanations of trade and investment Free trade and trade protection 'Fair trade' and 'trade justlce' 82 Summary 84

4 xiv DETAILED CONTENTS 4 The National Business Environment 4.1 Political and economic systems 42 The national institutlonal environment 43 Government policy priorities 4.4 The national economy and macroeconomic policy 45 Industrial structure and policy 46 Labour markets and labour market regulation 47 Business, the national economic environment, and globalization Summary 5 The Regional Business Environment 5.1 The regionallocation of industry 5.2 Regional impact analysis 5.3 Causes and consequences of regional disparities 5.4 Regional policy: alternative approaches 55 Sub-national regions and globalization Summary PART TWO Key Dimensionsof the Business Environment 6 Contrasting Cultures and Business Models The meaning and significance ofculture Culture and institutions The essentials of culture Methods of cultural assessment Cultural controversies Alternative socio-economic models Implications for business In the global economy 181 Summary Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Ethlcs and business Difficult issues in business ethics Concepts In business ethics Personal eth ics in busi ness Corporate social responsibility Responsibility for the natural environment Business ethics, voluntarism, and the law 209 Summary 210

5 DETAllED CONTENTS xv 8 Internationalization of Business in achanging Environment Motives for going international Multinational enterprises and the internationalization process Assessi ng the international environ ment Modes of international entry Theories of internationalization Internationalization and the business environment 239 Summary Markets and Competition Markets in the global economy The role and operation of markets The analysis of competition The need for regulation 270 Summary Technological Change Perspectives on technological change Sources of technological change Technology and economic performance The knowledge economy 295 Summary Risk in the International Environment Global and country risk in an uncertain world Risk in the business environment Analysis of risk in the global environment Country risk analysis Managing risk in an uncertain world 321 Summary 323 PART TH REE The Geopolitical Context 12 Europe: Unification. Crisis. and Beyond 12.1 Redrawing the map of Europe 12.2 The European Union 12.3 Transition in Russia and Eastern Europe 12.4 The future of European capitalism 12.5 European enigmas

6 xvi DETAILED CONTENTS 13 Contrasting Developments in the Americas The US economy, the US dollar, and the world economy US hegemony in international affairs NAFTA and prospects for inter-american free trade Regional integration in South America, Central America, and the Canbbean A new dawn for Latin America? Asia's Economic Potential Asia's political, economlc, and cultural complexities The rise and fall ofjapan? The Chinese phenomenon Indla's contrasting fortunes Regional integration in Asia and the Asia-Pacific Asian enigmas Africa's Struggle for Reform TheAfrican enigma Africa's contrasting regions Regional integration in Africa Constraints on Africa's economic development An African renaissance? 377 Glossary Index of Countries General index