Chapter5 5 3 Louisiana s Early People: Natives and Newcomers

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1 Name Date L E A P Poverty Point Economy (Page 1) Source Areas of Poverty Point Trade Materials A A A Copper Gray Northern Flint C Galena, Crescent Hills Chert D E Novaculite, Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz Crystal Citronelle Gravel C F Catahoula Sandstone G Soapstone, Schist H Tallahatta Quartzite I Pickwick Chert C D D I E F Poverty Point Although much is still unknown about the Poverty Point inhabitants, artifacts provide evidence that a cultural society existed between 2000.C. and 500.C. (see pages ). Evidence indicates the possibility that an organized society with religious and economic characteristics existed in the northeast corner of present-day Louisiana. 1. According to the Spotlight feature on Poverty Point (pages ) and the map, cite two artifacts that indicate trade may have occurred between the Poverty Point people and other distant cultures. H-1A-M2(64) H G Artifact Origin Use by Poverty Point Indians 2 Cites two plausible artifacts 1 Cites one plausible artifact 17

2 Name Date Poverty Point Economy (Page 2) 2. Which economic system was more likely practiced among the Poverty Point people and their trading partners, barter or mercantilism (pages 82-83)? Explain why. E-1A-M9(51) 2 Identifies correct system and states a plausible explanation 1 Identifies correct system, but does not provide a plausible explanation s or incorrect response 3. Using at least two of the economic terms listed below, describe the relationship that may have existed between the Poverty Point people and other societies. E-1A-M9(51), E-1-M7(58) Producer Consumer Goods Services Interdependent Specialization Export Import 4 Provides an accurate explanation (example) correctly (in context) using a minimum of two economic terms illustrating the relationship between the Poverty Point society and others 3 Provides a general explanation using the two economic terms (minimally addresses concept) 2 Provides an explanation using only one economic term correctly in context 1 Provides either an explanation without using economic terms or a general description with an (one) economic term s 18

3 Name Date L E A P Historic Tribes (Page 1) 1. Describe the geographic location and basic characteristics among the following historic tribes of pre-louisiana using the textbook and other sources. G-1-M1(5), G-1C-M3(11), H-1A-M6(70) Atakapa Tribe Location in Louisiana Cultural Characteristics Caddo Chitimacha Choctaw Houma Natchez Tunica 4 Provides six accurate geographic descriptions and a minimum of two plausible cultural characteristics per selected tribes 3 Provides five to six geographic descriptions and at least one cultural characteristic each 2 Provides three to four geographic descriptions and at least one cultural characteristic each 1 Provides one to two geographic descriptions and at least one cultural characteristic each s 19

4 Name Date Historic Tribes (Page 2) 2. Select one of the tribes listed in the chart above. Explain the probable relationship between the selected tribe s cultural characteristics and the influence that the geographic location had on that historical tribe. G-1-M2(6), G-1C-M3(11), H-1D-M4(78) Historic Tribe: Relationship: Geographic Location: 2 Provides an explanation (comparison) of the relationship between the selected tribe s cultural characteristics and its geographic setting 1 Provides a general statement relating the geographic and cultural characteristics of the selected tribe or confederation 0 No response or incomplete response or irrelevant responses 3. Describe two major effects and specific consequences in Native American culture that were altered by the arrival and settlement of the European settlers. H-1D-M4(78) 4 Provides an explanation of two effects with specific consequences 3 Provides an explanation of two effects without supporting details 2 Provides a statement with minimal explanation or a detailed explanation for only one effect 1 Provides a general to minimal statement for one effect 20

5 Chapter5 5 3 ANSWERS 5 Louisiana s Early People: Natives and Newcomers Poverty Point Economy (Pages ) enchmarks and GLEs E-1A-M9(51): Use economic concepts to explain historic and contemporary events and developments in Louisiana. E-1-M7(58): LEAP Describe historical and economic factors influencing the economic growth, interdependence, and development of Louisiana and the nation. H-1A-M2(64): Compare and contrast events and ideas from Louisiana s past and present, explaining political, social, or economic contexts. Key Concepts and Rubrics 1. According to the Spotlight feature on Poverty Point (pages ) and the map, cite two artifacts that indicate trade may have occurred between the Poverty Point people and other distant cultures. H-1A-M2(64) Concept: Provide evidence that trade between cultures existed. Possible Answers: Artifacts may include trade goods (text), magnetite and hematite stones (text), copper (text), exotic stones, or any of the materials listed on the chart. 2 Cites two plausible artifacts 1 Cites one plausible artifact 2. Which economic system was more likely practiced among the Poverty Point people and their trading partners, barter or mercantilism (pages 82-83)? Explain why. E-1A-M9(51) Concept: Relate previous key term to historical context. Answer: The more correct answer would be barter. The barter system was more simplistic and was based on exchanging items that were more abundant in another culture with an item that was scarce in Louisiana. (Mercantilism was more of an economic practice of the later centuries or characteristic of the colonial period.) 2 Identifies correct system and states a plausible explanation 1 Identifies correct system, but does not provide a plausible explanation s or incorrect response 3. Using at least two of the economic terms listed below, describe the relationship that may have existed between the Poverty Point people and other societies. E-1A-M9(51), E-1-M7(58) Producer Consumer Goods Services Interdependent Specialization Export Import Concept: Using terms to explain historical events. Answers will vary. A correct answer would require the appropriate use of respective terms in an historic scenario or a description indicating the trading between the Poverty Point people and another culture. 81

6 4 Provides an accurate explanation (example) correctly (in context) using a minimum of two economic terms illustrating the relationship between the Poverty Point society and others 3 Provides a general explanation using the two economic terms (minimally addresses concept) 2 Provides an explanation using only one economic term correctly in context 1 Provides either an explanation without using economic terms or a general description with an (one) economic term s Historic Tribes (Pages ) enchmarks and GLEs G-1-M1(5): Describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions. G-1-M2(6): Describe ways in which location and physical features have influenced historical events in Louisiana. G-1C-M3(11): Explain why humans settled and formed societies in specific regions. H-1A-M3(65): Analyze the causes, effects, or impact of a given historical event in Louisiana. H-1A-M6(70): Conduct historical research using a variety of resources, and evaluate those resources, to answer historical questions related to Louisiana history. H-1D-M4(78): Describe and analyze the impact of Louisiana s geographic features on historic events and settlement patterns. Key Concepts and Rubrics 1. Describe the geographic location and basic characteristics among the following historic tribes of pre-colonial Louisiana. G-1-M1(5), G-1C-M3(11), H-1A-M6(70) Note: Recommend using supplemental materials. Research to provide multiple characteristics related to cultural and geographical characteristics or provide the information in chart form to students through an activity of matching appropriate cultural characteristics with prescribed (given) geographic features to enable students to engage in questions 2 and 3. Atakapa Caddo Tribe Location in Louisiana Chitimacha Choctaw Houma Calcasieu/Southwest LA (Prairie, Swamps) Central to Northwest LA (Plains, Red River, Forest) South Central Coastal Area (ayous, Swamps, Marsh) Lands north of Pontchartrain (Hills, Rivers, Cross Country Trails) East Central LA (Mississippi River, Marsh, Swamps) Cultural Characteristics (recommend at least two per tribe) Semi-nomadic, mobile hunting bands, ritual cannibalism. Relied on wildlife (bison, alligator) as food source. Rode horses, hunted bison, traded horses. Agricultural (farmed), moved to Texas Oklahoma. Resided on farmed land, consumed shellfish and wildlife. Used river cane and palmetto for tools, baskets, homes, and used canoes, constructed elevated middens (mounds). Resided on farmed land, extensive trading. Well accepted language, made baskets. Farmed, hunted, fished, and trapped. Crawfish was totem. Were woodcarvers. Wattle and daub houses. Used local plants to weave baskets. Tattooing of face and body was common. Intermarried with other tribes. 82

7 Natchez Tunica East Central LA (Rivers and ayous, Mississippi River) East Central - Northeast LA (Multi-rivers, Crossroads) uilt mounds, made clay pottery. Resided on farmed land. Traded goods (e.g., salt, horses, flint). Farmed land. 4 Provides six accurate geographic descriptions and a minimum of two plausible cultural characteristics per selected tribes 3 Provides five to six geographic descriptions and at least one cultural characteristics each 2 Provides three to four geographic descriptions and at least one cultural characteristic each 1 Provides one to two geographic descriptions and at least one cultural characteristic each s 2. Select one of the tribes listed in the chart above. Explain the probable relationship between the selected tribe s cultural characteristics and the influence that the geographic location had on that historical tribe. G-1-M2(6), H-1D-M4(78), G-1C-M3(11) Concept: Effects of geography on Louisiana s historic tribes. Answers will vary. The student should demonstrate a plausible relationship between specific geographic features that reflect selected characteristics of a tribal culture. Examples may include the Caddo use of horses to follow and hunt bison herds in the plains, Tunica ability to trade via the multitude of bayous, the Natchez agricultural society on the alluvial soil of the Mississippi. 2 Provides an explanation (comparison) of the relationship between the selected tribe s cultural characteristics and the geographic setting 1 Provides a general statement relating the geographic and cultural characteristics of the selected tribe or confederation 0 No response or incomplete response or irrelevant responses 3. Describe two major effects and specific consequences in Native American culture that were altered by the arrival and settlement of the European settlers. G-1-M2(6), H-1A-M3(65), H-1D-M4(78) Concept: The effects of merging civilizations. Possible Answers: The influence of the European settlers on the Native American cultures may include (a) the decimation of the native population through disease and war; (b) forced removal from or encroachment on tribal land; (c) diffusion of European culture on tribal society (e.g., language, religion); or (d) merging of tribal nations. 4 Provides an explanation of two effects with specific consequences 3 Provides an explanation of two effects without supporting details 2 Provides a statement with minimal explanation or a detailed explanation for only one effect 1 Provides a general to minimal statement for one effect 83