Overview key concepts and terms (based on the textbook Chang 2006 and the practical manual)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Overview key concepts and terms (based on the textbook Chang 2006 and the practical manual)"

Transcription

1 Introduction Geo-information Science (GRS-10306) Overview key concepts and terms (based on the textbook 2006 and the practical manual) Introduction Chapter 1 Geographic information system (GIS) Geographically referenced data o Spatial data (geometry) Continuous features Discrete features o Attribute data (characteristics) Data models (data structure) o Raster data model (location-based) o Vector data model (entity-based) Georelational (e.g. shapefile) Relational database Projection Data exploration Geographic visualization GIS modeling 1 GRS-10306

2 Spatial concepts: Data models Chapter 3.1, 3.2 Chapter 5.1, 5.2 (except / 5.2.7), 5.3 (except / 5.3.3), 5.5, 5.6 Chapter 9 (except 9.2.1) Module 1 (Part 2: Working with ArcMap) Module 2 Data storage: digitizing and data structure The Vector data model Spatial data storage: Feature types o Point o Line o Area Georelational data model Shapefile Raster data model Discrete / continuous Zone / Region Spatial data storage: Structures o Cell-by-cell encoding Cell value o Integer o Floating point Cell size (resolution) Raster data o Satellite imagery Landsat SPOT o Orthophotos o DEMs o Raster graphics Conversion o Rasterization o Vectorization 2 GRS-10306

3 Attribute data and tables Attribute table o Field o Record o Unique identifier: ID Relational database o Normalization o Table relationships One-to-many Many-to-one One-to-one Many-to-many o Join o Relate Data type o Integer o Float o Text o Date Data scale (also known as measurement scale / attribute scale) o Categorical (qualitative) Nominal Ordinal o Numeric (quantitative) Interval Ratio 3 GRS-10306

4 Spatial concepts: Geo-data Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.4 (except / 6.4.5) Module 1 (Part 1: Working with ArcCatalog) Acquisition: existing data Clearinghouse Spatial data infrastructure Metadata Acquisition: new data GPS data Digitizing on-screen 4 GRS-10306

5 Spatial concepts: Georeferencing Chapter 2 (except / / 2.4.4) Module 3 Map projections Modeling the surface of the Earth Ellipsoid o Bessel 1841 (local ellipsoid, basis for Dutch RD system) o WGS84 (global ellipsoid) o Semiminor axis o Semimajor axis o Flattening Geoid o Geoid undulation Geographic coordinate system (coordinate system for ellipsoid) o Longitude / Latitude o Meridian / Parallel o Geographic coordinates: Angles Degrees-minutes-seconds Map projections: from spheroid to plane Map projection Projection types o by preserved metric property Conformal Equivalent Equidistant Azimuthal o by class Conic Cylindrical Planar (azimuthal) o by aspect Normal (polar in case of planar projection) Oblique Transverse (equatorial in case of planar projection) o by case (line of tangency: 1:1 scale) Simple Secant Map projection examples o Mercator (conformal, cylindrical, normal) 5 GRS-10306

6 o o o Transverse Mercator (conformal, cylindrical, transverse) Lambert (conformal, conic) Albert (equivalent, conic) Map projection parameters o Standard line (line of tangency) o Scale factor o Central line o False easting o False northing Projected (plane) coordinate system (coordinate system for map projections) o UTM Grid system (built on transverse Mercator projection, secant) o Dutch RD system (built on oblique stereographic projection, secant) o Cartesian coordinates: Distance (X,Y) 6 GRS-10306

7 Spatial Concepts: Geo-data visualization Chapter 10 (except / 10.5) Chapter 11.5 Module 4 Map presentation Cartography Data classification Map design / layout Visual variables (graphic attributes) Maps o o o by function Thematic (special purpose) General reference (general purpose) by type Choropleth Dot Dasymetric Isarithmetic by ArcGIS symbology (Map types) single symbol unique value graduated color graduated symbol proportional symbol chart Map design o Visual hierarchy o Contrast o Transparency 12 Steps to present a map (theory of Bertin) 7 GRS-10306

8 Data handling 1: Queries / Data-action model Chapter 11.2, 11.3, 11.4 Module 5 Queries Attribute data query o Structured query language (SQL) Boolean expression Boolean connectors o Relational database query Spatial data query o by graphic o by spatial relationship (topological query) Proximity (adjacency) Containment (fall within) Intersect Spatial join Raster data query Data-action model o Data-action model symbology 8 GRS-10306

9 Data handling 2: Transformations Chapter 7 (except / 7.3) Module 6 Transformations Georeferencing o Map-to-map transformation o Image-to-map transformation (a.k.a. image rectification) image registration geometric transformation o Affine transformation o Ground control points o Root mean square error Positional accuracy Resampling (thematic data) o Nearest neighbor o Bilinear interpolation 9 GRS-10306

10 Data handling 3: Operations Chapter 12 (except / / 12.4) Chapter 13 (except ) Module 7 Raster operations Module 8 Vector operations Vector data analysis Buffering Overlay o Point-in-polygon o Line-in-polygon o Polygon-in-polygon Intersect Union Identity o Map manipulation Dissolve Clip Eliminate Merge Raster data analysis Local operations o Single raster Mathematical functions o Multiple rasters Arithmetic operators Logical operators (TRUE / FALSE output) Cell statistics Overlay (Combine function) o Reclassification o Map algebra Neighborhood operations (focal operations) o Neighborhood statistics Zonal operations o Zonal statistics o Zonal geometry Global operations o Physical distance (Euclidean distance) 10 GRS-10306

11 o Physical distance measurement operation Raster data extraction Raster data generalization (Aggregate) Raster data management (Clip, Mosaic) 11 GRS-10306

12 Data handling 4: Surface analysis Module 9 Surface analysis Digital terrain modelling Surface Structure terrain surfaces o DEM Terrain mapping o Contour lines o Contour interval o Base contour Terrain variables o Slope gradient o Slope aspect Spatial interpolation Control points (also referred to sample points or observations ) Interpolation types o Deterministic models Interpolation methods o Inverse distance weighted o Spline (tension) Validation Background information Chapters 14 and 16 in provide more information about terrain mapping and spatial interpolation techniques for the interested reader. However, because of the technical character of these chapters they will not be part of the exam. 12 GRS-10306

Terms GIS GPS Vector Data Model Raster Data Model Feature Attribute Table Point Line Polygon Pixel RGB Overlay Function

Terms GIS GPS Vector Data Model Raster Data Model Feature Attribute Table Point Line Polygon Pixel RGB Overlay Function FINAL REVIEW FOR GIS (2016) PRACTICAL COMPONENT The first 40 mins of the exam will be open book and will require you to make a map using all the techniques learned over the semester. This map will be e-mailed

More information

GIS CONCEPTS ARCGIS METHODS AND. 2 nd Edition, July David M. Theobald, Ph.D. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University

GIS CONCEPTS ARCGIS METHODS AND. 2 nd Edition, July David M. Theobald, Ph.D. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University GIS CONCEPTS AND ARCGIS METHODS 2 nd Edition, July 2005 David M. Theobald, Ph.D. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Copyright Copyright 2005 by David M. Theobald. All rights

More information

GIS CONCEPTS ARCGIS METHODS AND. 3 rd Edition, July David M. Theobald, Ph.D. Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University

GIS CONCEPTS ARCGIS METHODS AND. 3 rd Edition, July David M. Theobald, Ph.D. Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University GIS CONCEPTS AND ARCGIS METHODS 3 rd Edition, July 2007 David M. Theobald, Ph.D. Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Copyright Copyright 2007 by David M. Theobald. All rights

More information

Version 1.1 GIS Syllabus

Version 1.1 GIS Syllabus GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS CERTIFICATION Version 1.1 GIS Syllabus Endorsed 1 Version 1 January 2007 GIS Certification Programme 1. Target The GIS certification is aimed at: Those who wish to demonstrate

More information

Map projections. Rüdiger Gens

Map projections. Rüdiger Gens Rüdiger Gens Coordinate systems Geographic coordinates f a: semi-major axis b: semi-minor axis Geographic latitude b Geodetic latitude a f: flattening = (a-b)/a Expresses as a fraction 1/f = about 300

More information

Map Projections. Displaying the earth on 2 dimensional maps

Map Projections. Displaying the earth on 2 dimensional maps Map Projections Displaying the earth on 2 dimensional maps Map projections Define the spatial relationship between locations on earth and their relative locations on a flat map Are mathematical expressions

More information

These modules are covered with a brief information and practical in ArcGIS Software and open source software also like QGIS, ILWIS.

These modules are covered with a brief information and practical in ArcGIS Software and open source software also like QGIS, ILWIS. Online GIS Training and training modules covered are: 1. ArcGIS, Analysis, Fundamentals and Implementation 2. ArcGIS Web Data Sharing 3. ArcGIS for Desktop 4. ArcGIS for Server These modules are covered

More information

Dr. ABOLGHASEM AKBARI Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP)

Dr. ABOLGHASEM AKBARI Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Workshop on : Dr. ABOLGHASEM AKBARI Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) 14-15 April 2016 Venue: Tehran, Iran GIS definitions GIS: A simplified view of the real

More information

Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL. Lecture-1 Chapters 1 and 2

Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL. Lecture-1 Chapters 1 and 2 Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL Lecture-1 Chapters 1 and 2 What is GIS? A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing and

More information

2. GETTING STARTED WITH GIS

2. GETTING STARTED WITH GIS 2. GETTING STARTED WITH GIS What are geographic information systems and what are they used for? ArcGIS: ArcMap, ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox Vector data vs. raster data vs. attribute tables Polygons, polylines,

More information

Projections and Coordinate Systems

Projections and Coordinate Systems Projections and Coordinate Systems Overview Projections Examples of different projections Coordinate systems Datums Projections Overview Projections and Coordinate Systems GIS must accurately represent

More information

Outline. Shape of the Earth. Geographic Coordinates (φ, λ, z) Ellipsoid or Spheroid Rotate an ellipse around an axis. Ellipse.

Outline. Shape of the Earth. Geographic Coordinates (φ, λ, z) Ellipsoid or Spheroid Rotate an ellipse around an axis. Ellipse. Map Projections Outline Geodesy and map projections Prof. D. Nagesh Kumar Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012, India http://www.civil.iisc.ernet.in/~nagesh Shape

More information

Intro to GIS Fall 2010 Georeferencing & Map Projections

Intro to GIS Fall 2010 Georeferencing & Map Projections Intro to GIS Fall 2010 Georeferencing & Map Projections SHAPE OF THE EARTH Earth's Shape Geoid: shape of earth minus topographic features (irregular due to local variations in gravity) Ellipsoid: elongated

More information

Introduction to Geographic

Introduction to Geographic Eighth Edition Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Kang-tsung Chang University of Idaho Mc Graw Hill Education Preface xiv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.1 GIS 2 1.1.1 Components of a GIS 3 1.1.2

More information

What is a map? A simple representation of the real world Two types of maps

What is a map? A simple representation of the real world Two types of maps Mapping with GIS What is a map? A simple representation of the real world Two types of maps Reference maps showing reference features such as roads, locations, political boundaries, cities etc. Thematic

More information

EnvSci360 Computer and Analytical Cartography

EnvSci360 Computer and Analytical Cartography EnvSci360 Computer and Analytical Cartography Lecture 3 Geodesy Map Projections, Datums, and Coordinate Systems 1 Geodesy The science of measuring and representing the shape and size of the earth, and

More information

Display data in a map-like format so that geographic patterns and interrelationships are visible

Display data in a map-like format so that geographic patterns and interrelationships are visible Vilmaliz Rodríguez Guzmán M.S. Student, Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Reference: James B. Campbell. Introduction to

More information

How does an ellipsoid differ from a sphere in approximating the shape and size of the Earth?

How does an ellipsoid differ from a sphere in approximating the shape and size of the Earth? Chapter 02 Test Bank Worksheet Questions 1. What is a map projection? Topic: Map Projection 2. How does an ellipsoid differ from a sphere in approximating the shape and size of the Earth? Topic: Ellipsoid

More information

The Elements of GIS. Organizing Data and Information. The GIS Database. MAP and ATRIBUTE INFORMATION

The Elements of GIS. Organizing Data and Information. The GIS Database. MAP and ATRIBUTE INFORMATION GIS s Roots in Cartography Getting Started With GIS Chapter 2 Dursun Z. Seker MAP and ATRIBUTE INFORMATION Data (numbers and text) store as files refer to them collectively as a database gather inform.

More information

12/26/2012. Geographic Information Systems * * * * GIS (... yrezaei

12/26/2012. Geographic Information Systems * * * * GIS (... yrezaei ( - Geographic Information Systems ( ( 1 2 3 Information System Data base DB IS IS DB (Knowledge ( ( (System (Information System - (Georefrence Analysis Data + Knowledge ======== Information 4 5 ( < 10%

More information

Geo Referencing & Map projections CGI-GIRS 0910

Geo Referencing & Map projections CGI-GIRS 0910 Geo Referencing & Map projections CGI-GIRS 0910 Where are you? 31UFT8361 174,7 441,2 51 58' NB 5 40' OL 2/60 Who are they? 3/60 Do geo data describe Earth s phenomena perfectly? Georeference systems ellipsoid

More information

Georeferencing. datum. projection. scale. The next few lectures will introduce you to these elements. on the Earth, you ll need to understand how

Georeferencing. datum. projection. scale. The next few lectures will introduce you to these elements. on the Earth, you ll need to understand how Georeferencing GOAL: To assign a location to all the features represented in our geographic information data In order to do so, we need to make use of the following elements: ellipsoid/geoid To determine

More information

Geographers Perspectives on the World

Geographers Perspectives on the World What is Geography? Geography is not just about city and country names Geography is not just about population and growth Geography is not just about rivers and mountains Geography is a broad field that

More information

Geog 469 GIS Workshop. Data Analysis

Geog 469 GIS Workshop. Data Analysis Geog 469 GIS Workshop Data Analysis Outline 1. What kinds of need-to-know questions can be addressed using GIS data analysis? 2. What is a typology of GIS operations? 3. What kinds of operations are useful

More information

Georeferencing. Place names Postal addresses Postal codes Coordinate systems (lat/long, UTM, etc.)

Georeferencing. Place names Postal addresses Postal codes Coordinate systems (lat/long, UTM, etc.) Georeferencing Georeferencing Used to describe the act of assigning locations to data or information Certain requirements include that they are: unique, have shared meaning, and are persistent through

More information

Geo Referencing & Map projections CGI-GIRS 0910

Geo Referencing & Map projections CGI-GIRS 0910 Geo Referencing & Map projections CGI-GIRS 0910 Where are you? 31UFT8361 174,7 441,2 51 58' NB 5 40' OL 2/60 Who are they? 3/60 Do geo data describe Earth s phenomena perfectly? Georeference systems ellipsoid

More information

Lab #3 Map Projections.

Lab #3 Map Projections. Lab #3 Map Projections http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/earth/geography/cartography/map-projections.jpg Map Projections Projection: a systematic arrangement of parallels and meridians on a plane

More information

Lesson 5: Map Scale and Projections

Lesson 5: Map Scale and Projections Organizing Data and Information Lesson 5: Map Scale and Projections Map Scales Projections Information can be organized as lists, numbers, tables, text, pictures, maps, or indexes. Clusters of information

More information

ch02.pdf chap2.pdf chap02.pdf

ch02.pdf chap2.pdf chap02.pdf Introduction to Geographic Information Systems 8th Edition Karl Solutions Manual Full Download: http://testbanklive.com/download/introduction-to-geographic-information-systems-8th-edition-karl-solutions-manu

More information

This week s topics. Week 6. FE 257. GIS and Forest Engineering Applications. Week 6

This week s topics. Week 6. FE 257. GIS and Forest Engineering Applications. Week 6 FE 257. GIS and Forest Engineering Applications Week 6 Week 6 Last week Chapter 8 Combining and splitting landscape features and merging GIS databases Chapter 11 Overlay processes Questions? Next week

More information

8.9 Geographical Information Systems Advantages of GIS

8.9 Geographical Information Systems Advantages of GIS 8.9 Geographical Information Systems A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system that is used in input, storage, analysis manipulation, retrieval, and output, of spatial data. These

More information

Spatial Data Analysis with ArcGIS Desktop: From Basic to Advance

Spatial Data Analysis with ArcGIS Desktop: From Basic to Advance Spatial Data Analysis with ArcGIS Desktop: From Basic to Advance 1. Course overview Modern environmental, energy as well as resource modeling and planning require huge amount of geographically located

More information

Shape e o f f the e Earth

Shape e o f f the e Earth 1 Coordinate Systems & Projections Coordinate Systems Two map layers are not going to register spatially unless they are based on the same coordinate system. 2 Contents Shape of the earth Datum Projections

More information

What is a Map Projection?

What is a Map Projection? What is a Map Projection? It is how we represent a three dimensional Earth on a flat piece of paper However The process of transferring information from the Earth to a map causes every projection to distort

More information

Lecture 4. Coordinate Systems & Projections

Lecture 4. Coordinate Systems & Projections Lecture 4 Coordinate Systems & Projections Outline Geodesy Geoids Ellipsoids Geographic Coordinate Systems Magnetic North vs. True North Datums Projections Applying Coordinate Systems and Projections Why

More information

Introduction to Geographic Information Science. Updates/News. Last Lecture. Geography 4103 / Map Projections and Coordinate Systems

Introduction to Geographic Information Science. Updates/News. Last Lecture. Geography 4103 / Map Projections and Coordinate Systems Geography 4103 / 5103 Introduction to Geographic Information Science Map Projections and Coordinate Systems Updates/News Thursday s lecture Reading discussion 1 find the readings online open questions,

More information

GEOREFERENCING, PROJECTIONS Part I. PRESENTING DATA Part II

GEOREFERENCING, PROJECTIONS Part I. PRESENTING DATA Part II Week 7 GEOREFERENCING, PROJECTIONS Part I PRESENTING DATA Part II topics of the week Georeferencing Coordinate systems Map Projections ArcMap and Projections Geo-referencing Geo-referencing is the process

More information

Understanding Projections for GIS

Understanding Projections for GIS Presented by John Schaeffer Juniper GIS Services, Inc. This PowerPoint is available at JuniperGIS.com Presentation Objectives To understand basic concepts on projections and coordinate systems for the

More information

A Basic Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ~~~~~~~~~~

A Basic Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ~~~~~~~~~~ A Basic Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ~~~~~~~~~~ Rev. Ronald J. Wasowski, C.S.C. Associate Professor of Environmental Science University of Portland Portland, Oregon 3 September

More information

Popular Mechanics, 1954

Popular Mechanics, 1954 Introduction to GIS Popular Mechanics, 1954 1986 $2,599 1 MB of RAM 2017, $750, 128 GB memory, 2 GB of RAM Computing power has increased exponentially over the past 30 years, Allowing the existence of

More information

Working with georeferenced data. What is georeferencing? Coordinate Systems. Geographic and Projected Coordinate System

Working with georeferenced data. What is georeferencing? Coordinate Systems. Geographic and Projected Coordinate System GIS501 Fundamentals of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Coordinate Systems Working with georeferenced data What is georeferencing? Geographically referenced data which is, in some way, referenced

More information

REFERENCING COORDINATE SYSTEMS MAP PROJECTIONS GEOREFERENCING

REFERENCING COORDINATE SYSTEMS MAP PROJECTIONS GEOREFERENCING GIS in Ecology SPATIAL REFERENCING COORDINATE SYSTEMS MAP PROJECTIONS GEOREFERENCING : :1 Where on earth? Early mapmakers recognized the need for a system that could locate features on the earth's surface.

More information

Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis, Chapter 10

Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis, Chapter 10 Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis, Chapter 10 Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis, Chapter 10.1 Introduction to GIS GIS Geographical Information System Spatial Data Data linked with geographical location

More information

Lecture 2. A Review: Geographic Information Systems & ArcGIS Basics

Lecture 2. A Review: Geographic Information Systems & ArcGIS Basics Lecture 2 A Review: Geographic Information Systems & ArcGIS Basics GIS Overview Types of Maps Symbolization & Classification Map Elements GIS Data Models Coordinate Systems and Projections Scale Geodatabases

More information

WHERE ARE YOU? Maps & Geospatial Concepts Fall 2015

WHERE ARE YOU? Maps & Geospatial Concepts Fall 2015 WHERE ARE YOU? Maps & Geospatial Concepts Fall 2015 Where are you? Relative location I m at school Absolute Location 45 26 18.07 122 43 50.78 Where is Boston? Introducing Geodesy, Ellipsoids & Geoids Geodesy

More information

Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL. Lecture-2 Chapters 3 and 4

Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL. Lecture-2 Chapters 3 and 4 Applied Cartography and Introduction to GIS GEOG 2017 EL Lecture-2 Chapters 3 and 4 Vector Data Modeling To prepare spatial data for computer processing: Use x,y coordinates to represent spatial features

More information

Plane coordinates ~~~~~~~~~~

Plane coordinates ~~~~~~~~~~ Coordinate Systems & Map Projections Geographic coordinates A Basic Introduction to Coordinate Systems & Map Projections Latitude & longitude Angles Parallels & meridians Lines Plane coordinates ~~~~~~~~~~

More information

Introduction to GIS I

Introduction to GIS I Introduction to GIS Introduction How to answer geographical questions such as follows: What is the population of a particular city? What are the characteristics of the soils in a particular land parcel?

More information

Introduction to Cartography GEOG 2016 E. Lecture-2 Geodesy and Projections

Introduction to Cartography GEOG 2016 E. Lecture-2 Geodesy and Projections Introduction to Cartography GEOG 2016 E Lecture-2 Geodesy and Projections What is Geodesy? The science of geodesy determines: Earth s shape and Interrelation of different points on earth s surface The

More information

Projections & GIS Data Collection: An Overview

Projections & GIS Data Collection: An Overview Projections & GIS Data Collection: An Overview Projections Primary data capture Secondary data capture Data transfer Capturing attribute data Managing a data capture project Geodesy Basics for Geospatial

More information

Georeferencing, Map Projections, Cartographic Concepts. -Coordinate Systems -Datum

Georeferencing, Map Projections, Cartographic Concepts. -Coordinate Systems -Datum Georeferencing, Map Projections, Cartographic Concepts -Map Projections -Coordinate Systems -Datum Map projection is "the process of systematically transforming positions on the Earth's spherical surface

More information

Importance of Understanding Coordinate Systems and Map Projections.

Importance of Understanding Coordinate Systems and Map Projections. Importance of Understanding Coordinate Systems and Map Projections. 1 It is extremely important that you gain an understanding of coordinate systems and map projections. GIS works with spatial data, and,

More information

WHERE ARE YOU? Maps & Geospatial Concepts Fall 2012

WHERE ARE YOU? Maps & Geospatial Concepts Fall 2012 WHERE ARE YOU? Maps & Geospatial Concepts Fall 2012 Where are you? Relative location I m at school Absolute Location 45 26 18.07 122 43 50.78 Datums Datums A reference surface of the Earth Used as the

More information

Geography 38/42:376 GIS II. Topic 1: Spatial Data Representation and an Introduction to Geodatabases. The Nature of Geographic Data

Geography 38/42:376 GIS II. Topic 1: Spatial Data Representation and an Introduction to Geodatabases. The Nature of Geographic Data Geography 38/42:376 GIS II Topic 1: Spatial Data Representation and an Introduction to Geodatabases Chapters 3 & 4: Chang (Chapter 4: DeMers) The Nature of Geographic Data Features or phenomena occur as

More information

Fri. Jan. 26, Demonstration of QGIS with GPS tracks. Types of data, simple vector (shapefile) formats

Fri. Jan. 26, Demonstration of QGIS with GPS tracks. Types of data, simple vector (shapefile) formats Fri. Jan. 26, 2018 Demonstration of QGIS with GPS tracks Types of data, simple vector (shapefile) formats Map projections, Coordinate Reference Systems Demonstration of QGIS with geologic map 1 Raster

More information

MAR-E1004 Basics of GIS: Georeferencing Jaakko Madetoja Slides adopted from Paula Ahonen-Rainio

MAR-E1004 Basics of GIS: Georeferencing Jaakko Madetoja Slides adopted from Paula Ahonen-Rainio MAR-E1004 Basics of GIS: Georeferencing Jaakko Madetoja Slides adopted from Paula Ahonen-Rainio Learning goals In this session you will learn To describe the basics of different types of referencing systems

More information

GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005 NAME:

GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005 NAME: 1) A GIS data model using an array of cells to store spatial data is termed: a) Topology b) Vector c) Object d) Raster 2) Metadata a) Usually includes map projection, scale, data types and origin, resolution

More information

Geographic coordinate systems

Geographic coordinate systems 1 Geographic coordinate systems In this chapter you ll learn about longitude and latitude. You ll also learn about the parts that comprise a geographic coordinate system including Spheres and spheroids

More information

EUROPEAN COMPUTER DRIVING LICENCE. GIS Cartography. Syllabus

EUROPEAN COMPUTER DRIVING LICENCE. GIS Cartography. Syllabus EUROPEAN COMPUTER DRIVING LICENCE GIS Cartography Syllabus Purpose This document details the syllabus for ECDL GIS Module 1 Cartography. The syllabus describes, through learning outcomes, the knowledge

More information

GISc Technician model. Diploma in GISc / Geoinformatics NQF level 6. Minimum 240 credits

GISc Technician model. Diploma in GISc / Geoinformatics NQF level 6. Minimum 240 credits GISc Technician model. Diploma in GISc / Geoinformatics NQF level. Minimum 20 credits The workforce and competency requirements of a GISc technicians is defined in terms of the Geomatics Act 19 of 2013,

More information

COURSE SCHEDULE, GRADING, and READINGS

COURSE SCHEDULE, GRADING, and READINGS COURSE SCHEDULE, GRADING, and READINGS Note: All academic classes will be held in the GIS lab at Royal Thimphu College. These dates are listed here. Other days will involve travel or days off, and the

More information

Basics of GIS. by Basudeb Bhatta. Computer Aided Design Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University

Basics of GIS. by Basudeb Bhatta. Computer Aided Design Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Basics of GIS by Basudeb Bhatta Computer Aided Design Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University e-governance Training Programme Conducted by National Institute of Electronics

More information

Introduction to Spatial Data Resources and Analysis for research in Urban Design and Planning

Introduction to Spatial Data Resources and Analysis for research in Urban Design and Planning Introduction to Spatial Data Resources and Analysis for research in Urban Design and Planning 2-day workshop notes 27-28 September 2004 Introductions please put on a name tag to help me know who you are

More information

Geospatial Science Fundamentals GGS (3 Credits) Fall Semester 2010

Geospatial Science Fundamentals GGS (3 Credits) Fall Semester 2010 Geospatial Science Fundamentals GGS 550-001 (3 Credits) Fall Semester 2010 Class Meets: Wednesdays, 4:30 p.m. - 7:10 p.m., 135 Innovation Hall Instructor: Dr. Douglas J. Wheeler Voice Mail: (703) 648-7577,

More information

Intro to GIS In Review

Intro to GIS In Review Intro to GIS In Review GIS Analysis Winter 2016 GIS A quarter in review Geographic data types Acquiring GIS data Projections / Coordinate systems Working with attribute tables Data classification Map design

More information

The Wildlife Society Meet and Greet. Come learn about what the UNBC Student Chapter of TWS is all about!

The Wildlife Society Meet and Greet. Come learn about what the UNBC Student Chapter of TWS is all about! Georeferencing I GEOG 300, Lecture 4 Dr. Anthony Jjumba 1 The Wildlife Society Meet and Greet Quiz Come learn about what the UNBC Student Chapter of TWS is all about! 5:30 7:30 PM, Wednesday September

More information

Map projections. Rüdiger Gens

Map projections. Rüdiger Gens Rüdiger Gens 2 Outline! Relevant terms! Why map projections?! Map projection categories " Projection surfaces " Features preserved from distortions! Map projection examples! Right choice Relevant terms!

More information

Delineation of Watersheds

Delineation of Watersheds Delineation of Watersheds Adirondack Park, New York by Introduction Problem Watershed boundaries are increasingly being used in land and water management, separating the direction of water flow such that

More information

Boolean Operators and Topological OVERLAY FUNCTIONS IN GIS

Boolean Operators and Topological OVERLAY FUNCTIONS IN GIS Boolean Operators and Topological OVERLAY FUNCTIONS IN GIS Query asking a question of the attribute data Standard Query Language (SQL) is used to query the data There are 4 basic statements used to get

More information

Susan Cutter et al. Aug, 2002, The Professional Geographer, 54(3): David Tenenbaum GEOG 070 UNC-CH Spring 2005

Susan Cutter et al. Aug, 2002, The Professional Geographer, 54(3): David Tenenbaum GEOG 070 UNC-CH Spring 2005 What is Geography? Geography is not just about city and country names Geography is not just about population and growth Geography is not just about rivers and mountains Geography is a broad field that

More information

Welcome to Lesson 4. It is important for a GIS analyst to have a thorough understanding of map projections and coordinate systems.

Welcome to Lesson 4. It is important for a GIS analyst to have a thorough understanding of map projections and coordinate systems. Welcome to Lesson 4. It is important for a GIS analyst to have a thorough understanding of map projections and coordinate systems. A GIS without coordinates would simply be a database like Microsoft Excel

More information

Map Projections. What does the world look like? AITOFF AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT BEHRMANN EQUAL AREA CYLINDRICAL

Map Projections. What does the world look like? AITOFF AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT BEHRMANN EQUAL AREA CYLINDRICAL Map Projections What does the world look like? AITOFF AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT BEHRMANN EQUAL AREA CYLINDRICAL 1 CYLINDRICAL EQUAL AREA BONNE CRASTER PARABOLIC 2 ECKERT I ECKERT III ECKERT V There are many

More information

Coordinate Systems. Location on earth is defined by coordinates

Coordinate Systems. Location on earth is defined by coordinates Coordinate Systems We think of the earth as a sphere It is actually a spheroid (ellipsoid), slightly larger in radius at the equator than at the poles Shape of the Earth Location on earth is defined by

More information

Software. People. Data. Network. What is GIS? Procedures. Hardware. Chapter 1

Software. People. Data. Network. What is GIS? Procedures. Hardware. Chapter 1 People Software Data Network Procedures Hardware What is GIS? Chapter 1 Why use GIS? Mapping Measuring Monitoring Modeling Managing Five Ms of Applied GIS Chapter 2 Geography matters Quantitative analyses

More information

Geometric Algorithms in GIS

Geometric Algorithms in GIS Geometric Algorithms in GIS GIS Software Dr. M. Gavrilova GIS System What is a GIS system? A system containing spatially referenced data that can be analyzed and converted to new information for a specific

More information

Lecture 2. Map Projections and GIS Coordinate Systems. Tomislav Sapic GIS Technologist Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University

Lecture 2. Map Projections and GIS Coordinate Systems. Tomislav Sapic GIS Technologist Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Lecture 2 Map Projections and GIS Coordinate Systems Tomislav Sapic GIS Technologist Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Map Projections Map projections are mathematical formulas

More information

GIS IN ECOLOGY: ANALYZING RASTER DATA

GIS IN ECOLOGY: ANALYZING RASTER DATA GIS IN ECOLOGY: ANALYZING RASTER DATA Contents Introduction... 2 Raster Tools and Functionality... 2 Data Sources... 3 Tasks... 4 Getting Started... 4 Creating Raster Data... 5 Statistics... 8 Surface

More information

+ = Spatial Analysis of Raster Data. 2 =Fault in shale 3 = Fault in limestone 4 = no Fault, shale 5 = no Fault, limestone. 2 = fault 4 = no fault

+ = Spatial Analysis of Raster Data. 2 =Fault in shale 3 = Fault in limestone 4 = no Fault, shale 5 = no Fault, limestone. 2 = fault 4 = no fault Spatial Analysis of Raster Data 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 3 + = 0 = shale 1 = limestone 2 = fault 4 = no fault 2 =Fault in shale 3 = Fault in limestone

More information

Projections Part I - Categories and Properties James R. Clynch February 2006

Projections Part I - Categories and Properties James R. Clynch February 2006 I. Introduction and References Projections Part I - Categories and Properties James R. Clynch February 2006 The world is, approximately, a sphere. Maps are flat. Making maps requires some method of putting

More information

GIS Fundamentals. Mohamed M. Mostafa, GIS Department Manager - ITI ITI

GIS Fundamentals.     Mohamed M. Mostafa, GIS Department Manager - ITI ITI GIS Fundamentals Mohamed M. Mostafa, GIS Department Manager - www.iti.gov.eg www.ngisc.gov.eg Introduction to GIS CONTENTS Preface Definitions GIS Components Spatial Data Representation Data Types Spatial

More information

How to Create Stream Networks using DEM and TauDEM

How to Create Stream Networks using DEM and TauDEM How to Create Stream Networks using DEM and TauDEM Take note: These procedures do not describe all steps. Knowledge of ArcGIS, DEMs, and TauDEM is required. TauDEM software ( http://hydrology.neng.usu.edu/taudem/

More information

GIS and Forest Engineering Applications FE 357 Lecture: 2 hours Lab: 2 hours 3 credits

GIS and Forest Engineering Applications FE 357 Lecture: 2 hours Lab: 2 hours 3 credits GIS and Forest Engineering Applications FE 357 Lecture: 2 hours Lab: 2 hours 3 credits Instructor: Michael Wing Assistant Professor Forest Engineering Department Oregon State University Peavy Hall 275

More information

Lab 1: Importing Data, Rectification, Datums, Projections, and Coordinate Systems

Lab 1: Importing Data, Rectification, Datums, Projections, and Coordinate Systems Lab 1: Importing Data, Rectification, Datums, Projections, and Coordinate Systems Topics covered in this lab: i. Importing spatial data to TAS ii. Rectification iii. Conversion from latitude/longitude

More information

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Lynn_Carlson@brown.edu 401-863-9917 The Environmental And Remote TecHnologies Lab MacMillan Hall, Room 105 http://www.brown.edu/research/earthlab/ Outline

More information

Spatial Analysis of Raster Data

Spatial Analysis of Raster Data Spatial Analysis of Raster Data 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 5 5 4 2 4 4 4 2 5 5 4 4 2 4 5 4 3 5 4 4 4 2 5 5 5 3 + = 0 = shale 1 = limestone 2 = fault 4 = no fault 2 =Fault in shale 3 =

More information

GIS IN ECOLOGY: ANALYZING RASTER DATA

GIS IN ECOLOGY: ANALYZING RASTER DATA GIS IN ECOLOGY: ANALYZING RASTER DATA Contents Introduction... 2 Tools and Functionality for Raster Data... 2 Data Sources... 3 Tasks... 4 Getting Started... 4 Creating Raster Data... 5 Summary Statistics...

More information

Lab 1: Importing Data, Rectification, Datums, Projections, and Output (Mapping)

Lab 1: Importing Data, Rectification, Datums, Projections, and Output (Mapping) Lab 1: Importing Data, Rectification, Datums, Projections, and Output (Mapping) Topics covered in this lab: i. Importing spatial data to TAS ii. Rectification iii. Conversion from latitude/longitude to

More information

Geoprocessing Tools at ArcGIS 9.2 Desktop

Geoprocessing Tools at ArcGIS 9.2 Desktop Geoprocessing Tools at ArcGIS 9.2 Desktop Analysis Tools Analysis Tools \ Extract Clip Analysis Tools \ Extract Select Analysis Tools \ Extract Split Analysis Tools \ Extract Table Select Analysis Tools

More information

Tutorial 8 Raster Data Analysis

Tutorial 8 Raster Data Analysis Objectives Tutorial 8 Raster Data Analysis This tutorial is designed to introduce you to a basic set of raster-based analyses including: 1. Displaying Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 2. Slope calculations

More information

1. Geospatial technology rarely links geospatial data to nonspatial data. a. True *b. False

1. Geospatial technology rarely links geospatial data to nonspatial data. a. True *b. False Chapter 2 Where in the Geospatial World Are You? 1. Geospatial technology rarely links geospatial data to nonspatial data. 2. For geospatial technology to work, every location on Earth must be: a. inhabited

More information

Map Projections 2/4/2013. Map Projections. Rhumb Line (Loxodrome) Great Circle. The GLOBE. Line of constant bearing (e.g., 292.

Map Projections 2/4/2013. Map Projections. Rhumb Line (Loxodrome) Great Circle. The GLOBE. Line of constant bearing (e.g., 292. The GLOBE ADVANTAGES Directions True Distances True Shapes True Area True DISADVANTAGES Very small scale with little detail. Costly to reproduce and update. Difficult to carry around. Bulky to store. FACTS

More information

Fundamentals of ArcGIS Desktop Pathway

Fundamentals of ArcGIS Desktop Pathway Fundamentals of ArcGIS Desktop Pathway Table of Contents ArcGIS Desktop I: Getting Started with GIS 3 ArcGIS Desktop II: Tools and Functionality 5 Understanding Geographic Data 8 Understanding Map Projections

More information

Chapter 6. Fundamentals of GIS-Based Data Analysis for Decision Support. Table 6.1. Spatial Data Transformations by Geospatial Data Types

Chapter 6. Fundamentals of GIS-Based Data Analysis for Decision Support. Table 6.1. Spatial Data Transformations by Geospatial Data Types Chapter 6 Fundamentals of GIS-Based Data Analysis for Decision Support FROM: Points Lines Polygons Fields Table 6.1. Spatial Data Transformations by Geospatial Data Types TO: Points Lines Polygons Fields

More information

ARCGIS PRO COURSE, APPLIED TO ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT GIS. Course. Training. .com

ARCGIS PRO COURSE, APPLIED TO ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT GIS. Course. Training. .com ARC PRO COURSE, APPLIED TO ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT TYC Training Course.com TRAINING OVERVIEW This Arc Pro online course will provide a great deal of information about the link between earth s ecosystems

More information

NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources Lesson 4 Map Projections

NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources Lesson 4 Map Projections NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources Lesson 4 Map Projections From http://www.or.blm.gov/gis/ 1 Geographic coordinates Coordinates are expressed as Latitude and Longitude in Degrees, Minutes, Seconds

More information

Mapping coordinate systems

Mapping coordinate systems Mapping coordinate systems 1. The Earth's Graticule Latitude and Longitude The graticule is the imaginary grid of lines running east-west (lines of latitude = parallels) and north-south lines of longitude

More information

Georeferencing. Where on earth are we? Critical for importing and combining layers for mapping

Georeferencing. Where on earth are we? Critical for importing and combining layers for mapping Georeferencing Where on earth are we? Critical for importing and combining layers for mapping 1. The Geoid Earth is not a perfect sphere, it is ellipsoidal.. earth is the 'Geoid'. The difference between

More information

GEO-DATA INPUT AND CONVERSION. Christos G. Karydas,, Dr. Lab of Remote Sensing and GIS Director: Prof. N. Silleos

GEO-DATA INPUT AND CONVERSION. Christos G. Karydas,, Dr. Lab of Remote Sensing and GIS Director: Prof. N. Silleos Christos G. Karydas,, Dr. xkarydas@agro.auth.gr http://users.auth.gr/xkarydas Lab of Remote Sensing and GIS Director: Prof. N. Silleos School of Agriculture Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 1 0.

More information

METADATA. Publication Date: Fiscal Year Cooperative Purchase Program Geospatial Data Presentation Form: Map Publication Information:

METADATA. Publication Date: Fiscal Year Cooperative Purchase Program Geospatial Data Presentation Form: Map Publication Information: METADATA CONTOURS Digital Geospatial Metadata: North Central Texas Orthophotography Identification Information Citation Originator: Publication Date: Fiscal Year 2001-2002 Title: Cooperative Purchase Program

More information

What should you consider concerning colors in maps in order to illustrate qualitative data, and quantitative data, respectively? Exemplify.

What should you consider concerning colors in maps in order to illustrate qualitative data, and quantitative data, respectively? Exemplify. 1, Cartography, 10 p (HA) _ When doing a map based on quantitative data you have for example to decide upon the classification. Three common classifications are Equal interval, Quantiles (percentiles)

More information