Syllabus Reminders. Geographic Information Systems. Components of GIS. Lecture 1 Outline. Lecture 1 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

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Allison Dalton
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Syllabus Reminders Geographic Information s Lecture

) and (2:30 3:30pm) or Appt 3. Email: burgerpr@unk.

1 Syllabus Reminders Geographic Information s Lecture Introduction to Geographic Information s. Class Info: 2. Office T / TH (8:00-9:30 a.m.) and (2:30 3:30pm) or Appt 3. burgerpr@unk.edu 4. Questions? Components of GIS I. INTRODUCTION TO GIS A. What is GIS?. Why is GIS Important? C. GIS Summation Definition

Our focus is on educating students on how to solve spatial problems by asking the correct methodological

2 GIS: A ic Approach to Problem Solving GIS is a : Hardware, Software, and are the most commonly mentioned. The most important are considered last or forgotten entirely: People and Methods. Our focus is on educating students on how to solve spatial problems by asking the correct methodological questions. Cartographic Model II. DATA STRUCTURE / DATA MODEL A. Raster. Vector III. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DATA MODELS Map-like layer 2

3 Study Area MAJOR GIS DATA MODELS MAJOR GIS DATA MODELS Raster/Grid pixel Vector/Polygon value with the same type of value per layer A A A MAJOR GIS DATA MODELS A A A A A A A A A C A A A C C C C C C A A C C C C C C C A C Reality overlaid with a grid 0 = No water = Water body 2 = River

4 Area = 6 Perimeter = 6 Area = 8 Perimeter = 22 IV. WHY IS GIS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER SYSTEMS? A. AM / FM (Automated Mapping and Facilities Management). Computer Cartography C. Computer Graphics D. CAD (Computer-Aided Drafting / Design) E. DMS (base Management ) F. Remote Sensing G. Statistics H. Convergence of Technology Fields OTHER TERMS USED FOR GIS Multipurpose Geographic Multipurpose Input Land Use Computerized GIS for Handling Natural Resources Inventory Image ased Information Spatial Management and Comprehensive Analysis OTHER TERMS USED FOR GIS Planning Information Resource Information Natural Resource Management Information Spatial Handling Geographically Referenced Information Geo-Information 4

OTHER TERMS USED FOR GIS Environment Information AGIS - Automated GIS Multipurpose Cadastre Land Information (LIS) AM / FM - Automated Mapping and Facilities Management CAD V.

5 OTHER TERMS USED FOR GIS Environment Information AGIS - Automated GIS Multipurpose Cadastre Land Information (LIS) AM / FM - Automated Mapping and Facilities Management CAD V. STEPS IN THE GIS PROCESS A. Capture. Register / Rectify Map C. Interpret D. Convert to Digital Format E. Store the F. Process the (Manipulation / Analysis) G. Display the Results Capture Satellite Imagery Aerial Photos Existing Registered Map Layers Existing Nonregistered Map Layers Existing ases Field Exams & Inventories Register Map ase Register to Quad Format Produce Registered Orthophotos Transfer to Registered Quad Map Format Interpret Interpret Spectral Classes Identify to store in database GIS Convert to Digital Format Digitize Store in Computer DMS Process Map Overlay Optimization Models Contouring Perspective Plotting Etc. Display Results Map Graph Text 5

How to make a Composite Map V. COMPONENTS OF GIS (Model) A. Spatial Attribute base. Cartographic Display C. Map Digitizing D. DMS E. Geographic Analysis F. Image Processing G.

6 How to make a Composite Map V. COMPONENTS OF GIS (Model) A. Spatial Attribute base. Cartographic Display C. Map Digitizing D. DMS E. Geographic Analysis F. Image Processing G. Statistical Analysis Maps Map Digitizing Images Image Processing Statistical Analysis Statistical Reports Encode Cyclical Process Retrieve Spatial ase Attribute ase Manipulate Geographic Analysis s COMPONENTS OF A GIS Cartographic Display Maps base Management Statistical Tabular Display Create Store 6

7 VI. MAJOR AREAS OF APPLICATION A. Street Network-ased. Natural Resource-ased C. Land / Parcel-ased D. Facilities Management-ased Major Areas of Practical Application Street Network - ased Address Matching Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Location Analysis Site Selection Development of Evacuation Plans Market Area Delineation / Analysis Service Areas / Territories Major Areas of Practical Application Natural Resource - ased Forest Management Wildlife Habitat, Migration Routes Management Recreation Resources Planning Floodplains Management Wetlands Preservation Agricultural Lands Management Groundwater Modeling and Contamination Tracking Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) Major Areas of Practical Application Viewshed Analysis Land Parcel - ased Zoning, Subdivision Plan Review Land Acquisition Environmental Impact Statements Water Quality Management Ownership Maintenance Cadastral Mapping 7

8 Major Areas of Practical Application Facilities Management - ased Locating Underground Pipes, Cables alancing Loads in Electrical Networks Planning Facility Maintenance Tracking Energy Use EERCISES / READINGS FOR THIS WEEK: GIS Field Handout Overview of GIS - Handout READINGS DUE FOR WEEK 2 Demers 4 th Edition Chapter : All Chapter 2: 35-43(stop at Spatial Location) and (begin Spatial Patterns) stop at Inferences Chapter 3: [start: Map Scale stop Cart Process] Chapter 6: 46-5(Remote Sensing to end) Chapter 4: Cartographic Overlay (33-36) 8

Geographical Information System (GIS) Prof. A. K. Gosain

Geographical Information System (GIS) Prof. A. K. Gosain gosain@civil.iitd.ernet.in Definition of GIS GIS - Geographic Information System or a particular information system applied to geographical data