Data driven approaches to Urban Planning Experience from Derry/Londonderry
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1 Data driven approaches to Urban Planning Experience from Derry/Londonderry Anna Rose RTPI Belfast 11 th of September 1
2 June 26 07:47AM 2
3 The value of the City The space of the city is a theatre: playing out everyday human activity. The purpose of this activity is interaction: social & economic. Any urban place is a trading engine: a hugely valuable asset. 3
4 The importance of movement in cities Five key discoveries Movement Land Use Value Crime Energy Health 4
5 Network connectivity is key for urban development Science Vale UK Homes and Communities Agency Space Syntax Limited 2018 Northern Ireland Planning Conference
6 Network connectivity is key for urban development Science Vale UK Homes and Communities Agency Space Syntax Limited 2018 Northern Ireland Planning Conference
7 Regional Networks 7
8 Integrated Urban Modelling Tombolo Project 8
9 Integrated Urban Modelling Urban Data Explorer 9
10 Combining Rail and Street network in a single spatial model UK GO Science Foresight for Cities Rail Infrastructure scenario testing Primary urban area network Core city Instead of city size, population and employment catchment within 60 minutes have been compared to evaluate rail infrastructure scenarios. Key city Other PUA Rail network 10
11 Combining Rail and Street network in a single spatial model UK GO Science Foresight for Cities Road network 2037 The network consists of more than 1.5 million segments with 4 categories of road, each with a different speed limit. Motorway A- road B- road Minor road Stoke Stoke 11
12 Combining Rail and Street network in a single spatial model UK GO Science Foresight for Cities Rail network 2037 The different railway categories correspond to different assumed speeds; High Speed railway (100 mp/h or 161km/h) Principal railway (60 mp/h or 97km/h) Local railway (30 mp/h or 48km/h) High Speed railway Principal railway Local railway Stoke 12
13 Combining Rail and Street network in a single spatial model UK GO Science HS2 and HS3 impact on employment access Base scenario Employment opportunities within 60 minute catchment from main stations. HS2 and HS3 impact Large increase of access to employment opportunities between urban areas 13
14 Opportunity Riding into central London above the railways 14
15 Potential Unlocking opportunities, beyond transport 8 min Average time benefit 30 min maximum benefit Improved connectivity of spatial network Site development potential An overground for cyclists? Spatial integration difference NAINTrN_Pr NAINTrN_Ex Increase No change Decrease SkyCycle SkyCycle entrance SkyCycle path Space Syntax Limited 2018 Northern Ireland Planning Conference
16 Integrated Urban Modelling Outcome oriented planning User focused outcomes Integrated Urban Model Open Data How many jobs can I get to in half an hour? Road network Public Transport Network Can I walk to a decent school or doctor? Pedestrian Routes Am I close to shops, cafes, parks? What is better for everyone? Land use Population Census Data Make better urban design and policy decisions by measuring how systems interact and impact activity patterns 16
17 General walkability Mixed land use The land use categories examined are: 1. Retail shops 2. Food shops & markets 3. Services 4. Community facilities 5. Open spaces 6. Leisure 7. Residential Designated town centres Number of different land use types within 5 minutes walking 17
18 Access to jobs Car dependency Car Dependence (Car access vs Walking/Bus Access) 18
19 SMART Space-led and user-focused tools for modelling and design Integrated Urban Modelling Sense Map Analyse React Test 19
20 The process begins by sensing the relevant data by collation, sourcing, observations, questionnaire design. SENSING MAPPING ANALYSING REACTING TESTING 20
21 By mapping the big data that places generate, their patterns of movement, land use, and social interaction are revealed. Map of movement. SENSING Space Syntax Limited 2018 MAPPING ANALYSING REACTING TESTING Northern Ireland Planning Conference
22 Analysing data using spatial algorithms reveals correlations that explain how urban performance is deeply influenced by the attraction of spatial layouts, land uses and transport connections. Components of pedestrian flow Spatial network The degree to which each space is connected to its wider context, which then facilitates or discourage pedestrian movement. Buildings / population land use patterns generate and attract pedestrian movement as destinations. Transport Public transport systems generate and attract pedestrian movement via their access points. SENSING MAPPING ANALYSING REACTING TESTING 22
23 Space Syntax s science-based, human-focused approach helps design teams react with better planning and design ideas. Image: Gehl Architects SENSING MAPPING ANALYSING REACTING TESTING 23
24 Predictive analytics allow the testing of ideas for physical and spatial change - removing a significant risk of functional failure... SENSING MAPPING ANALYSING REACTING TESTING 24
25 NAChn Mapbox, OSNI Spatial accessibility Regional route hierarchy Existing The spatial accessibility analysis highlights the route hierarchy of an area. Highly accessible streets are likely to attract more through-movement. Derry Eglinton Limavady This image shows a regional scale spatial analysis and highlights the large scale route structure across the model extent. These routes are the ones that relate to long distance vehicular flows and commuter s movement. Letterkenny Claudy Dungiven Ballybofey Strabane Maghera Castlederg Newtownstewart Spatial accessibility high Omagh Cookstown low Train station Study locations 25
26 Mapbox, OSNI Access to town centres 30 minutes drive Derry Eglinton Claudy Strabane Castlederg Newtownstewart Distance (in minutes) 0-5min 5-10min 10-15min 15-20min 20-25min 25-30min 26 Origin
27 NACh10k Mapbox, OSNI Spatial accessibility City-wide scale route hierarchy Existing 10km Foyle Bridge, Craigavon Bridge, Strand Road, Buncrana Road, Northland Roadm Limavady Road, Crescent Link are important links at city-wide scale. These are the routes that are likely to be used by vehicles. Rossdowney Road Spatial accessibility high Londonderry Station low Train station Walled City 28
28 10k_1200 Mapbox, OSNI Spatial accessibility Multi-scale Existing Land use analysis shows that multi-scale places (highlighted in red) are typically successful commercial locations. This demonstrates the importance of careful spatial layout design in creating multiscale opportunities for shops to trade to more than one scale of movement. These places, in combination with a strong local network (in blue) have the potential to create a strong pedestrian-led network of spaces. Multi-scale places also provide convivial and safe public spaces. Rossdowney Road Londonderry Station Highly accessible routes Primary route at both global and local scales Primary route at global scale Primary route at local scale (c.a. 15-minute walking distance) Train station 29
29 07:00-08:00 08:00-09:00 09:00-10:00 10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00 16:00-17:00 17:00-18:00 18:00-19:00 19:00-20:00 Pedestrian movement Daily distribution Weekday lunch time peak (305pph) Weekend afternoon peak (315pph) Weekday afternoon peak (284pph) Weekday all day average 201pph Overall, movement levels in the study area are similar both during the weekday (201pph) and the weekend (195pph). On both days movement displayed a typical pattern for a shopping and leisure area with a gradual increase in the lunch time 13:00 followed by an afternoon peak between 15:00 and 16:00, and ending with a decrease later in the evening. The movement levels have not been defined by employment as no work morning or evening peaks have been identified. Weekend all day average 195pph Weekday Weekend 30
30 Mapbox, OSNI Difference in pedestrian movement levels 2010 and 2018 Weekend All day average The level of increase along the riverside increases even more significantly on the weekend. Ulster University Magee Campus Brooke Park St. Columb s Park House Ebrington Square Foyleside Shopping Centre Londonderry Train Station Difference % Between Surveys 2010 and % and above +50% % 0% - +50% -50% % -100% and below Train station 31
31 Outcome-based approach People at the heart of planning and design Data-driven decision making Transparency, accountability, confidence Holistic approach to issues Collaboration across domain siloes 32
32 Thank you! 33
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