Heritage Counts! Economic Impacts of Cultural Heritage European Perspective - Presented by: Dr. Cornelia Dümcke, CULTURE CONCEPTS, Berlin, Germany

Transcription

1 Heritage Counts! Economic Impacts of Cultural Heritage European Perspective - Presented by: Dr. Cornelia Dümcke, CULTURE CONCEPTS, Berlin, Germany

2 The most significant shift in the heritage discourse concerns the cultural heritage. (CHCfE Report 2015) Copyright photo: Cornelia Dümcke, Portale della Certosa, Roma, 2014

3 3 Agenda Introduction (2) Definitions of CH Introduction (1) CULTURE CONCEPTS: what we do in the context of cultural heritage (CH) in Europe (4) Strategic questions & strategic dilemmas in policy making in the CH sector (in Europe) (3) Key findings: economic impact measurement Our literature review on CH in Europe: key findings Approaches for economic impact measurement of CH The impacts cloud Possible areas of impacts of CH The impact of missing data (5) Outlook Impacts and Spillover in the CH sector Get in touch Our contact details

4 Introduction (1)

5 About Us is an independent organization based in Berlin, founded in 1992 by Dr. Cornelia Dümcke providing research and consultancy services for clients in both the cultural and the development sector thematic specialisation focuses particularly on issues of culture and development, cultural economy, cultural tourism, as well as on the museum, theatre and festival market conducting projects in the context of the cultural economy on behalf of UNESCO, the European Commission ( the Council of Europe, and of international operating cultural foundations

6 About Us: Masterplans in the CH sector Arche NEBRA, Visitor Centre, Germany Masterplan 2004; Opening in 2007 Investment: 8 Mio. Paleon, Research and Visitor Centre, Germany Masterplan 2008; Opening in 2012 Investment: 15 Mio.

7 Introduction (2)

8 The impact of missing data Measuring economic impacts of cultural heritage is part of a broader debate, namely the valuation of cultural goods within the ecosystem of the cultural economy in the 21th century. It is an issue which concerns both different scientific disciplines and applied Copyright photo: Cornelia Dümcke, Museum Maastricht, 2015 research.

9 Definition of Cultural Heritage (CH) In the past, many definitions of what constitutes CH Since 1954 (UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property during Armed Conflicts), shifts in both the definition and the discourse Most significant shift in heritage discourse concerns the CH

10 Definition of Cultural Heritage (CH) Heritage Counts, 2015, page 37 According to contemporary research, CH consists of a wide and diversified array of past events, personalities, folk memory, mythology, literary associations, physical relics of the past, as well as places to which they can be symbolically linked This is why the understanding of heritage is dynamic in nature, being constantly interpreted and changed depending on the passage of time, the change of context, and the public s experiences and expectations Heritage does not belong to any given group, but it is open it belongs to all those who wish to identify with it

11 (3) Key findings: economic impact measurement of CH

12 Key Findings from our literature review on EU level 12 The demand for studying the economic and social value of cultural heritage, and for obtaining the appropriate data, has increased There are many different agendas in which the value of cultural heritage is current extensively under debate The economic value of cultural heritage has been studied on the national, regional and local levels The economic and social values of heritage are interrelated Unlike the economic value of cultural heritage, its social value is subject, mostly, to qualitative assessment

13 Key Findings from our literature review on EU level 13 The literature review has identified that the economic value of cultural heritage is currently assessed using conventional and well-known economic impact models Economic analysis of the Gross Value Added (GVA) by the CH sector Local Economic Impact Analyses (EIA) using an adapted multiplier Number of visitors to heritage sites and their gross visitor spending (private consumption) as well as other impacts Direct, indirect and induced effects that are calculated in terms of spending and employment creation Toolkits for the self-assessment of tourism impacts, employment impacts and impacts of spending on goods and services which relate to specific heritage institutions or sites

14 Economic impact of CH: 14 Market- and non-marked based Evaluation Methods Marked Based Non-Market Based Conventional economic and financial analysis: Business plan / cash flow Economic modelling (macroeconomic impact; Input/Output) Cost-Benefit Analysis Contingent valuation methods Choice modelling Regression Analysis: Hedonic Price Method Travel Cost Method Maintenance Cost Approach

15 Potential of CH for influencing the Labour Market Resource: Heritage counts 2015, page

16 Shift in the heritage discourse 16 Traditionally, cultural heritage was considered as property and emerged as an object of protection (1954 Hague Convention) The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention still applies to immovable property, such as monuments, sites and cultural landscapes Since Mid 90 th, the intangible in cultural heritage was increasingly mentioned and distinguished from the tangible (2003 UNESCO Convention on Intangible Heritage) 2005 UNESCO Diversity Convention More recently, in 2014, the Council of the European Union adopted Conclusions on cultural heritage as a strategic resource for a sustainable Europe which present a holistic approach to cultural heritage and the EU Commission adopted a document entitled Towards an integrated approach to cultural heritage in Europe

17 The impact cloud The Impacts cloud Presentation by Prof. Guido Guerzoni 13 th October, 2014, Rome

18 Impact assessment in the cultural sector 18 Over the past 40 years, Impact Studies have been increasingly successful in their attempts to measure changes that in the short and the long term are induced in certain areas by the presence of cultural institutions, activities and events 4 Hard 4 Soft 4 Area Economic (EIA = Economic Impact Assessment) Social (SIA = Social Economic Assessment) Environmental (EA / SEA = Environmental Assessment Strategic Environmental Assessment) Urban (TIA Territorial Impact Assessment) Educational Cultural Political Communication Local National Regional Global

19 Resource: Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe (CHCfE) Report 2015, page 17

20 Potential areas of CH impact (selection) 20 CHCfE Report 2015, page 58 und 59 Economic Social Cultural Environmental Image und Symbols Creation Visual Attractiveness Creativity and Innovation Sense of Place Cultural Landscape Education Skills Place Branding Labour Market Real Estate Market Gross Value added Return on investment

21 The impact of missing data Unfortunately, the following list of requisites is often not satisfied Entry data, such as per capita daily spending, number of visitors / participants, sociodemographic profiles etc. are often not available not reliable not standardized not comparable

22 Example on missing data: The museum sector evcrevr In 2012, the 19 th edition of Museums of the world published by De Gruyter counted 55,097 museums in 202 nations (Germany 2014: 6,500 museums plus around 500 exhibition paces) According to NEMO s (Network of European Museum Organizations) estimates, European museums are about 35,000, not considering exhibition spaces According to recent estimates, the number of museums is not lower than 80,000 and the number of exhibition spaces is unknown

23 Preconditions for impact assessment 23 In order to carry out properly any kind of impact study in the cultural sector - whatever it will be - some basic preconditions should be satisfied (based on own experiences): The methodological framework should be accessible, described and accepted by academics and practitioners Computation methods and models should be tested Software open and not proprietary Benchmarking and Performance Indicators evident and clear

24 Strategic questions

25 Strategic questions 25 It can be contested that there is already a comprehensive corpus of evidence for cultural heritage in Europe. Yet, it is obvious that economic arguments alone rarely, if ever, will be enough to embed cultural heritage in policy making. Several dilemmas to be identified: Cultural dilemmas System dilemmas Institutional dilemmas Resources dilemmas Participation dilemmas Story telling dilemmas

26 Outlook

27 New approach for impact assessment of CH in Europe (?) 27 As regards CH, what kind of changes can be obserced in the context of the European Union? Heritage-related research broadens its horizons Towards a more holistic approach to CH impact research Support the delivery of an integrated policy approach to heritage

28 Today, it is a widely accepted (management) principle that an activity that cannot be measured cannot be managed. How far this applies to the cultural heritage sector is a As data are the bedrock of public policy, matter of concern! my final message is: We cannot measure cultural heritage in an information society by using industrial society metrics! There is no one-size-fits-all solution to reach better measuring methods in terms of cultural heritage, and to make policy better. Copyright photo: Cornelia Dümcke, Entrance Museum, Roma, 2014

29 Get in touch

30 Dr. Cornelia Dümcke CULTURE CONCEPTS Berlin Moosdorfstraße 7-9 OUR OUR PHONE OUR WEBSITE (0)