Contents. 1 Introduction The Structure of the Book... 5 References... 9

Transcription

1 Contents 1 Introduction The Structure of the Book... 5 References... 9 Part I Conceptual Foundations 2 Sustainable Development Purpose and Content The Emergence of Sustainable Development The Formation of Environmental Movements The 1972 Stockholm Conference The 1980 World Conservation Strategy The 1982 Nairobi Meeting The World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development: The Rio Summit The 2002 Johannesburg Summit The 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) The Post-2015 Agenda Conceptualizing Sustainable Development Measuring Sustainable Development The Importance of a Holistic and Integrative Approach to Sustainable Development Conclusions References Planning for Transportation Purpose and Content Mobility and Travel Demand The Characteristics of Transportation Systems Transportation as Part of an Economic System ix

2 x Contents Transportation as an Open System with Inputs and Outputs Transportation as a Socio-technical System Transportation as an Integrated System Transportation in a Systems Hierarchy Systems Discussion Impacts of Transportation Environmental Social Economic Conclusions References Transportation and Sustainability Purpose and Content The Emergence of Sustainable Transportation From Stockholm (1972) to Rio (1992) The Commission of the European Communities 1992 Green Paper The President s Council on Sustainable Development ( ) International Sustainable Transportation Initiatives ( ) Rio+20 and the Post-2015 Agenda The Dimensions of Sustainability Applied to Transportation Holistic and Sector-Specific Definitions of Sustainable Transportation Conclusions References Governance and Decision-Making in Transportation Purpose and Content Governance The Role of Governance in Transportation Institutional Structures in Transportation Case Study: The English Multimodal Studies Key Elements in Transportation Decision-Making Processes Information and Governance Decision-Making Domains Planning Domain Delivery Domain Conclusions References

3 Contents xi 6 Indicators Purpose and Content What Is an Indicator? Terminology and Definitions Why Are Indicators Needed? What to Indicate? Disciplinary Approaches to Indicators Indicators for Sustainability and Sustainable Transportation Types of Indicators Indicator Typology: Based on Dimension Indicator Typology: Based on Message and Purpose Indicator Typology: Based on Timeframe and Position Indicator Typology: Based on an Organizational Production Process Developing and Selecting Indicators Key Issues in Developing and Selecting Indicators Criteria for Developing and Selecting Appropriate Indicators SMART Criteria for Goals Application of Indicators Conclusions References Frameworks Purpose and Content Introduction to Frameworks Drivers of Frameworks Overarching Frameworks Relevant to Transportation and Sustainability Transportation Appraisal Frameworks Environmental Policy Review and Reporting Sustainability Assessment Frameworks Performance Management Frameworks Framing Sustainability and Performance Together: An Example Toward Sustainable Transportation Frameworks Conclusions References Part II Case Studies 8 European Union Transport White Paper Background Framework

4 xii Contents 8.3 Indicators Used Indicator Applications Describe Review Diagnose Forecast Decide Discussion References High-Speed Rail in England Background Framework Indicators Used in the Appraisal of Sustainability Indicator Applications Describe Forecast Review Diagnose Decide Other Applications Discussion References New York s GreenLITES Rating Systems Background New York State s Environmental Initiative From Environmental Stewardship to Sustainability Frameworks and Indicators The GreenLITES Initiative Expanding the GreenLITES Program Leveraging Data to Champion Change with NYSDOT Indicator Applications Learn Decide Forecast Communicate Discussion References Japan s Eco-Model City Program Background Framework for Using Indicators in the EMC Program

5 Contents xiii 11.3 Indicators A: Implementation of Efforts B: Greenhouse Gas Emissions E: Spread and Extension of Ideas Indicator Applications Review Account Diagnose Learn Discussion References Conclusions Introduction Transportation and Sustainability Framing and Measurement Decision-Making Lessons from the Case Studies Who Should Drive Change? Looking Ahead Reference

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