Project ALLEGRO: ÚJV Group Activities in He-related Technologies

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1 Project ALLEGRO: ÚJV Group Activities in He-related Technologies L. Bělovský, J. Berka, M. Janák et al. K. Gregor, O. Frýbort et al. 9 th Int. School on Nuclear Power, Warsaw, Poland, Nov 17, 2017

2 Outline Projects supported by Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR) Mastering of simulation tools for GFR applications (CANUT) He purification & recovery, He sealing 1 st phase (CIPERA) Separation of noble gases (Xe, Kr) from He (TEQUILA) He recovery & He sealing 2 nd phase (REGNET) Projects supported from European structural funds He-loop S-ALLEGRO (by CV Rez) 1

3 Czech Projects supported by TAČR (1) TAČR TE CANUT - Centre of Adv. Nuclear Technology WP1 (UJV) ( , total budget WP1 to WP8: ~13 MEUR): Mastering & Application of GFR-applicable thermohydraulic, fuel and neutronic codes such as e.g. CATHARE, MELCOR, TRANSURANUS, ERANOS,. Certified methodology for formulation of acceptance criteria for evaluation of safety of a GFR demonstrator. Subvention to ÚJV in WP1: cca 0.52 MEUR TAČR TA CIPERA ( , total subvention: 1.33 MEUR): Technologies for gas purification and sealing for advanced applications in nuclear and non-nuclear energetic applications. Subvention to ÚJV/CVŘ: cca 0.07/0.73 MEUR TAČR TA TEQUILA ( , total subvention : 0.56 MEUR): Development of equipment for separation of noble gases from He (to be tested in the HTHL loop at CVR) Subvention to ÚJV: cca 0.35 MEUR 2 Note: TAČR Technology Agency of the Czech republic

4 Ongoing Czech Projects supported by TAČR (2) TAČR TH REGNET (alias CIPERA2) ( , MEUR): Joint leakage optimization and determination and helium recovery from coolant leakage in generation four helium cooled reactors. Subvention ÚJV(&EGP): cca MEUR Subvention CVŘ: cca MEUR 3

5 TAČR CANUT WP1 (1) WP1: Development of Tools & Construction of Experimental Facilities for New Generation of Reactors CVR: 1) Development & fabrication of an in-pile (LVR-15} channel for HTHL2 loop for material (corrosion, ) tests in prototypic VHTR/GFR conditions. CVR: 2) Development & fabrication of a cold-trap applicable for purification of lead-based coolants (ITER TBM, LFR) UJV: Safety of Gas-cooled Fast Reactors Mastering & Application of GFR-related thermohydraulic, fuel and neutronic codes such as e.g. CATHARE, MELCOR, TRANSURANUS. Certified methodology for formulation of acceptance criteria for evaluation of safety of a GFR demonstrator. 4

6 TAČR CANUT WP1 (2) UJV: Safety of Gas-cooled Fast Reactors Mastering & Application of GFR-related thermohydraulic, fuel and neutronic codes such as e.g. CATHARE, MELCOR, TRANSURANUS. MOX fuel properties for safety analyses of a GFR reactor (07/2016). Numerical simulation of selected transients in a GFR (09/2017). Numerical simulation of severe accidents in a GFR (03/2018). Neutronic analyses of fuel for fast reactors (12/2019). Certified methodology for formulation of acceptance criteria for evaluation of safety of a GFR demonstration reactor. Methodology for formulation of acceptance criteria for evaluation of safety of a GFR demonstration reactor (09/2018). Certification of the methodology for formulation of acceptance criteria for evaluation of safety of a GFR demonstration reactor (12/2019). 5

7 TAČR CIPERA Partners: CVŘ s.r.o, EVECO s.r.o, MICo s.r.o., ÚJV Řež a. s., VŠCHT Praha Three main GFR-related topics: Gas (He) purification & control applicable mainly for VHTR & GFR New sealings for flange joints for high p & T (He in GFR conditions) Pre-conceptual design of a system for He recovery from GFR guard vessel atmosphere (N2+He) 6

8 TAČR CIPERA: He purification & control (1) Laboratory adsorption experiments of typical HTR impurities from He: He + impurities (CO, CO2, CH4) p = 2, 4, 6, 8 MPa, Gas flow = 3 liters/min, T = 22 C Used adsorbents: Molecular sieves Active carbons 7

9 TAČR CIPERA: He purification & control (2) Laboratory adsorption experiments with heated adsorber (150 ºC) Catalytic oxidation: Routine procedure Multi-cycle adsorption: Tested were the most effective adsorbents only Including thermal regeneration Goal: To get experience with the methods 8

10 TAČR CIPERA: He purification & control (3) Experiments in the HTHL loop HTHL loop Impurities: H2, CO, CO2, CH4 Several adsorbers tested: Active carbons (~22 C) Molecular sieves (-70 C) Oxidizers (<300 C) Goal: To get experience with the technology Molecular sieves Low T adsorber unit 9

11 TAČR CIPERA: Sealings for flange joints Graphite-based sealings by MICo s.r.o. Efforts to increase heat resistance of this sealing in hot helium by dosing expanded graphite by means of boracic acid Ageing tests of sealing coupons in HTHL loop (760 ºC, 900 h, CO, H2, H2O, CH4 in He) Before exposure After exposure 10

12 TAČR CIPERA: System for He recovery (1) Experimental work Membrane separation of He from N2 Tested is polymer PRISM membrane (for max. 40 ºC) in a dedicated stand. Sufficient selectivity for He was confirmed. 11

13 He gain [c p /c f ] TAČR CIPERA: System for He recovery (2) Measured data on the PRISM membrane Inlet gas 10 vol. % He Inlet pressure [bar] Rel. flow rate 0.5P 1P 2P 4P 6P 12 c p helium concentration in permeate, c f helium concentration in inlet gas

14 TAČR CIPERA: System for He recovery (3) Pre-conceptual design work for ALLEGRO 13

15 TAČR CIPERA: System for He recovery (4) Layout of He recovery system (162 m2) 14 Membrane module

16 TAČR TEQUILA Goal: Removal of simulated gaseous fission products such as Xe and Kr from He Partners: ÚJV Řež a. s., VŠCHT Praha, ATEKO s.r.o., CVR s.r.o, Two main topics: Laboratory tests (at the VSCHT university) Functional sample of an adsorber cartridge for tests in HTHL loop (ATEKO, CVR) Project is going to successfully end in Dec

17 TAČR TEQUILA: Lab. tests at VŠCHT Univ. (1) Goal: Determine sorption process & capacity of adsorbers Mixture of Noble Gases: Adsorbents: He + Kr (470 μm 3 /m 3 ) - Silcarbon K - 48 He + Xe (1000 μm 3 /m 3 ) - Silcarbon C - 46 Adsorbent temperatures: 22 ºC, -40 ºC, -75 ºC Scheme of the laboratory stand: 16

18 TAČR TEQUILA: Lab. tests at VŠCHT Univ. (2) Example of sorption process Xe Kr C-36 K-48 17

19 TAČR TEQUILA: Lab. tests at VŠCHT Univ. (3) Example of sorption capacities - 75 C - 40 C + 22 C Xe Kr 18

20 TAČR REGNET Continuation of TAČR CIPERA Partners: CVR s.r.o, UJV Rez a. s., SKODA-JS a.s., MICo s.r.o. Two main GFR-related topics: Small-scale facility for testing and verification of He recovery from GFR guard vessel atmosphere (N2+He) using a membrane separation (09/2019) Conceptual & basic design, construction, testing, verification of the technology Pre-conceptual design of a full-scale He recovery facility for ALLEGRO Sealing for flange joints (helium in GFR conditions) (10/2020) Development of a graphite-based sealing Verification of the developed sealing (leakage rate) Project has just started... 19

21 Out-of pile He loop S-ALLEGRO (CV Řež, Pilsen) OP R&D&I Project SUStainable ENergy (SUSEN) Partners: CVŘ s.r.o. receptor of the subvention, operator of the loop ATEKO a.s. main loop supplier (ÚJV Řež a. s. designs & supplies the heating elements for ATEKO) Purpose: To study experimentally the efficiency of the DHR system Scenarios: LOFA, SBO, LOCA, Code validation (forced & natural circulation) Main characteristics: 1 MW el. heating, 7 MPa, max. 850 ºC, Main HX: He/He, DHR HX: He/water Budget: ~2.65 MEUR Two phases: I) One primary loop (blower), one DHR loop (no blower) II) Two primary loops (blower), three DHR loops (blower) Current status: Loop is close to be assembled & ready for testing 20

22 Experimental helium loop S-ALLEGRO (2017) with courtesy of Centrum výzkumu Řež (CVŘ) Parameters (I. phase) 1 primary loop 1 DHR loop I. and II. coolant Helium I. pressure 7 MPa Input el. power 1 MW (control from 0.5 %) Core input T 400 C Core output T 850 C He flow rate (I. loop) 0.5 kg/s (blower able to operate in the range of %) S-ALLEGRO II. phase 21

23 Systems & Components of the Loop Pressure vessel + electrically heated core 5 flanges enable to connect 2 primary and 3 DHR circuits 3 flanges remain blind (only 1 DHR & 1 prim. circuit now connected) Vessel: steel, Kanthal & ceramics used for el. heated core 22

24 Electrically heated core (by ÚJV Řež) Heating elements: Design, development & supply to ATEKO a.s. 23

25 Systems and Components of the Loop Primary heat exchanger 1 MW gas heat exchanger (helium / helium) Helical tube type T (primary): C T (secondary): C 2 flanges only - coaxial piping for both I. and II. Circuit and steel used 24

26 Systems and Components of the Loop Primary blower Nom. He flow rate = 0.5 kg/s Tin = +460 C Nominal compression 1 bar /min Gas bearings Mechanical power = 16.5 kw 25

27 Systems and Components of the Loop DHR loop(s) DHR (Decay Heat Removal): designed for 5% of nom. power DHR strategy is based on the following principles: Natural convection flow Governed by the He density & Height Important for the passive safety of ALLEGRO Forced convection flow Necessary for low pressure scenarios 26

28 Systems and Components of the Loop Two types of valves for coaxial piping Shut-off valve (I. circuit) Cross-flow valve (DHR circuit) Important role in the decay heat removal system 27

29 S-ALLEGRO Instrumentation Mass-flow In each loop Velocity DHR circuit I. and II. circuit RPV downcomer Temperature Coaxial piping 30x Reactor vessel 40x Pressure Primary circuit 2x Secondary circuit 4x DHR circuit 4x Reactor vessel 2x 28

30 S-ALLEGRO current status 29

31 S-ALLEGRO near-term exp. program at CVŘ Verification of stabilized parameters, nominal long-term operation System behavior under transient conditions Flow - Blower control % Power - heating regulation since 0,5% Pressure System of organized leakages Simulation of leaks up to LOCA conditions Gas injection system To enhance the cooling process DHR cooling Natural circulation (I. phase) Forced circulation (II. phase only) 30

32 S-ALLEGRO implementation - Schedule Installation, commissioning, handover 6/2017 Operational tests Reliability tests Training of the operators Experimental campaign under R4S project 7/2017 7/2018 Experimental program readiness since 3Q/2018 Experimental program after 3Q/2018: Formulation underway 31