CHEMISTRY FOR THE IB DIPLOMA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Transcription

1 10 rganic chemistry Revision checklist I am able to: explain, using an example, what is meant by the term homologous series sketch a graph of boiling point against number of carbons for the straight-chain alkane homologous series and explain the trend that is exhibited draw structural formulas for the straight-chain alkanes up to 6 work out the molecular formula and empirical formula of the alkane with 12 carbon atoms explain what is meant by the term structural isomers draw structural formulas and name all isomers with the molecular formula 614 draw structural formulas and name all alkenes with the molecular formula 612 write the molecular formula and identify the functional groups present in each of the following: 2 explain why alkanes are unreactive write balanced equations for the complete combustion of propane and butane write a balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of propane, producing write a balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of propane, producing soot write an equation for the reaction of methane with chlorine and state the conditions required for the reaction to occur write an equation for the reaction of ethane with bromine write out the mechanism for the reaction between methane and chlorine explain what is meant by the terms homolytic fission and free radical state the names of the two organic products of the monochlorination of propane draw the structure of but-1-ene write an equation for the reaction of but-2-ene with hydrogen write an equation for the reaction of but-2-ene with bromine explain how alkanes may be distinguished from alkenes in the laboratory write an equation using structural formulas for the reaction of but-2-ene with hydrogen chloride write an equation for the reaction of ethene with water write an equation using structural formulas to show the formation of a polymer from propene state the type of polymerisation reaction involved in the formation of the polymer above EMISTRY FR TE IB DIPLMA AMBRIDGE UIVERSITY PRESS RGAI EMISTRY 1

2 draw the repeat unit and monomer for the polymer shown: explain the economic importance of the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, hydration of ethene and polymerisation of alkenes write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol draw and name all the isomers of 410 that are alcohols classify each of the alcohols above as primary, secondary or tertiary state the reagent and conditions required for the oxidation of alcohols draw out and name the products of complete and partial oxidation (if any) of the alcohols drawn above write balanced equations for the complete and partial oxidation of ethanol explain the conditions that must be used to prepare an aldehyde from oxidation of a primary alcohol write an equation for the reaction of bromoethane with aqueous sodium hydroxide draw the structural formulas and name all the isomers of 49l state whether each of the halogenoalkanes above is primary, secondary or tertiary explain whether each of the halogenoalkanes above will react with aqueous sodium hydroxide via an S1 or S2 mechanism state the meaning of all the terms in S1 and S2 draw out S1 and S2 mechanisms for suitable halogenoalkanes reacting with aqueous sodium hydroxide complete the following table: omologous series Polarity alkane Intermolecular forces Boiling point Solubility in water non-polar van der Waals low insoluble alkene alcohol aldehydes/ketones carboxylic acid halogenoalkane 2 10 RGAI EMISTRY EMISTRY FR TE IB DIPLMA AMBRIDGE UIVERSITY PRESS 2011

3 fill in the reagents and conditions in the reaction scheme below: n design a reaction pathway for the conversion of but-2-ene to butanone L name the following compounds: state whether S1 or S2 reactions are generally faster explain whether 1-chlorobutane or 1-iodobutane will react more quickly with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution explain whether water or the hydroxide ion will react more rapidly with 1-bromobutane state and explain how and why the rate of S2 reactions depends on whether the halogenoalkane is primary, secondary or tertiary state and explain how and why the rate of S1 reactions depends on whether the halogenoalkane is primary, secondary or tertiary write an equation for the reaction of bromoethane with ammonia EMISTRY FR TE IB DIPLMA AMBRIDGE UIVERSITY PRESS RGAI EMISTRY 3

4 L draw the mechanism for the reaction of bromoethane with ammonia write an equation for the reaction of bromoethane with potassium cyanide draw the mechanism for the reaction of bromoethane with the cyanide ion write an equation for the reaction that occurs when propanenitrile is heated with hydrogen state the catalyst for the reaction above state under which conditions 1-bromobutane will undergo an elimination reaction write an equation for and give the mechanism for the elimination reaction above draw the structures of the organic products formed when 2-bromobutane undergoes an elimination reaction write an equation for the reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid and state the essential conditions for the reaction draw the structural formula of and name the ester formed when propanoic acid reacts with methanol write an equation for the reaction of ethanamine (ethylamine) with propanoic acid state the structural feature that must be present in monomers for them to be able to form condensation polymers write an equation using structural formulas to show the formation of a polymer from ethane-1,2-diol and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid write an equation using structural formulas to show the formation of a polymer from 1,6-diaminohexane and hexanedioic acid identify the monomers and the repeat unit for the polymer shown: give three examples of the economic importance of condensation reactions fill in reagents and conditions in the following diagram: RGAI EMISTRY 4 EMISTRY FR TE IB DIPLMA AMBRIDGE UIVERSITY PRESS 2011

5 L design a reaction pathway for the conversion of 1-chloropropane to butylamine (butan-1-amine) design a reaction pathway for the conversion of bromoethane to -ethylpropanamide explain what is meant by the term stereoisomerism explain what is meant by the term geometrical isomerism explain which of the following will exhibit geometrical isomerism: but-2-ene but-1-ene 3-methylpent-2-ene draw out the structures of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene, and explain which one is polar and which has the higher boiling point draw out the structures of cis- and trans-but-2-ene-1,4-dioic acid, and explain which has the higher boiling point describe a chemical reaction in which cis- and trans-but-2-ene-1,4-dioic acid behave differently draw the structures of the geometrical isomers of 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane and explain why they exist explain what is meant by the term optical isomerism draw clear three-dimensional diagrams showing the optical isomers of butan-2-ol state which of the following will exhibit optical isomerism: 1-bromobutane 2-bromobutane 32() explain what is meant by the terms enantiomer, chiral centre and asymmetric carbon atom explain what is meant by the term plane-polarised light explain how different optical isomers interact with plane-polarised light explain what a racemic mixture is describe the similarities and differences in the physical and chemical properties of enantiomers explain how a polarimeter may be used to distinguish between optical isomers explain whether cis- or trans-1,2-dichlorocyclopropane exhibits optical isomerism EMISTRY FR TE IB DIPLMA AMBRIDGE UIVERSITY PRESS RGAI EMISTRY 5