1 H; Na; Be All three correct = (2) 2 correct = (1)

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1 C A PRODUCTS FROM ROCKS Ca answers Page 26 Elements and the periodic tale H; Na; Be All three correct = (2) 2 correct = () Page 26 Atomic structure 2 C () 3 a i 6; 6; 6 All three correct = (2) 2 correct = () ii Electrons have no / negligile mass () i Cl () accept Cl 2 ii O () accept O 2 Page 27 Bonding D B C A Page 27 Extraction of limestone 2 a Calcium caronate (); marle () Rememer: 3 a (Any 2:) Only allow traffic during the day; only operate quarry during the day; use rail to transport limestone; uilding anks around the quarry to act as noise shadows Employment / jos / income for local shops () Check which grade you are working at. Page 28 Thermal decomposition of limestone Name of atom Symol Numer of atoms in formula Calcium Ca Caron C Oxygen a Calcium caronate calcium oxide () + caron dioxide () CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 () B () (3) Page 28 Uses of limestone 3 Mortar (); glass () 4 Stronger ()

2 C A PRODUCTS FROM ROCKS Ca answers Page 29 The last furnace 2 Caron monoxide; oxygen; reduction All three correct = (2) 2 correct = () Page 29 Using Iron 3 a 4% () It is softer (); easier to shape () Page 30 Using steel C () 2 a (Any 3:) Wrought iron contains the same type of atoms; atoms in wrought iron are in regular rows; atoms in steel are of different elements; sizes of atoms are different; rows are not regular in steel C D B A (Any 2:) Steel is harder; does not rust; steel is stronger; steel has a shinier finish Page 30 Transition metals 3 Copper (); manganese () 4 a Positive ions (); electrons () Electrons are involved in conduction (); they move () Page 3 Aluminium B D C A 2 Reactive; negative; gain All three correct = (2) 2 correct = () Page 3 Aluminium recycling 3 a (Any 2:) Spoiling of haitats / tree felling / ecosystem damage; urning trees leads to climate change; loss of living area for local people; health prolems due to mining e.g. dust; use of old mines as dumps (Any 2:) Thrown away with other waste; difficulty of sorting / collecting; attitude of people to recycling 2

3 C A PRODUCTS FROM ROCKS Ca answers Page 32 Titanium a Lower density; this means that the ikes will e lighter; corrosion resistant; this means that the frame will not rust or corrode (3) i Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound and titanium oxide is a covalent compound (); ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten, covalent compounds do not () ii Titanium has a melting point aove 900 ºC () Page 32 Copper 2 a Copper (); sulfur () 3 Oxidation () Page 33 Smart alloys a D C A B B D C A 2 a (Similar ecause:) Contain mainly metal atoms (); contain mixture of elements (); can e ent and stretched into different shapes (); (different ecause:) have a shape memory () Heating (); then cooling () Page 33 Fuels for the future 3 a Petrol is made from crude oil. Crude oil will run out ecause it is non-renewale. When petrol urns it makes caron dioxide and water. Caron monoxide comes from car exhaust due to incomplete comustion. More cars in cities, less chance for gases to spread out and away () Page 34 Crude oil Page 34 Alkanes 2 a i A () ii C B D A Does not have all single onds / has a doule ond (); contains oxygen / does not contain just hydrogen and caron () i B () ii () 3

4 C A PRODUCTS FROM ROCKS Ca answers Page 35 Pollution prolems D B A C Page 35 Reducing sulfur prolems 2 a 5 () Damage to trees / vegetation (); test the ph of the lake (); look for dead fish () 3 C only (2) 4 a Stops prolems with acid rain () Limestone must e quarried which can cause environmental damage () 4

5 C B OILS, EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE C answers Page 37 Cracking a Caron (); hydrogen () i Used for fuels (); fuels are needed in much larger quantities than road uilding materials or other chemicals () ii 2 C () Makes shorter chain molecules (); which have more uses / needed for fuels / used in larger amounts () Page 37 Alkenes 3 a C 5 H 0 () Page 38 Making ethanol All four correct = (3) 3 correct = (2) or 2 correct = () Ethene has a doule ond (); ethanol has OH / contains an oxygen atom () 2 a Fermentation (); using yeast () True for alkanes B C D Rememer: True for alkenes A Check which grade you are working at. Renewale means that the supply will not run out (); more sugar eet can e grown to produce more fuel (); it is called a iofuel ecause it is made from living things () Page 38 Plastics from alkenes 3 a B A C D i Structure B () ii Contains a doule ond () 5

6 C B OILS, EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE C answers Page 39 Polymers are useful a B () D () c (Any 2:) A has shorter chains; and so is more runny; molecules can move over each other more easily 2 a Does not soften at high temperatures (); very slippy so gives pans a non-stick coating () Melts at 00 ºC (); which is fine for hot drinks, ut would melt on a cooker () c Waterproof (); flexile whereas polyethene would crack () Page 39 Disposing of polymers 3 Page 40 Oil from plants a Nuts (); seeds () A () 2 Dissolves; distilled; oiling points All 3 correct = (2) 2 correct = () Page 40 Green energy 3 a Mixed with other oils / fuels (fuels that are mixed in are usually petrol) / fuels from crude oil () D B C A (Any 2:) Saves fossil fuels; idea that fossil fuels are not renewale / will run out; iofuels are renewale; they are greenhouse neutral c Petrol is non-renewale / will run out (); when it ecomes scarce it will e more expensive () 6

7 C B OILS, EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE C answers Page 4 Emulsions D C A B 2 a Type of emulsion Dispersed phase Continuous phase Shaving foam Air/gas Liquid After shave cream Water/liquid Oil/liquid (2) Do not mix together () Page 4 Polysaturates 3 a Contains all single onds / contains no doule onds () Contains lots of / many doule onds () c Type Olive oil Saturated fat Polyunsaturated oil Oservations Orange to colourless No change Orange to colourless Page 42 Making margarine a It is a runny liquid () Hydrogenation () 2 a (2) (2) Oil is heated (to 60 ºC) (); a nickel catalyst is used () Page 42 Food additives 3 a C B A D B () 7

8 C B OILS, EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE C answers Page 43 Analysing chemicals a Solvent should e pure / should not use a mixture of ink and water (); ink spot should not e elow level of solvent (); need to stop efore the solvent reaches the top of the paper () i B () ii B (); C () iii Chromatography () Page 43 The Earth 2 a Page 44 Earth s surface D () 2 Page 44 Earthquakes and volcanoes 3 a B D A C A C B D D C A B The continental plate is less dense ecause it rises on top of the oceanic plate () Page 45 The air A D C B 2 B () Page 45 Evolution of the air 3 a i The volcano is at over 000 ºC / at a very high temperature () ii The Earth cooled (); water vapour condensed (); to form the seas () i Caron dioxide () c ii Dissolving in sea water (); photosynthesis () (Any 2:) Does not contain oxygen; does not contain caron dioxide; contains large amounts of sulphur dioxide / hydrogen / caron monoxide 8

9 C B OILS, EARTH AND ATMOSPHERE C answers Page 46 Atmospheric change a Increased; melt; rise; extreme All four correct = (3) 3 correct = (2) 2 correct = () 2 a 3 a Crude oil (); limestone () c Activity Using CFCs Planting more trees Burning iofuels Burning fossil fuels Decreases amount Increases amount Does not affect of caron dioxide of caron dioxide amount of caron in air in air dioxide in air Short lived plants decay and return caron dioxide to the air (); trees live a long time and the caron dioxide is locked up in the wood for a long time while it rots away slowly () If the seas warm up, not as much caron dioxide will dissolve in them (); therefore, more caron dioxide would e released into the air () 9

Noadswood Science. Revision Cards. Science A (Core) Chemistry Basics.

Noadswood Science. Revision Cards. Science A (Core) Chemistry Basics. Noadswood Science Revision Cards Science A (Core) Chemistry Basics www.noadswoodscience.com How to use the revision cards It is suggested you cut the pack of cards out, so that there is a question on one