General Guidelines on Solubility
|
|
- Gwendoline Briggs
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 General Guidelines on Solubility Solubility is a measure of the maximum amount of substance (solute) that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a certain temperature. 1. The Dissolving Process General guideline: Like dissolves like If the type of bonding is similar between the solute and the solvent, there is a good chance that the solute will dissolve (the solvent bonds substitute for the bonds between the solute particles). Nonpolar substances dissolve best in nonpolar solvents (such as dry cleaning solvents, hexane) Polar substances dissolve best in polar solvents (like water, acetone). Substances that dissolve in water can either be: (a) an electrolyte - substance that dissolves to give an electrically conducting solution containing ions. e.g. NaCl(g) Na + (aq) + Cl (aq) (b) a non-electrolyte - substance that dissolves to give a non conducting solution containing only neutral molecules. They are produced from molecules (covalent bonds). No ions = no conductivity. e.g. C12H22O11 (s) C12H22O11 (aq) * Beware of acetate (CH3COO - ) and other organic ions. They will form ionic solutions. *
2 2. Degree of Saturation To determine solubility, one must first completely saturate a solution. Saturated Solutions At saturation, the maximum amount of solute will have dissolved and there will also be some undissolved solute present. In other words, the rate of dissolution = the rate of crystallization meaning equilibrium exists! Solubility: equilibrium concentration of a solute in solution at a given temperature (in other words, the concentration of a saturated solution). We show that a solution is saturated by writing an equilibrium equation. Ag2SO4(s) 2Ag + (aq) + SO4 2 (aq) Meaning, Solid Ag2SO4 dissociates into ions (dissolving reaction) Ag2SO4(s) 2Ag + (aq) + SO4 2 (aq) Ag + and SO4 2 ions come together to form Ag2SO4 (crystallization reaction) 2Ag + (aq) + SO4 2 (aq) Ag2SO4(s) Unsaturated Solutions Contain less than the maximum amount of substance which can dissolve Rate of dissolving > rate of crystallization No undissolved solute present Not at equilibrium Supersaturated Solutions Contains more than the maximum amount of solute Rate of dissolving < rate of crystallization Not at equilibrium
3 3. Solubility Curves Solubility curves can be used to tell how soluble a certain solute is at a certain temperature. On a solubility curve, the lines indicate the concentration of a saturated solution - the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at that specific temperature. Values on the graph below a curve represent unsaturated solutions. Values above a curve represent supersaturated solutions. For most substances, solubility increases as temperature increases. Here's an example of reading the chart. Find the curve for KClO3. At 30 C approximately 10g of KClO3 will dissolve in 100g of water. If the temperature is increased to 80 C, approximately 40g of the substance will dissolve in 100g (or 100mL) of water. Another example: What term - saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated - best describes a solution that contains 70g of NaNO3 per 100 ml H2O at 30 C? Find the curve for NaNO3. At 30 C a saturated solution would be able to dissolve approximately 95 g of NaNO3. Since there are only 70g in the solution, 25 more grams of NaNO3 could be added and it would all dissolve meaning the solution is unsaturated.
4 General Guidelines on Solubility is a measure of the amount of substance ( ) that will dissolve in a given volume of at a certain temperature. 1. The Dissolving Process General guideline: Like dissolves like If the type of bonding is between the solute and the solvent, there is a good chance that the solute will dissolve (the solvent bonds substitute for the bonds between the solute particles). Nonpolar substances dissolve best in solvents (such as dry cleaning solvents, hexane) Polar substances dissolve best in solvents (like water, acetone). Substances that dissolve in water can either be: (a) an electrolyte - substance that dissolves to give an electrically conducting solution containing. e.g. NaCl(g) Na + (aq) + Cl (aq) (b) a non-electrolyte - substance that dissolves to give a non conducting solution containing only molecules. They are produced from molecules (covalent bonds). No ions=no conductivity. e.g. C12H22O11 (s) C12H22O11 (aq) * Beware of acetate (CH3COO - ) and other organic ions. They will form ionic solutions. *
5 2. Degree of Saturation To determine solubility, one must first completely a solution. Saturated Solutions At saturation, the maximum amount of solute will have dissolved and there will also be some undissolved solute present. In other words, the rate of dissolution = the rate of crystallization meaning exists! Solubility: equilibrium concentration of a solute in solution at a given temperature (in other words, the concentration of a saturated solution). We show that a solution is saturated by writing an equation. Ag2SO4(s) 2Ag + (aq) + SO4 2 (aq) Meaning, Solid Ag2SO4 dissociates into ions ( reaction) Ag2SO4(s) 2Ag + (aq) + SO4 2 (aq) Ag + and SO4 2 ions come together to form Ag2SO4 ( reaction) 2Ag + (aq) + SO4 2 (aq) Ag2SO4(s) Unsaturated Solutions Contain than the maximum amount of substance which can dissolve Rate of dissolving > rate of crystallization No undissolved solute present Not at equilibrium Supersaturated Solutions Contains than the maximum amount of solute Rate of dissolving < rate of crystallization
6 3. Solubility Curves Solubility curves can be used to tell how soluble a certain solute is at a certain temperature. On a solubility curve, the lines indicate the concentration of a solution - the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at that specific temperature. Values on the graph below a curve represent unsaturated solutions. Values above a curve represent supersaturated solutions. For substances,. Here's an example of reading the chart. Find the curve for KClO3. At 30 C approximately 10g of KClO3 will dissolve in 100g of water. If the temperature is increased to 80 C, approximately 40g of the substance will dissolve in 100g (or 100mL) of water. Another example: What term - saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated - best describes a solution that contains 70g of NaNO3 per 100 ml H2O at 30 C? Find the curve for NaNO3. At 30 C a saturated solution would be able to dissolve approximately 95 g of NaNO3. Since there are only 70g in the solution, 25 more grams of NaNO3 could be added and it would all dissolve meaning the solution is unsaturated.
Name: Period: Date: solution
Name: Period: Date: ID: A Solutions Test A Matching Use the choices below to answer the following 5 questions. a. Hydrogen bond d. Electrolyte b. Polar molecule e. Nonelectrolyte c. Nonpolar molecule 1.
More informationChapter 12 & 13 Test Review. Bond, Ionic Bond
Chapter 12 & 13 Test Review A solid solute dissolved in a solid solvent is an Alloy What is happening in a solution at equilibrium? The Ionic rate of Bond dissolving is equal to the rate of crystallization.
More informationor supersaturatedsaturated Page 1
Solutions Unit #9 Chapter #11 A solution is a HOMOGENEOUS mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase. One constituent is usually regarded as the SOLVENT and the others as SOLUTES. 1 Definitions
More informationRegents Chemistry Unit 3C Solutions Text Chapter 13 Reference Tables F, G & T. Chemists have Solutions!
Regents Chemistry Unit 3C Solutions Text Chapter 13 Reference Tables F, G & T Chemists have Solutions! SOLUTIONS homogeneous mixture (uniform composition throughout) Solute - substance being dissolved
More informationCP Chapter 15/16 Solutions What Are Solutions?
CP Chapter 15/16 Solutions What Are Solutions? What is a solution? A solution is uniform that may contain solids, liquids, or gases. Known as a mixture Solution = + o Solvent The substance in abundance
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A solution containing a large concentration of dissolved ions can be classified as a(n).
More informationChapter 15. Solutions
Chapter 15 Solutions Key Terms for this Chapter Make sure you know the meaning of these: Solution Solute Solvent Aqueous solution Solubility Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated Concentrated Dilute 15-2
More informationGeneral Chem Solution.notebook. Solutions. Mar 12 8:19 AM
General Chem Solution.notebook Solutions Mar 12 8:19 AM 1 Solutions 2015 OBJECTIVES: 1. I can distinguish between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous solution. 2. I can list different solute solvent combinations.
More informationSolutions. Chapter 15
Solutions Chapter 15 How Solutions Form Two parts to a solution Solute - the solid part that is dissolved Solvent the part that does the dissolving Water is the universal solvent The dissolving process
More informationSolutions CHAPTER OUTLINE
Chapter 8A Solutions 1 CHAPTER OUTLINE Type of Solutions Electrolytes & Nonelectrolytes Equivalents of Electrolytes Solubility & Saturation Soluble & Insoluble Salts Formation of a Solid Precipitation
More informationSolutions. Why does a raw egg swell or shrink when placed in different solutions?
Solutions 1 Why does a raw egg swell or shrink when placed in different solutions? Classification of Matter 2 Some Definitions 3 If a compound is soluble it is capable of being dissolved. A solution is
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SOLUBILITY UNIT 3A SOLUBILITY THEORY. There are three classes of compounds which can form ionic solutions:
INTRODUCTION TO SOLUBILITY There are three classes of compounds which can form ionic solutions: Acids: HCl, H 2 SO 4, HNO 3 Bases: NaOH, KOH, NH 3 Chemistry 12 UNIT 3A SOLUBILITY THEORY Salts: NaCl, KMnO
More informationSolutions. LiCl (s) + H2O (l) LiCl (aq) 3/12/2013. Definitions. Aqueous Solution. Solutions. How Does a Solution Form? Solute Solvent solution
Solutions Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solute is dissolved in a solvent. solute is the substance being dissolved solvent is the liquid in which the solute is dissolved an aqueous solution
More informationCHAPTER 12 REVIEW. Solutions. Answer the following questions in the space provided. b. sea water. c. water-absorbing super gels
CHAPTER 12 REVIEW Solutions SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Match the type of mixture on the left to its representative particle diameter on the right. c
More informationH 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point
Unit 9: Solutions H 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point Water is a polar molecule. It experiences hydrogen
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 14 Solutions Lecture Outline
Chem 1075 Chapter 14 Solutions Lecture Outline Slide 2 Solutions A solution is a. A solution is composed of a dissolved in a. Solutions exist in all three physical states: Slide 3 Polar Molecules When
More informationSolutions. Solutions. How Does a Solution Form? Solutions. Energy Changes in Solution. How Does a Solution Form
Ummm Solutions Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent. Solutions The intermolecular forces
More information3) Accounts for strands of DNA being held together into a double helix. 7) Accounts for the cohesive nature of water and its high surface tension
AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 11) Multiple Choice (50%) Please use the following choices to answer questions 1-7. A) London dispersion forces B) Ion-ion attractions C) Dipole-dipole attractions D) Dipole-ion
More informationBrass, a solid solution of Zn and Cu, is used to make musical instruments and many other objects.
Brass, a solid solution of Zn and Cu, is used to make musical instruments and many other objects. 14.1 General Properties of Solutions 14.2 Solubility 14.3 Rate of Dissolving Solids 14.4 Concentration
More informationProperties of Solutions
Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength
More informationHonors Chemistry Unit 4 Exam Study Guide Solutions, Equilibrium & Reaction Rates
Honors Chemistry Unit 4 Exam Study Guide Solutions, Equilibrium & Reaction Rates Define the following vocabulary terms. Solute Solvent Solution Molarity Molality Colligative property Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
More informationProperties of Solutions. Review
Properties of Solutions Review Matter Pure substance Mixture of substances compound element homogeneous heterogeneous Solution Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
More informationExam 3: Mon, Nov. 7, 6:30 7:45 pm
Week 10: Lectures 28 30 Lecture 28: W 10/26 Lecture 29: F 10/28 Lecture 30: M 10/31 (Halloween Demo Show) Reading: BLB Ch 4.1, 4.5, 13.1 13.4 Homework: BLB 4: 3, 37, 72; Supp 4: 1 5; BLB 13: 7, 21, 23;
More informationH = Hydrogen atoms O = Oxygen atoms
CHEMISTRY CP Name: KEY Period: TEST DATE: Unit 8 Review Sheet KEY: Properties of Water, Solutions, Concentration, Acids and Bases PROPERTIES OF WATER 1. Define the following terms: polarity, surface tension,
More informationUNIT 8: SOLUTIONS. Essential Question: What kinds of properties affect a chemical s solubility?
UNIT 8: SOLUTIONS Essential Question: What kinds of properties affect a chemical s solubility? SOLUTIONS & THEIR CHARACTERISTICS (5) Most chemical reactions take place IN solutions 1. Homogeneous mixture
More informationWater & Solutions Chapter 17 & 18 Assignment & Problem Set
Water & Solutions Chapter 17 & 18 Assignment & Problem Set Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Water & Solutions 2 Vocabulary (know
More informationThe Solution to Solutions. Chemistry 2008
The Solution to Solutions Chemistry 2008 Content Objectives Chemistry swbat define various terms associated with solutions by viewing a PowerPoint and filling in cloze style notes. Chemistry students wbat
More informationWarm UP. between carbonate and lithium. following elements have? 3) Name these compounds: 1) Write the neutral compound that forms
Warm UP 1) Write the neutral compound that forms between carbonate and lithium 2) How many valence electrons do the following elements have? a) Chlorine b) Neon c) Potassium 3) Name these compounds: a)
More informationProperties of Solutions (electrolytes) Chapter 4.1. Solution process (energy changes)
Chapter 13 SOLUTIONS Properties of Solutions (electrolytes) Chapter 4.1 Solution process (energy changes) Solubility saturation supersaturation Factors that affect solubility intermolecular interactions
More informationLesson 01 and 02: Solutions, Solubility and Conductivity. 01 What is a Solution?
Solid Solvent Liquid Gas Chemistry 11, Solution Chemistry, Unit 08 1 Lesson 01 and 02: Solutions, Solubility and Conductivity 01 What is a Solution? Before we can talk about solubility it is important
More informationSECTION 8.2 THROUGH 8.8:
SECTION 8.2 THROUGH 8.8: The miscibility of liquids with water The miscibility of two liquids or the solubility of a solid in a liquid depends on the attractive forces that operate between the substances.
More informationSOLUTIONS. Homogeneous mixture uniformly mixed on the molecular level. Solvent & Solute. we will focus on aqueous solutions
SOLUTIONS Homogeneous mixture uniformly mixed on the molecular level Solvent & Solute we will focus on aqueous solutions SOLUTE-SOLVENT SOLVENT INTERACTIONS Why do solutions form? Processes occur spontaneously
More informationChemistry 121 Chapters 7& 8 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chemistry 121 Chapters 7& 8 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 22.4 L at STP. Which of the
More informationReference: Chapter 4 in textbook. PART 6B Precipitate. textbook
PART 6A Solution Reference: Chapter 4 in textbook PART 6B Precipitate Reference: Chapter 16.5 16.8 in the textbook 1 Solution Solute, Solvent, and Solution Saturated solution and Solubility Saturated solution:
More informationSolutions: Multiple Choice Review PSI AP Chemistry. 1. Which of the following would be FALSE regarding mixtures?
Solutions: Multiple Choice Review PSI AP Chemistry Name Part A: Mixtures, Solubility, and Concentration 1. Which of the following would be FALSE regarding mixtures? (A) Mixtures do not obey the law of
More informationK sp > K trial 1.0 > 0.50 Therefore this system must shift to the RIGHT to produce more products in order to achieve equilibrium
Chemistry 12 UNIT 3 SATURATION and PRECIPITATION SATURATED: -the state of a solvent in which no more solute will dissolve. The solubility of a solid will be limited: The solid will dissolve until the concentration
More informationSolutions Solubility. Chapter 14
Copyright 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Solutions Chapter 14 All rights reserved. 1 Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures Solvent substance present in the largest amount Solute is the dissolved
More informationStudent Review Packet Answer Key
Student Review Packet Answer Key 1. Label each of the following substances as either acid or base. a. NaOH base b. H 2 SO 4 acid c. H 3 PO 3 acid d. KOH base e. NH 3 base f. HCl acid g. LiOH base h. C
More information6.01 Solutions. The Chemistry of Matter in Water. Dr. Fred Omega Garces. Chemistry 111, Miramar College. 1 Solutions. January 10
6.01 Solutions The Chemistry of Matter in Water Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 111, Miramar College 1 Solutions 6.01 Solutions ow water Dissolves Salts 2 Solutions Components of Solution omogeneous systems
More informationExplain freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation at the molecular level.
Solutions 1 UNIT4: SOLUTIONS All important vocabulary is in Italics and bold. Describe and give examples of various types of solutions. Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble,
More informationChapter 11. General Chemistry. Chapter 11/1
Chapter 11 Solutions and Their Properties Professor Sam Sawan General Chemistry 84.122 Chapter 11/1 Solutions Solution: A homogeneous mixture. Solvent: The major component. Solute: A minor component. Copyright
More informationChapter 12. Solutions and Their Behavior. Supersaturated contains more than the saturation limit (very unstable)
Chapter 12 Solutions and Their Behavior Unsaturated holds less than maximum capacity at a given T Supersaturated contains more than the saturation limit (very unstable) Saturated maximum amount of solute
More informationStation 1 ACIDS, BASES, AND NEUTRALS Classify each statement as talking about an [A]cid, [B]ase, or [N]eutral. feels slippery.
Name Period Date / / Station 1 ACIDS, BASES, AND NEUTRALS Classify each statement as talking about an [A]cid, [B]ase, or [N]eutral. feels slippery CH3OH tastes sour H + donor KOH increases [OH - ] turns
More informationPart A Answer all questions in this part.
Part A Directions (1-24): For each statement or question, record on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question.
More information1. The colors of light in the Balmer series are produced when electrons move from a high energy state to a lower energy state.
Regents Review Workbook: Answers to Short Answer Questions Chapter 1: Introduction 1. The wax melts (solid liquid). or The candle cooled afterwards. 2. A flame is present. The candle is burning. 3. 2.13
More informationCh. 14/15 Prep-Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch. 14/15 Prep-Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The intermolecular forces between particles in a liquid can involve all of the following
More informationModern Chemistry Chapter 12- Solutions
Modern Chemistry Chapter 12- Solutions Section 1- Types of Mixtures Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in a single phase. Soluble describes a substance as capable of being dissolved.
More informationChap 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria. Hsu Fu Yin
Chap 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria Hsu Fu Yin 1 17.1 The Common-Ion Effect Acetic acid is a weak acid: CH 3 COOH(aq) H + (aq) + CH 3 COO (aq) Sodium acetate is a strong electrolyte: NaCH
More informationX Unit 14 Solutions & Acids and Bases
1 X Unit 14 Solutions & Acids and Bases I. Solutions All solutions are composed of two parts: the and the. o Solute o Solvent A solution may exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on the state of the
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 12 REVIEW Solutions SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Match the type of mixture on the left to its representative particle diameter on the right. solutions
More informationStation 1 ACIDS, BASES, AND NEUTRALS Classify each statement as talking about an [A]cid, [B]ase, or [N]eutral. B feels slippery
South Pasadena Honors Chemistry Name 4 Salts and Solutions Period Date / / Station 1 ACIDS, BASES, AND NEUTRALS Classify each statement as talking about an [A]cid, [B]ase, or [N]eutral. B feels slippery
More informationProperties of Aqueous Solutions
Properties of Aqueous Solutions Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in smaller amount is called the solute. The substance present in larger
More informationName: A Particle View of Solutions
Name: A Particle View of Solutions 1 Investigating Homogeneous Mixtures Do Now: Using your glossary, define the following terms: Homogeneous Mixture Solution Solvent Solute Solute Components of a Solution
More informationTake Home Semester 2 Practice Test for Acc Chem MM 15-16
Take Home Semester 2 Practice Test for Acc Chem MM 15-16 Thermochemistry 1. Determine ΔHrxn. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) a) 98.9 b) 98.9 c) 197.8 d) 197.8 ΔHf o SO2(g) 296.8 kj/mol SO3(g) 395.7 kj/mol O2(g)
More informationUnit 6 Solids, Liquids and Solutions
Unit 6 Solids, Liquids and Solutions 12-1 Liquids I. Properties of Liquids and the Kinetic Molecular Theory A. Fluids 1. Substances that can flow and therefore take the shape of their container B. Relative
More informationSolutions CHAPTER Solution Formation. Ch.16 Notes with notations. April 17, 2018
CHAPTER 16 Solutions 16.1 Solution Formation Solutions can be either solids, liquids, or gases Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that are grouped according to physical state. (mixtures = no bonding) The
More informationChemistry. Approximate Timeline. Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent.
Chemistry Name Hour Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 15 SOLUTIONS Day Plans for the day Assignment(s) for the day 1 Begin Chapter 15
More informationChapter 13. Characteristics of a Solution. Example of A Homogenous Mixtures. Solutions
Chapter 13 Solutions Characteristics of a Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solution is composed of a: Solute: the substance in lesser amount Solvent: the substance in greater amount Two liquid
More informationName Chemistry Pre-AP. Notes: Solutions
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Solutions Period I. Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) A. Attractions Between Molecules Attractions between molecules are called and are very important in determining the properties
More informationProperties of Solutions. Overview of factors affecting solubility Ways of expressing concentration Physical properties of solutions
Properties of Solutions Overview of factors affecting solubility Ways of expressing concentration Physical properties of solutions Learning objectives Define terms solute, solvent and solution Distinguish
More informationThe Water Molecule. Draw the Lewis structure. H O H. Covalent bonding. Bent shape
Water & Solutions 1 The Water Molecule Draw the Lewis structure. H O H Covalent bonding. Bent shape 2 Water What determines whether a molecule is polar? Is water a polar molecule? d- d+ d+ 1. Oxygen is
More informationMolar Mass to Moles Conversion. A mole is an amount of substance. The term can be used for any substance and 23
Molar Mass to Moles Conversion A mole is an amount of substance. The term can be used for any substance and 23 indicates the presence of 6.02 x 10 particles. (this is known as Avogadro s Number) Particles
More informationSolution = the term solution describes a system in which 1 or more substances are homogenously mixed or dissolved in another substance.
1 Chemistry 047: Solution Chemistry Chemistry 047 Solution Chemistry A. Solutions and solubility B. Conductivity of aqueous solutions C. Molecular polarity and H bonding discussed in last Unit D. Polar
More informationK sp > K trial 1.0 > 0.50 Therefore this system must shift to the RIGHT to produce more products in order to achieve equilibrium
Chemistry 12 UNIT 3 SATURATION and PRECIPITATION SATURATED: -the state of a solvent in which no more solute will dissolve. The solubility of a solid will be limited: The solid will dissolve until the concentration
More information11) What thermodynamic pressure encourages solution formation of two nonpolar substances?
AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 11) Class Set Multiple Choice (54%) Please use the following choices to answer questions 1-10. A) London dispersion forces (temporary dipole attractions) B) Ion-ion attractions
More informationEquation Writing for a Neutralization Reaction
Equation Writing for a Neutralization Reaction An Acid-Base reaction is also called a Neutralization reaction because the acid (generates H + or H 3 O + ) and base (generates OH ) properties of the reactants
More information9.01 Solutions. The Chemistry of Matter in Water. Dr. Fred Omega Garces. Chemistry 100, Miramar College. 1 Solutions. Aug 17
9.01 Solutions The Chemistry of Matter in Water Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 100, Miramar College 1 Solutions 8.01 Solutions How water Dissolves Salts 2 Solutions Components of Solution Homogeneous
More informationWarm Up. 1. What causes the high surface tension of water? 2. In the formation of a solution, how does the solvent differ from the solute?
Warm Up 1. What causes the high surface tension of water? 2. In the formation of a solution, how does the solvent differ from the solute? 3. Why are all ionic compounds electrolytes? 4. How do you write
More informationSolutions. Chapter 14 Solutions. Ion-Ion Forces (Ionic Bonding) Attraction Between Ions and Permanent Dipoles. Covalent Bonding Forces
Solutions Chapter 14 1 Brief Review of Major Topics in Chapter 13, Intermolecular forces Ion-Ion Forces (Ionic Bonding) 2 Na + Cl - in salt These are the strongest forces. Lead to solids with high melting
More informationChapter 9 Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures
Chapter 9 Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures Vocabulary -Substance -Heterogeneous mixture -Mixture -Homogeneous mixture -Solution Matter: Substances and Mixtures How do compounds and mixtures differ? Because
More informationMole ratio- conversion factor that relates what you have to what you want
Stoichiometry -Stoichiometry is the branch of science that deals with mass relationships between reactants and products. It uses molar and mass-mole ratios to find amounts. Steps: 1. Write a balanced chemical
More informationChem 110 General Principles of Chemistry
Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry Chapter 3 (Page 88) Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry In this chapter you will study chemical reactions that take place between substances that are dissolved
More informationA1: Chapter 15.2 & 16.1 Aqueous Systems ( ) 1. Distinguish between a solution and an aqueous solution.
A1: Chapter 15.2 & 16.1 Aqueous Systems (494-497) 1. Distinguish between a solution and an aqueous solution. A solution is any substance dissolved into another substance. An aqueous solution is specifically
More informationChapter 9. Solutions
Chapter 9 Solutions Water Properties Polar O more electronegative, partial negative charge H less electronegative, partial positive charge Bent structure, 2 lone pairs on oxygen Participates in HYDROGEN
More information9.1 Water. Chapter 9 Solutions. Water. Water in Foods
Chapter 9 s 9.1 Water 9.1 Properties of Water 9.2 s 9.3 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 9.6 Percent Concentration 9.7 Molarity Water is the most common solvent. The water molecule is polar. Hydrogen bonds
More informationChapter 13 (part I of II)Properties of Solutions (N.B. aspects of this topic were seen in chapter 4)
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition, AP version Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 (part I of II)Properties of (N.B. aspects of this topic were seen in chapter
More informationWed Sep 5, Characteristics of Water
Wed Sep 5, 2007 Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions 4.1 Water 4.2 Electrolytes 4.3 Composition of Solutions Exam #1 - Next Friday (Sep 14) Week 3 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 1 Characteristics of Water
More informationUnit 10: Solutions. soluble: will dissolve in miscible: refers to two liquids that mix evenly in all proportions -- e.g., food coloring and water
Unit 10: Solutions Name: Solution Definitions solution: a homogeneous mixture -- -- e.g., alloy: a solid solution of metals -- e.g., solvent: the substance that dissolves the solute soluble: will dissolve
More informationUnit 10: Part 1: Polarity and Intermolecular Forces
Unit 10: Part 1: Polarity and Intermolecular Forces Name: Block: Intermolecular Forces of Attraction and Phase Changes Intramolecular Bonding: attractive forces that occur between atoms WITHIN a molecule;
More information2. What characteristic of water makes it the universal solvent? Nonpolar large molecules long-chain hydrocarbon molecules polar
PS Chemistry Chapter 22 & 23 Review Test Date Chapter 22 Suggestions for Studying Section 1 Know that a solution is made up of a solute and solvent. Be able to provide an example of a solute and a solvent.
More informationUNIT 7: SOLUTIONS STUDY GUIDE REGENTS CHEMISTRY Unit 7 Exam will be on Thursday 2/16
UNIT 7: SOLUTIONS STUDY GUIDE Name REGENTS CHEMISTRY Unit 7 Exam will be on Thursday 2/16 Vocabulary- Match the terms to the correct definitions. 1. colligative properties 2. concentration 3. electrolyte
More informationQuick Review. - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent
Quick Review - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent Water H 2 O Is water an ionic or a covalent compound? Covalent,
More informationName: Regents Chemistry: Dr. Shanzer. Practice Packet. Chapter 11: Solutions
Name: Regents Chemistry: Dr. Shanzer Practice Packet Chapter 11: Solutions What are Solutions? Objective: How do we recognize the parts of a solution, its characteristics and the difference between dissolving
More informationName Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
Assessment Chapter Test A Chapter: Solutions In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Agitation prevents settling
More informationSolubility Equilibrium. Solutions. Dissociation Equations. April/May Chemistry 30
Solubility Equilibrium Chemistry 30 Solutions Mixture containing two or more components, but looks like one homogeneous substance Solute: dissolved substance Solvent: dissolving substance In this course:
More informationCOLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
NAME: UNIT #9: MOLARITY DILUTIONS SOLUBILITY CURVES COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS 1. MOLARITY a) Molarity is a measurement of the concentration of a solution in Chemistry. b) When making solutions,
More informationSOLUBILITY CURVES WORKSHEET
SOLUBILITY CURVES WORKSHEET 1.) Which compound is least soluble at: (A) 20 o C? (B) 80 o C? 2.) Which substance is the most soluble at: (A) 10 o C? (B) 50 o C? (C) 90 o C? 3.) The solubility of which substance
More informationName Practice IMFs and VP
Name Practice IMFs and VP Date 5916. Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule containing polar covalent bonds? A) NH3 B) H2 C) CCl4 D) H2O 408. In substances that sublime, the forces of attraction
More information13.01 Solutions. The Chemistry of Matter in Water. Dr. Fred Omega Garces. Chemistry 152, Miramar College. 1 Solutions
13.01 Solutions The Chemistry of Matter in Water Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 152, Miramar College 1 Solutions 12.01 Solutions How water Dissolves Salts 2 Solutions Components of Solution Homogeneous
More informationA1: Chapter 15.2 & 16.1 Aqueous Systems ( ) 1. Distinguish between a solution and an aqueous solution.
Unit 9 Assignment Packet A1: Chapter 15.2 & 16.1 Aqueous Systems (494-497) 1. Distinguish between a solution and an aqueous solution. Name Period: 2. Define the following: Solute Solvent 3. Identify the
More informationUnit 3: Solubility Equilibrium
Unit 3: Chem 11 Review Preparation for Chem 11 Review Preparation for It is expected that the student understands the concept of: 1. Strong electrolytes, 2. Weak electrolytes and 3. Nonelectrolytes. CHEM
More informationSOLUTIONS. Heterogeneous Mixtures. Section 8.1: Solutions and Other Mixtures. Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont d) CHAPTER 8.
Section 8.1: Solutions and Other Mixtures CHAPTER 8 SOLUTIONS Key Questions What is a heterogeneous mixture? What is a homogeneous mixture? Heterogeneous Mixtures The tree of matter branches into two distinct
More informationDescribe the formation of an aqueous LiBr solution, when solid LiBr dissolves in water.
Chapter 9 Solutions Practice Problems Section 9.1 Solutions Goal: Identify the solute and solvent in a solution; describe the formation of a solution. Summary: A solution forms when a solute dissolves
More informationAlief ISD Chemistry STAAR Review. Reporting Category 5: Solutions The Importance of Water
Alief ISD Chemistry STAAR Review C. 10.A Describe the unique role of water in chemical and biological systems. Reporting Category 5: Solutions The Importance of Water Factors that contribute to water s
More information10) On a solubility curve, the points on the curve indicate a solution. 11) Values on the graph a curve represent unsaturated solutions.
Unit 11 Solutions- Funsheets Part A: Solubility Curves- Answer the following questions using the solubility curve below. Include units! 1) What mass of each solute will dissolve in 100mL of water at the
More information4.4: Solubility and Ionic Equations
4.4: Solubility and Ionic Equations Solubility Curves Graphs of solubility (maximum concentration) against temperature allow quick and easy reference, and are very useful for a wide variety of questions
More information8.2 Solubility and Concentration
Fresh lemonade is a solution of water, lemon juice, and sugar. There is a limit to the amount of sugar that can dissolve in a given amount of water. Once that limit is reached, you cannot make the solution
More informationChemistry I 2nd Semester Exam Study Guide
Chemistry I 2nd Semester Exam Study Guide Study the following topics and be able to apply these concepts to answer related questions to best prepare for the Chemistry exam. You should be able to: 1. Identify
More informationChapter 9: Solutions
9.1 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter 9: Solutions Heterogeneous mixtures are those in which the mixing is not uniform and have regions of different composition. Homogeneous mixtures are those in which the
More informationSolutions: Physical Properties and Behavior
Solutions: Physical Properties and Behavior In the previous chapter you were exposed to a great deal of information about the forces present in and the properties of individual pure substances (for example,
More information