CHEMICAL ENGINEERING II (MASTERY) Professor K. Li Dr. S. Kalliadasis Professor R. Kandiyoti

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1 2 ND YEAR COURSE OBJECTIVES CHEMICAL ENGINEERING II (MASTERY) Professor K. Li Dr. S. Kalliadasis Professor R. Kandiyoti ChE.201 The aim of mastery in the 2 nd year is to further develop students ability and skills in applying basic engineering knowledge to problems, and to reinforce the integration of core Chemical Engineering elements in tackling general and more practical engineering problems. It covers all mastery subjects of the 1 st year, as well as new mastery subjects to be introduced in the 2 nd year, including Reaction Engineering, Heat Transfer and Separation Processes. Students will be expected to be able to: Apply essential Chemical Engineering theory and know-how to solve specific problems; Think across subjects and demonstrate a good understanding of practical engineering problems by linking knowledge and skills from different courses;

2 HEAT TRANSFER Dr. S. Kalliadasis ChE The aim of the course is to provide the fundamental theory for the analysis of heat transfer processes occurring in boilers, condensers, cooling towers and furnaces. The course comprises two parts: (1) Multiphase Heat Transfer, and (2) Radiative Heat Transfer On completion of the course the students should be able to: In Multiphase Heat Transfer: Explain the basic modes of boiling and condensation heat transfer. Use the appropriate correlations to calculate heat transfer coefficient and heat flux for a range of boiling heat transfer situations. Apply the Nusselt theory to solve single-component laminar film condensation problems. Know the equivalent laminar film theory and apply it to analyse more complex condensation problems (condensation in the presence of inert gases, multicomponent condensation). Apply basic principles of heat transfer in design of boilers and condensers. Know the operation and design considerations of simple simultaneous heat and mass exchangers (driers, cooling towers). In Radiative Heat Transfer: Compare the relative contributions of conduction, convection and radiation to heat transfer. Understand the fundamental principles of radiative emission and absorption. Be able to predict radiative transfer between surfaces separated by nonabsorbing gas by the method of view factors and total leaving flux, and to determine the temperatures of participating surfaces by the use of heat balances. Be able to calculate the emissivity and absorptivity of gaseous combustion products using the multi-grey gas approach. Be able to calculate the emissivity and absorptivity of particulate clouds of soot or coal based on certain simplifying assumptions. Be able to estimate the emissivity of mixture of gas and particles. Be able to calculate the heat transfer from a radiating well-stirred volume of gas and particles to the walls of an enclosure of arbitrary shape.

3 SEPARATION PROCESSES I Professor K. Li ChE Aims To introduce the principles of diffusional separation processes and describe mathematical and graphical methods for process and equipment analysis and design. Objectives At the end of the course, the students should be able to: Describe qualitatively and model quantitatively the design and operation of processes and equipment for diffusional separations of binary mixtures or single component transfer. Distinguish between staged and continuous contact separation equipment, and apply the appropriate analysis and design techniques. Perform economic and sensitivity analyses during the process of equipment design. Scope Diffusional separation processes in staged and continuous contact equipment, including distillation, absorption and liquid-liquid extraction.

4 PROCESS CONTROL PROJECT Coordinator: Dr C.D. Immanuel ChE This project aims to determine a suitable control structure for a furnace unit used to heat up a crude oil stream to a required temperature. The work is carried out using a real-time process control package coupled with a detailed dynamic model of the furnace. Feedback control loops are introduced and tuned in order to achieve the primary and secondary control objectives. The interactions between these loops are examined. More advanced control schemes are then used to improve the process performance. COMPUTING Coordinator: Dr. P.D.M. Spelt ChE Objectives: By the end of the course students should be able to: Analyse chemical engineering problems for solution by computer Design algorithms to solve systems of linear and non-linear equations Design computer programs using MAPLE to solve the engineering problems Analyse the results of such programs.

5 LABORATORY THEME Coordinator: Professor D. Chadwick ChE It is expected that students will be able to: Plan an appropriate approach to experiment work. Adapt original plans in the light of preliminary findings. Demonstrate safe working in the choice of method and apparatus. Handle apparatus and substances correctly and safely. Make measurements to an appropriate degree of accuracy and precision. Collate information to arrive at a final conclusion. Appraise critically the experimental work, including identification of, and accounting for, anomalous results and experimental error, and suggest related improvements to methods. To write up an appropriate concise report.

6 PILOT PLANT Coordinator: Professor D.R. Dugwell ChE Objectives There are currently two computer controlled pilot plants in the Chemical Engineering Laboratory that all students learn to operate and use in coursework projects: The evaporator, used in the First Year. The CO 2 absorber-desorber, used in the Second Year. Both plant are started up by the students themselves, with the aid of a computer-controlled system. Academic, research and technical staff provide advice and suggestions, but are not directly involved in the operation of the plants. The following objectives are common to both projects: The students should become familiar with the operation of plants. The students should develop start-up and shut-down procedures that comply with appropriate safety rules. The students should become familiar with computerised control of plants. CO 2 plant. As this plant is more complex than the Evaporator, projects allow for further development of the students skills in the handling of plants and selection of control loops. In addition to this, the objectives are: To relate the concepts acquired in the heat transfer courses by studying the effect of operating conditions on the performance of heat exchangers. To consolidate the concepts developed in the separation processes course by studying the effect of different operating parameters on the mass transfer performance of the plant.

7 REACTOR DESIGN Coordinator: Dr. A. Kogelbauer ChE Objectives This design project follows on from 2nd Year Reaction Engineering course. Students are expected to: Derive the equations governing the behaviour of a particular reactor. Perform an initial hand calculation to check that their model appears to be reasonable. Plan and execute a computer program to solve the equation governing the behaviour of the reactor. Collect appropriate data from the model which is important in understanding reactor behaviour. To critically appraise the data and interpret it in light of their understanding of reaction engineering. To write up an appropriate concise report.

8 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY Dr. D.R. Williams ChE Objectives To develop: The kinetic description of simple and complex chemical reactions and to apply these concepts to typical reactions, including polymerisation, explosions, photochemical and biochemical reactions. An understanding of adsorption processes and catalysis at solid surfaces, and to apply this to describe the kinetics of heterogeneously catalysed reactions. An appreciation of the chemistry of selected major industrial processes, and in this context to explore the relationship between reaction mechanism, chemical kinetics, and reaction engineering.

9 REACTION ENGINEERING I Professor R. Kandiyoti ChE Course Objectives: The aim of the course is to provide the fundamental theory for the design and analysis of (pseudo-) homogeneous chemical reactors. Consideration is given to ideal isothermal and non-isothermal reactor systems, and to reactors involving nonideal flow. On completion of the course, the student will be able to: 1. Describe: batch, semi-batch and continuous reactor operation; homogeneous and heterogeneous reactors; ideal and non-ideal flow models. 2. Define: fractional and overall conversion, and the extent of reaction advancement; product yield and selectivity; residence time, space time, and space velocity. 3. Derive the basic design equations for isothermal and non-isothermal reactors. 4. Perform design analysis of multistage reactor configurations, and reactors involving recycle. 5. Determine optimal reactor configurations and operating policies for systems involving multiple reactions. 6. Determine optimal reactor configurations and operating policies for nonisothermal reversible and irreversible reactions. 7. Perform analysis of reactors involving non-ideal flow based on residence time distribution theory, and zero and one-parameter flow models.

10 THERMODYNAMICS II Dr. A. Galindo ChE.205 The main aim of the course is to present the thermodynamic description of mixtures in the liquid, vapour and solid phases in order to understand the factors which affect (a) phase equilibria and (b) chemical reaction equilibria. The objectives are that by the end of the course the student will be able to: Appreciate the concept of chemical potential and fugacity for pure components. Understand a formalism for description of multi-component systems such as partial molar quantities, chemical potential and activity. Derive the change in the Gibbs function, entropy and enthalpy for ideal mixing. Use Raoult s Law to describe vapour-liquid equilibria in ideal solutions. Understand pressure-composition and temperature composition phase diagrams for the vapour-liquid equilibria ideal mixtures. Understand the effect on the phase behaviour of deviations from ideality such as azeotropy and liquid-liquid immiscibility. Derive and use expressions for the colligative properties of ideal solutions. Understand vapour-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid phase diagrams. Obtain expressions for the equilibrium constants in gas phase reactions. Understand the relationship between the standard Gibbs function of reaction and the equilibrium constant. Understand the Gibbs phase rule.

11 PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL Dr. C.D. Immanuel ChE.206 This course provides an introduction to the transient behaviour of processes, and the means by which this behaviour can be described mathematically, analysed and controlled. The course comprises a series of lectures and tutorials as well as a practical project involving the use of a real-time control package to control a simulated process. By the end of the course, the students should be able to: Derive mathematical models describing the transient behaviour of simple lumped systems in the time domain. Derive linearised models from the above mathematical models and use them to deduce the important qualitative features of the transient process behaviour. Describe the need for, and the fundamental objectives of, process control for specific applications. Describe the relative benefits and limitations of feedback and feedforward control schemes. Select and tune simple and cascaded feedback controllers suitable for a variety of common applications. Devise and tune simple feedforward control schemes used either in isolation or in conjunction with feedback control. Select appropriate control structures for unit operations involving several potential measurements and control manipulations.

12 MATHEMATICS II Dr. D. Buck Professor R.V. Craster Dr. Y. Ho Dr. R.L. Jacobs (Mathematics Department) ChE.207 Objectives The objectives of the second year Mathematics course are to ensure that all students acquire the mathematical knowledge and skills required for the Chemical Engineering course in their second and subsequent years. The principal elements of the second year course are: Partial differentiation Vector calculus Partial differential equations Fourier series Optimisation Probability and statistics FINE CHEMICALS STREAM COURSES Chemistry department staff ChE 208 Students on the Fine Chemicals stream take the following 1 st year courses in the Chemistry Department: 1.O3 Haloalkanes, alcohols and amines 1.O4 Chemistry of the carbonyl and carboxyl groups

13 Business for engineers 2 Dr. A.C. Davies Dr. A. Eisingerich (Tanaka Business School) ChE 209 The Year Two programme has two themes: project management and marketing. The aim of the project management module is twofold. First it will provide a practical introduction to Microsoft Project and second, using case studies, it will provide an overview of the strategic role of project management in modern business. The aim of the marketing module is to provide students with key marketing concepts as applied to new technologies: market assessment, diffusion, adoption, penetration.