C1 EXAM BRIEFING. Thursday 17 th May 2018, 9.00AM

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "C1 EXAM BRIEFING. Thursday 17 th May 2018, 9.00AM"

Transcription

1 C1 EXAM BRIEFING Thursday 17 th May 2018, 9.00AM

2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE Topic 1

3 Atomic Structure ~ 100 different elements. Radius of around 0.1 nanometers (1x10-10 m) Nucleus has a radius of around 1x10-14 m (1/10,000 th of atom) When Who What was discovered? Beginning 19 th C John Dalton 1897 J J Thomson Plum Pudding model 1909 Rutherford / Marsden Atoms=solid spheres, different atoms=different elements Alpha particle scattering nuclear model of atom Around 1913 Niels Bohr Electrons contained in shells (calcs agreed w. obs) 1920s Rutherford & others Different no. protons = different element Different no. electrons = ion Different no. neutrons = isotope Atomic no. = p Atomic mass (Relative atomic mass (Ar)) = p+n Electronic structure = 2,8,8,2 Showed nucleus can be divided into protons 1932 James Chadwick Showed the existence of Neutrons

4 Type of Equations Balanced equation: Half equations: Ionic equations:

5 Required Practical Mixtures Filtration - separate insol. solid from liquid Crystallisation - separate sol. solid from liquid Simple distillation - separate mixture of liquids Fractional distillation - as above Chromatography - separate mixture of liquids

6 Periodic Table Metal = + ions Group no. = no. electrons in outer shell (Group 0 = full) Period no. = no. electrons shells Non-metals = - ions Group 1- alkali metals 1 electron outer shell = v. reactive. Fizz, bubble with water = metal hydroxide ph 1-6. More reactive down group. MP & bp increases down group. Ar increases down group. + oxygen metal oxide. 1+ ions. Group 7- halogens 7 electrons outer shell = v. reactive. Less reactive down group. Mp & bp increases down group. Ar increases down group. 1- ions. Displacement reactions. 1 st attempt- strict order of atomic weight Mendeleev- left gaps for undiscovered elements, changed order from weight to suit properties Group 0 Full outer shell = stable & unreactive (inert). Bp inc. down group.

7 BONDING, STRUCTURE, AND THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER Topic 2

8 Bonding Types of covalent diagrams: Polymers:

9 Graphene & Fullerenes Graphene - single layer graphite (carbon). Delocalised electrons, conduct electricity. Fullerenes hollow molecules (tubes / balls) carbon, heptagons, hexagons, pentagons. First = buckminsterfullerene (C 60, 20 hexagons + 12 pentagons) Nanotubes = tiny carbon cylinders. Length : diameter = v. high. Conduct heat & electricity. Uses fullerenes: Medicine- cage other molecules Catalysts- large surface area Lubricants- machine parts & artificial joints Strengthening materials- high tensile strength Electronics- microchips

10 Nanoparticles Course particles: dust, PM 10 (particulate matter up to 10 micrometers) Fine particles: PM 25 Nanoparticles: diameter between 1nm & 100 nm. Few hundred atoms. Atomic diameter ~ 0.1 nm Small molecules diameter ~<1 nm 10 10,000 x larger than an atom. High surface area : volume = good catalysts. As particles decrease in size, SA:V increases. Platinum used in fuel cells Gold nanoparticles = lower mp than bulk material Nanomedicine- easily absorbed Electronics- conduct electricity- thin, light displays, small memory chips Deodorants- silver nanoparticles antibacterial Sun cream- more effective, better skin coverage Cosmetics- non-oily moisturisers, deliver active ingredients to lower layers skin.

11 Solid = (s), liquid = (l), gas = (g), aqueous = (aq) States of Matter As energy is added to particles, kinetic energy increases, particles spread out = less dense. (A on graph) (C on graph) (B on graph) (D on graph) Limitations of kinetic particle theory model: Forces of attraction between particles are not seen in a static image. Movement of particles in terms of direction and speed may not be accurately captured in a static image. Distance between particles in model may not be scaled accurately to the actual distance between particles.

12 QUANTITATIVE CHEMISTRY Topic 3

13 Mass (g and M r ) & Moles Mass reactants = mass products Open system: Product lost as gas Reactant = atmospheric gas Raw materials not pure Products left behind Reaction not finished Unexpected reactions Uses ± symbol Charge reactants = charge products See ionic equations & half equations Balancing no.s can be determined from ratio of no. moles 1 mole (mol) = 6.02 x = the Avogadro constant mass n (Mol) M r 1 mole C = 12g 1 mole Mg = 24g

14 Example Calculation Balancing equations using reacting masses 4.6g of sodium reacted with 1.6g of oxygen to form 6.2g of sodium oxide (Na 2 O, Mr = 62). Write a balanced equation, using the reacting masses. 1. Divide the mass of each substance by its relative formula mass (Mr) to find the number of moles. 4.6g Na / 23 = 0.2 moles 1.6g O / 16 = 0.1 moles 6.2g Na 2 O / 62 = 0.1 moles 2. Divide the number of moles of each substance by the smallest number of moles in the reaction 0.2 moles / 0.1 moles = moles / 0.1 moles = moles / 0.1 moles = 1 3. If the numbers aren t whole numbers, multiply all the numbers by the same amount so that they become whole numbers They re whole numbers this time 4. Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction by putting these numbers in front of the chemical formulae. Na + O Na 2 O 2 Na + O Na 2 O

15 Example Calculation Example,: A compound contains 75% C and 25% H. What is its empirical formula? 1. list the elements 2. underneath put mass or % 3. divide by Mr to get mole ratio 4. simplest ratio of moles 5. formula 1 C H 2 Amount Convert to moles ( /Mr) 4 Calculate mole ratio (divide by smallest number) /12 = 6.25 /1 = / / = 1 = 4 5 Empirical formula C H 4

16 Example Calculation Concentration (g/dm 3 ). 1 mol = 6.02 x / dm 3 1 dm 3 = 1 litre = 1000 cm 3 Calculate the number of grams of NaOH needed to make 50cm 3 of NaOH with a concentration of 2 mol/dm 3. First Triangle; n =? c = 2 mol/dm 3 v = 0.05dm 3 Second Triangle; Mass =? n = 0.1 moles M r = 40 n = c x V n = 2mol/dm 3 x 0.05dm 3 n = 0.1 mole NaOH Mass = n x M r Mass = 0.1 moles x 40 Mass = 4g mass n (Mol) M r Conc. acid = acid has a very large mass per volume of H + ions in it.

17 Limiting Reactants, % Yield, Atom Economy, Moles of Gases Limiting reactant- reactant that is fully used up, limits amount of product. Other reactant is in excess. Can determine mass / no. moles of reactant/ product used from balanced equation. % Yield Atom Economy Moles of gases One mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure (20 o C and 1 atmosphere pressure) is 24 dm 3.

18 CHEMICAL CHANGES Topic 4

19 Reactivity Metals form positive ions Potassium more reactive than lithium Electrons attracted to positive protons in the nucleus. Potassium has more electron shells than lithium. Outer shell electrons are further away from nucleus. Therefore attraction between outer shell electrons and nucleus is weaker so the electrons are lost more easily. When potassium loses electrons it is oxidised and becomes a K + / 1 + ion. Because potassium loses its outer shell electron easily, it forms ions quickly (and strongly ionises water) and reacts quickly and more vigorously. The more easily an atom can become ionised, the more quickly that ion can react and therefore the metal is more reactive. More ions = more reactive Increasing concentration makes an acid more reactive because it contains more ions! Alsodisplacement reactions

20 Redox Unreactive metals e.g. = native metals Metals < reactive than C extracted from oxides by reduction with carbon Metals > reactive than C extracted from oxides by electrolysis Oxidation = bonding with oxygen Metal + oxygen metal oxide Loss of electrons Metals = positive ions Reduction = losing oxygen Metal oxide + carbon metal + carbon dioxide Gain of electrons Non-metals = negative ions Half equations: 2 Fe e - 2 Fe 3 O 2-3 O + 6e -

21 Acid + reactions acid + metal? +? acid + alkali (metal hydroxide)? +? acid + metal oxide? +? acid + metal carbonate? +? +? Hydrochloric acid will always produce? salts Sulfuric acid will always produce? salts Nitric acid will always produce? salts

22 Required Practical See also Separation Techniques Topic 1 Making Salts

23 Required Practical See also Quantitative Chemistry Titration A strong acid is one that is completely ionised in water- More H + ions are released. A weak acid is one that only partially ionises in water Fewer H + ions are released

24 Required Practical See also Quantitative Chemistry Titration

25 Electrolysis of Molten Electrolyte Ions must be free to move Charge of ions can be determined by group no. (except transition metals- some have 2+ oxidation states) Electrolysis = Can also be a solution (dissolved solute in solvent) Copper sulfate: Cu e - Cu SO 2-4 SO 4 + 2e - The electrons leave the sulfate and attach to the copper. Lead bromide Together; Pb e - Pb 2Br - Br 2 + 2e - Pb 2+ (aq) + 2Br - (aq) Pb (s) + Br 2 (aq) Cryolite used to lower mp of aluminium oxide Aluminium oxide 4Al e - 4Al 6O 2-3O e -

26 Electrolysis of Solution of Ions Sodium chloride solution (brine) At the negative cathode: Na + (aq) + 2e - Na (s) At the positive anode: 2Cl - (aq) Cl 2 (g) + 2e - What is the overall equation? 2Na + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + 2H + (aq) + 2OH - (aq) 2NaOH + Cl 2 (g) + H 2(g) Hydrogen is used as a fuel and for making ammonia. Chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water, and to make bleach and plastics. Sodium hydroxide is used to make soap and bleach.

27 Required Practical Electrolysis of Solution of Ions Negative electrode: The metal will be produced if < reactive than hydrogen Hydrogen will be produced if the metal > reactive than hydrogen Positive electrode: The halide will be released if there is one in the solution Oxygen will be produced if not Solution Positive electrode (anode) Copper (II) chloride chlorine copper Copper (II) sulfate oxygen copper Sodium chloride chlorine hydrogen Sodium sulfate oxygen hydrogen Negative electrode (cathode)

28 ENERGY CHANGES Topic 5

29 Energy Change Endothermic Transfers energy from surroundings to chemicals, T surroundings increase. Breaking bonds is endothermic. E.g. thermal decomposition, citric acid + hydrogencarbonate, sports injury packs, photosynthesis. Overall energy change can be calculated by energy taken in breaking bonds energy given out making new bonds. + = endothermic, - = exothermic. Exothermic Transfers energy from chemicals to surroundings, T surroundings increase. Making new bonds is exothermic. E.g. combustion, many oxidation reactions, neutralisation, selfheating cans, hand warmers.

30 Required Practical Energy Changes IV: volume sodium hydroxide (cm 3 ) DV: Maximum temperature ( C) CV: volume hydrochloric acid (cm 3 ), temperature of surroundings ( C) a Stand the polystyrene cup in the beaker. b Use the measuring cylinder to measure out 5 cm 3 of hydrochloric acid and pour it into the polystyrene cup. c Measure the initial temperature of the hydrochloric acid and record it in a suitable table. d Add 5 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution. Stir with the thermometer and record the maximum or minimum temperature reached. e Work out the temperature change and decide if the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Insulated cup & lid- could be a gap Digital thermometer = more precise.

31 Cells & Batteries Cell made of two different metals metals separated from each other by electrolyte metals connected by wires through which electrons can flow Batteries = 2+ cells = greater voltage. Non-rechargeable = chemical reactions stop when one of the reactants has been used up; alkaline batteries Rechargeable = chemical reactions are reversed when external electrical current supplied.

32 Determining Reactivity from Voltage Results Bigger difference in reactivity between electrodes= bigger voltage of cell Conclusions; Copper is always the least reactive metal Zinc iron chromium tin copper Negative voltages happen when more reactive metal on other electrode Iron must be middle reactivity Aluminium zinc iron tin lead Voltages of multiple cells add together to make battery s voltage. Battery voltage = 1.71V

33 Fuel Cells Fuel (hydrogen) enters cell on one side, becomes oxidised (reacts with oxygen)- sets up potential difference. hydrogen + oxygen water 2H 2(g) + O 2(g) 2H 2 O (l)

34 Fuel Cells Advantages No greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide or carbon monoxide Only by-products are water + heat. Electric cars Don t produce many pollutants either, but batteries are more polluting to dispose of (highly toxic metal compounds). Batteries are rechargeable but limit to no. times can be done. Batteries more expensive than to make than fuel cells Batteries store less energy than fuel cells- need to be recharged more often- takes a long time. Disadvantages Hydrogen = gas- large volume Hydrogen = explosive when mixed with air- difficult to store safely. Hydrogen made from hydrocarbons (non-renewable) or by electrolysis (electricity often generated by burning fossil fuels).

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1 AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State that elements

More information

AQA GCSE CHEMISTRY (9-1) Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

AQA GCSE CHEMISTRY (9-1) Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table AQA GCSE CHEMISTRY (9-1) Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 4.1.1 Atoms, elements and compounds 4.1.1.1 Atoms, elements and compounds All substances are made of atoms. An atom is the smallest

More information

Separate Science: Chemistry Paper 1. Knowledge Organisers. Chemistry Paper 1 17 th May AM 1h 45min. Atomic Structure The Periodic Table

Separate Science: Chemistry Paper 1. Knowledge Organisers. Chemistry Paper 1 17 th May AM 1h 45min. Atomic Structure The Periodic Table Separate Science: Chemistry Paper 1 Chemistry Paper 1 17 th May AM 1h 45min Topics in the Paper: C1 C2 Atomic Structure The Periodic Table Knowledge Organisers C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Structure and Bonding Chemical

More information

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1 AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State

More information

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Developing the atomic model Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Describe the difference between the plum-pudding model of the atom and

More information

for sodium ion (Na + )

for sodium ion (Na + ) 3.4 Unit 2 Chemistry 2 Throughout this unit candidates will be expected to write word equations for reactions specified. Higher tier candidates will also be expected to write and balance symbol equations

More information

AQA Chemistry Checklist

AQA Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this

More information

Review Chemistry Paper 1

Review Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure Topic Define an atom and element. Use scientific conventions to identify chemical symbols Identify elements by chemical symbols Define compound Use chemical formulae to show different

More information

Chemistry (separate) for November PPE

Chemistry (separate) for November PPE 1.1 Elements and 1.2 Atoms, formulae and Chapter 1 Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Identify symbols of elements from the periodic table Recognise the properties of elements and. Identify the elements

More information

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes 4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes Reactivity of metals When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive

More information

AQA Chemistry (Combined Science) Specification Checklists. Name: Teacher:

AQA Chemistry (Combined Science) Specification Checklists. Name: Teacher: AQA Chemistry (Combined Science) Specification Checklists Name: Teacher: Paper 1-4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table 4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic

More information

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes 4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes Reactivity of metals When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive

More information

OCR Chemistry Checklist

OCR Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes

More information

AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table (Paper 1) To pic. Student Checklist

AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table (Paper 1) To pic. Student Checklist Personalised Learning Checklist AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 s T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table (Paper 1) State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are 5.1.1 A simple

More information

Unit 4: Chemical Changes (Higher Content)

Unit 4: Chemical Changes (Higher Content) Metals react with oxygen to produce metal oxides. E.g. Copper + Oxygen > Copper Oxide The reactions are oxidation reactions because the metals gain oxygen. Reactivity of Metals Metal Extraction Metals

More information

Paper Atomic structure and the periodic table

Paper Atomic structure and the periodic table Paper 1 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table 4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in

More information

OCR Chemistry Checklist

OCR Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes

More information

Chemical measurements QuestionIT

Chemical measurements QuestionIT Chemical measurements QuestionIT 1. What is the law of conservation of mass? Mass of reactants = mass products. 2. Why might some reactions appear to show a change in mass? A reactant or a product is a

More information

GraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical and Energy Changes

GraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical and Energy Changes A. Reactivity of metals The reactivity series, metal oxides and extractions 1. Three metals, X, Y and Z were put into water. The reactions are shown below: a) Use the diagrams to put metals X, Y and Z

More information

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development.

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development. 4.4 Chemical changes Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organising their results logically. Knowing about these different

More information

OCR Chemistry Checklist

OCR Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes

More information

All you need to know about Additional Science

All you need to know about Additional Science All you need to know about Additional Science Chapters in this unit 1. Structures and bonding 2. Structures and properties 3. How much? 4. Rates of reaction 5. Energy and reactions 6. Electrolysis 7. Acids,

More information

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Atomic Structure Recall the different charges of the particles that make up an atom. Describe why atoms have no overall charge. Use the periodic table to identify

More information

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Developing the atomic model Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Describe the difference between the plum-pudding model of the atom and

More information

C2 Chemistry. Key Recall Questions

C2 Chemistry. Key Recall Questions C Chemistry Additional Science Key Recall Questions *Cover up the answers, ask yourself a question (or get your partner to ask you), if you get it right then tick the chart, wrong put a cross. Keep practising

More information

Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall names used for these inter-conversions

Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall names used for these inter-conversions Understand the arrangements, movements and energy of the particle in each of the 3 states of matter : solid, liquid and gas Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and

More information

AQA Chemistry Checklist

AQA Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this

More information

Electrodes are normally made out of inert (unreactive) materials. Graphite and platinum are common electrode materials.

Electrodes are normally made out of inert (unreactive) materials. Graphite and platinum are common electrode materials. Electrolysis Electrolysis is using an electric current to break up an ionic compound to form elements. Covalent compounds can t be split up by electrolysis. Terms used in electrolysis: Electrolyte - the

More information

AQA GCSE Atomic structure and periodic table part 1

AQA GCSE Atomic structure and periodic table part 1 Relative atomic mass Rutherford's scattering eperiment Electronic structures Atoms, elements and compounds Name of Particle Atom Element Compound Relative Charge The smallest part of an element that can

More information

Orchard School. New Document 1 Name: Class: Date: 129 minutes. Time: 126 marks. Marks: Comments: Page 1

Orchard School. New Document 1 Name: Class: Date: 129 minutes. Time: 126 marks. Marks: Comments: Page 1 New Document Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: 29 minutes 26 marks Comments: Page Q. The ph scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (a) Solution Draw one line from each solution to

More information

5.4 Chemical changes Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development

5.4 Chemical changes Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development 5.4 Chemical changes Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organising their results logically. Knowing about these different

More information

C4 Quick Revision Questions

C4 Quick Revision Questions C4 Quick Revision Questions H = Higher tier only SS = Separate science only Question 1... of 50 Write the equation which shows the formation of iron oxide Answer 1... of 50 4Fe + 3O 2 2Fe 2 O 3 Question

More information

Complete and balance these equations to show the reactions during electrolysis. Na Na (2)

Complete and balance these equations to show the reactions during electrolysis. Na Na (2) Q1. The diagram shows electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. (a) Complete and balance these equations to show the reactions during electrolysis. At the positive electrode Cl e Cl At the negative electrode

More information

3.4 Unit 2: Chemistry 2

3.4 Unit 2: Chemistry 2 3.4 Unit 2: Chemistry 2 Throughout this unit candidates will be expected to write word equations for reactions specified. igher Tier candidates will also be expected to write and balance symbol equations

More information

Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers.

Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers. Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers. (a) Explain what fertilisers are used for............. (b) The amount of nitrogen in a fertiliser is important. How many

More information

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number Mass number Number of protons and neutrons Atomic number Number of protons Atomic Structure Cl 35 17 Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons - these atoms are called isotopes of

More information

YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan

YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan 2016-2017 Week Topic Learning outcomes 1 1. The particulate nature of matter State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases. Describe the structure of solids,

More information

GCSE CHEMISTRY REVISION LIST

GCSE CHEMISTRY REVISION LIST GCSE CHEMISTRY REVISION LIST OCR Gateway Chemistry (J248) from 2016 Topic C1: Particles C1.1 Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter and change of state Explain, in

More information

Atoms, Elements, Atoms, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Compounds and Mixtures. Atoms and the Periodic Table. Atoms and the.

Atoms, Elements, Atoms, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Compounds and Mixtures. Atoms and the Periodic Table. Atoms and the. Atoms, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Explain how fractional distillation can be used to separate a mixture. 1 Atoms, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Fractional distillation is used to separate components

More information

C2.1 Structure and bonding

C2.1 Structure and bonding C2.1 Structure and bonding C2 1.1 Chemical bonding Key words: A compound contains two or more elements which are chemically combined Covalent bonding sharing electrons Ionic bonding transferring electrons

More information

AQA Chemistry GCSE. Flashcards. Topic 4: Chemical Change.

AQA Chemistry GCSE. Flashcards. Topic 4: Chemical Change. AQA Chemistry GCSE Topic 4: Chemical Change Flashcards What is oxidation/reduction? What is oxidation/reduction? Oxidation - When a substance gains oxygen Reducation - When a substance loses oxygen What

More information

5 Energy from chemicals

5 Energy from chemicals 5 Energy from chemicals Content 5.1 Enthalpy 5.2 Hydrogen fuel cell Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) describe the meaning of enthalpy change in terms of exothermic (H

More information

The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. covalent ionic non-metallic

The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. covalent ionic non-metallic 1 The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. (a) (i) Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence. covalent ionic non-metallic Electrolysis takes place when electricity

More information

CHEMISTRY 2b SUMMARY

CHEMISTRY 2b SUMMARY CHEMISTRY 2b SUMMARY Items in ITALLICS are HIGHER TIER NLY C2.4.1 RATES F REACTIN Speeding up, or slowing down, chemical reactions is important in everyday life and in industry The rate of a chemical reaction

More information

YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min

YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min NAME: CLASS: Useful data: Q = It. Faraday Constant = 96,500 C mol -1. Use the Periodic table, given below, where necessary. Marks Grid [For Examiners use only] Question

More information

GraspIT Questions Edexcel GCSE Key concepts in chemistry

GraspIT Questions Edexcel GCSE Key concepts in chemistry A. Atomic structure: Model of the atom and structure of the atom 1. Describe JJ. Thomson s plum pudding model of the atom. (2) Cloud of positive charge [1] with tiny negatively charged electrons spread

More information

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen Metal + acid -> metal salt + hydrogen

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen Metal + acid -> metal salt + hydrogen Name of Formula Formula of ion Name of salt Hydrochloric Sulphuric HCl Cl - Chloride H 2 SO 4 SO 4-2 Sulphate Key words: Oxidation: loss of electrons Reduction: gain of electrons Displacement reaction:

More information

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number Mass number Number of protons and neutrons Atomic number Number of protons Atomic Structure Cl 35 17 Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons - these atoms are called isotopes of

More information

GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. Bonding. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry

GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. Bonding. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry Particle Model and Atomic Structure The following symbols describe two different substances. Deduce all the information you can from these symbols. 13 C 12 6 6 C 1 Particle Model and Atomic Structure The

More information

Revision Guide: 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Revision Guide: 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Revision Guide: 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Atoms, Elements and Compounds Atoms All substances are made of atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can eist. Atoms of each

More information

Extracting metals QuestionIT

Extracting metals QuestionIT Extracting metals QuestionIT 1. What is an ore? Metal compound in a rock. 2. What is produced when metals react with oxygen? Metal oxide. 3. What is this process called and why? Oxidation, gain of oxygen.

More information

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry. Notes.

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry. Notes. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry Notes Define electrolysis as The breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity Describe the electrode

More information

Personalised Learning Checklists Edexcel Combined: Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists Edexcel Combined: Chemistry Paper 1 Edexcel (combined) Chemistry Topics (1SC0) from 2016 - Paper 1 (Topic 1 parts a&b) Topic Student Checklist R A G Describe how the Dalton model of an atom has changed over time because of the discovery

More information

Part 5- Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure Knowledge Questions

Part 5- Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure Knowledge Questions Part 5- Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure Knowledge Questions How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic

More information

FORM 4 CHEMISTRY - SUMMER REVISION WORK

FORM 4 CHEMISTRY - SUMMER REVISION WORK Form 3 Syllabus: FORM 4 CHEMISTRY - SUMMER REVISION WORK Chapter 1: STATES OF MATTER Converting between the 3 states of matter Application of kinetic theory to changes of state Diffusion Physical and chemical

More information

AQA GCSE Chemistry (Combined Science Trilogy) 15 Week Revision Timetable

AQA GCSE Chemistry (Combined Science Trilogy) 15 Week Revision Timetable Exam advice o READ THE WHOLE QUESTION CAREFULLY before starting to write an answer. o Make sure you have all the necessary equipment o It s ok to draw diagrams even if there are lines for writing. Don

More information

Electrolysis. Specification points. Year 11 Electrolysis

Electrolysis. Specification points. Year 11 Electrolysis Electrolysis Specification points Year Electrolysis The process of electrolysis When an ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are free to move about within the liquid or solution (the

More information

4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes

4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table The periodic table provides chemists with a structured organisation of the known chemical elements from which they can make sense of their physical and chemical

More information

4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table. GCSE Chemistry

4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table. GCSE Chemistry 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table GCSE Chemistry All substances are made of atoms this is cannot be chemically broken down it is the smallest part of an element. Elements are made of only one

More information

Quantitative Chemistry. AQA Chemistry topic 3

Quantitative Chemistry. AQA Chemistry topic 3 Quantitative Chemistry AQA Chemistry topic 3 3.1 Conservation of Mass and Balanced Equations Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is when atoms are basically rearranged into something different. For

More information

Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Knowledge Questions. Topic 1- Atomic Structure and the periodic Table. Topic 2- Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter

Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Knowledge Questions. Topic 1- Atomic Structure and the periodic Table. Topic 2- Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Chemistry Paper 1 Revision Knowledge Questions Topic 1- Atomic Structure and the periodic Table Topic 2- Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Why am I doing this? To answer exam questions you need

More information

4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3. C2.1.1a Structure and bonding

4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3. C2.1.1a Structure and bonding Summary of changes This resource outlines the main changes that have been made to the assessment and subject content from our previous GCSE Chemistry (4402) to the new specification (8462). Our new specifications

More information

Foundation Support Workbook AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry topics. Sunetra Berry

Foundation Support Workbook AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry topics. Sunetra Berry Foundation Workbook AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry topics Sunetra Berry 224708 Foundation Workbook_Sample_Chemistry.indd 1 4/22/16 4:17 PM Contents Section 1 Atomic structure and the periodic table

More information

Year 8 Chemistry Unit 5. Class: Name:

Year 8 Chemistry Unit 5. Class: Name: Year 8 Chemistry Unit 5 Class: Name: 1 Atomic structure 2 L1: Elements, Mixtures and Compounds Atoms and molecules Remember that an element is one type of atom, like carbon, gold or chlorine. We will look

More information

C1 REVISION 5.1 Atomic Structure

C1 REVISION 5.1 Atomic Structure C1 REVISION 5.1 Atomic Structure Draw the symbol for sodium include its mass number and atomic number (what do they tell us) Complete the table Relative Charge Relative Mass Balance the following equation:

More information

Additional Science Chemistry

Additional Science Chemistry Additional Science Chemistry C2 Core Questions and Keywords and Definitions Question How did Mendeleev arrange the elements known at the time into a periodic table? How did Mendeleev use his table? Where

More information

4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes Atoms, elements and compounds

4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes Atoms, elements and compounds 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table The periodic table provides chemists with a structured organisation of the known chemical elements from which they can make sense of their physical and chemical

More information

4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic

4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic 4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Chemists use theories of structure and bonding to explain the physical and chemical properties of materials. Analysis of structures shows that atoms

More information

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction (Total 4 marks)

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction (Total 4 marks) Q1. Here is a word equation for a chemical reaction. copper oxide + sulphuric acid copper sulphate + water Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.......... (Total 4 marks)

More information

Atomic Structure & Periodic Table

Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Year Topic 1 Atomic Structure & Periodic Table 2 Bonding 3 10 Quantitative Chemistry 4 Chemical Changes 5 Energy Changes 6 Rate of Reaction 7 Organic Chemistry 8 11 Chemical Analysis 9 Chemistry of the

More information

IGCSE TEST_ (Ch. 2,3,4,5,6) Name... Date...

IGCSE TEST_ (Ch. 2,3,4,5,6) Name... Date... IGCSE TEST_ (Ch. 2,3,4,5,6) Name... Date... 1 Winston Churchill, a British Prime Minister, had his false teeth electroplated with gold. The teeth were coated with a thin layer of carbon and were then placed

More information

4.2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter. GCSE Chemistry

4.2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter. GCSE Chemistry 4.2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter GCSE Chemistry 4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic There are three types of strong chemical bond ionic, covalent and metallic. There are

More information

Definition 1 An element or compound is oxidized when it gains oxygen atoms

Definition 1 An element or compound is oxidized when it gains oxygen atoms Oxidation and Reduction Part I Learning Outcomes 1. Introduction to oxidation and reduction: simple examples only, e.g. Na with Cl 2, Mg with O 2, Zn with Cu 2+. 2. Oxidation and reduction in terms of

More information

Same theme covered in Combined but extra content Extra parts atomic symbols (first 20, Group 1 and Group 7)

Same theme covered in Combined but extra content Extra parts atomic symbols (first 20, Group 1 and Group 7) Co-teaching document new ELC Science 5960 and Foundation Level GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) Chemistry: Component 3 Elements, mixtures and compounds ELC Outcomes Summary of content covered in ELC

More information

1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions 1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions 2 2 26 3 45 Exothermic and endothermic reactions Question Paper 1 Level GCSE (9-1) Subject Chemistry Exam Board AQA Topic 4.5 Energy changes Sub Topic Exothermic

More information

Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions)

Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions) Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions) Metallic (electrostatic attraction between + metal ions and delocalised electrons) Group 1 ions 1+

More information

Particles and Periodic Table

Particles and Periodic Table Specification points Year 9 Particles The three states of matter The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. In chemical equations, the three states of matter are shown as (s), (l) and (g), with

More information

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 5 - Electricity and Chemistry Electrolysis You need to know that electrolysis is: - The breakdown of ionic substances into their constituent elements

More information

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table. Quick Fire Questions

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table. Quick Fire Questions Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Quick Fire Questions This work sheet is fully supported by a video tutorial https://youtu.be/mjlipj_c018 1. What element is represented by W? 2. What element is

More information

S4 CHEMISTRY SUMMARY NOTES

S4 CHEMISTRY SUMMARY NOTES S4 CHEMISTRY SUMMARY NOTES 1. The Mole One mole of a substance = GRAM FORMULA MASS e.g. H 2 SO 4 RAM from databook pg.7 2H 2 x 1 = 2 1S 1 x 32 = 32 4O 4 x 16 = 64 98g Mass = number of moles x Mass of 1

More information

Angel International SchoolManipay

Angel International SchoolManipay Grade OL Angel International SchoolManipay 2 nd Term Examination March, 2016 Chemistry Duration: 3 Hours 1. Which property is common to calcium, potassium and sodium? a) Their atoms all lose two electrons

More information

C2 Revision Pack (Please keep this pack with you)

C2 Revision Pack (Please keep this pack with you) Name: C2 Revision Pack (Please keep this pack with you) Follow all the steps below... 1) Practice all the maths and working scientifically questions PRACTICE ALL THESE QUESTIONS! Maths and Science Skills

More information

4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter

4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter 4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Chemists use theories of structure and bonding to explain the physical and chemical properties of materials. Analysis of structures shows that atoms

More information

REVISION CARDS. Chemistry C2. Modified 09/12/2015 (PB)

REVISION CARDS. Chemistry C2.   Modified 09/12/2015 (PB) REVISION CARDS Chemistry C2 www.chemistryinfo.co.uk Modified 09/12/2015 (PB) INDEX 3 Periodic table 4 Structure of the atom 5 Relative Atomic Mass 6 Electron shells 7 Ions 8 Ionic compounds 9 Solubility

More information

In the early version of the periodic table (by Newlands and then Mendeleev), how were the elements arranged?

In the early version of the periodic table (by Newlands and then Mendeleev), how were the elements arranged? Page 1 In the early version of the periodic table (by Newlands and then Mendeleev), how were the elements arranged? What can we say about the elements in the same group of the periodic table? Why is the

More information

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES & BONDING

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES & BONDING C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES & BONDING Draw the symbol for sodium include its mass number and atomic number (what do they tell us) Complete the table Relative Charge Relative Mass Use pictures and

More information

IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry

IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations NOTES 1.25: Write word equations and balanced chemical equations (including state symbols): For reactions

More information

Lesson title Lesson objectives AQA specification reference 1.1 Elements and compounds

Lesson title Lesson objectives AQA specification reference 1.1 Elements and compounds 1.1 Elements and compounds 1.2 Atoms, formulae and equations Identify symbols of elements from the periodic table Recognise the properties of elements and compounds. Identify the elements in a compound

More information

Lesson Target 4 Target 6 Target 8. atom.

Lesson Target 4 Target 6 Target 8. atom. Student checklist C1 Atomic structure Lesson Target 4 Target 6 Target 8 C1.1 Atoms I can define the word element. I can classify familiar substances as elements or compounds. I can use the periodic table

More information

Revision Guide: 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Revision Guide: 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Revision Guide: 4.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Atoms, Elements and Compounds Atoms All substances are made of atoms. An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist. Atoms of each

More information

Name: C4 Chemical Changes. Class: 35 Questions. Date: Time: Marks: Comments: Brookvale Groby Learning Trust

Name: C4 Chemical Changes. Class: 35 Questions. Date: Time: Marks: Comments: Brookvale Groby Learning Trust C4 Chemical Changes 35 Questions Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comments: Page of 27 The ph scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (a) Draw one line from each solution to the ph

More information

Chemistry Summer Holiday Homework Year Y9 & 10

Chemistry Summer Holiday Homework Year Y9 & 10 Chemistry Summer Holiday Homework Year Y9 & 10 1. An atom of aluminium has the symbol (a) Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of aluminium. Number of protons... Number of neutrons...

More information

Quantitative chemistry Atomic structure Periodicity

Quantitative chemistry Atomic structure Periodicity IB chemistry Units 1-3 review Quantitative chemistry Significant figures The mole- be able to convert to number of particles and mass Finding empirical and molecular formulas from mass percentage States

More information

Draw one line from each solution to the ph value of the solution. Solution ph value of the solution

Draw one line from each solution to the ph value of the solution. Solution ph value of the solution 1 The ph scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (a) Draw one line from each solution to the ph value of the solution. Solution ph value of the solution 5 Acid 7 9 Neutral 11 13

More information

Part 6- Chemistry Paper 1 Bonding Application Questions Triple Science

Part 6- Chemistry Paper 1 Bonding Application Questions Triple Science Part 6- Chemistry Paper 1 Bonding Application Questions Triple Science How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic

More information

Year 8 Chemistry Knowledge Organiser Topic 1: Periodic Table

Year 8 Chemistry Knowledge Organiser Topic 1: Periodic Table KPI 1.1: Identify, with reasons, differences between atoms, elements and compounds Key Terms Element Mixture Compound Elements Definitions A substance that contains only one type of atom A substance that

More information

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 Structure & Bonding

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 Structure & Bonding C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 Structure & Bonding Chemical Bonding Elements react to form compounds by what 3 methods? What do atoms of metals in Group 1 make when they combine with atoms of non- metals in Group

More information

Additional Science. Chemistry CH2FP. (Jun15CH2FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015.

Additional Science. Chemistry CH2FP. (Jun15CH2FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015. Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Additional Science Unit Chemistry C2 Chemistry Unit Chemistry C2 Thursday 14

More information