ESS Glaciers and Global Change
|
|
- Merry Little
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ESS Glaciers and Global Change Wednesday February 14, Outline for today Volunteer for today s highlights on Friday Highlights of last Monday s class Gabe Greene Ice cores and climate history
2 Assignment for Friday Feb 16 By Friday, turn in a 1-page report from your group including A paragraph outlining of the topic for your group paper. Reference citations to your popular press source or sources. Reference citations for at least 2 reliable sources that you have identified (e.g. peer-reviewed articles or government reports) that served as sources, or that cover the same topic closely.
3 Copenhagen Climate Summit 2009
4 Where are we now? We know what a glacier is We know how scientists communicate results Now we will explore how glaciers and ice sheets tell us about past climate Environmental clues embedded in ice (ice cores) Historical changes in the size of glaciers
5 ??? Crew processing an Antarctic ice core at NSF Ice Core Facility (NSF-ICF) in Denver T.J. Spruce Sean 1751-m core
6 SPICEcore drill operation
7 NSF Ice Core Facility - Denver a facility for storing, curating, and studying meteoric ice cores recovered from the glaciated regions of the world. NSF-ICF holds over 17,000 meters of ice core from various locations in Antarctica, Greenland, and North America.
8 Ice Cores as Paleo-Weather Stations What features of today s weather might you want to know about in a weather report? Temperature Precipitation Wind Pollution or air quality Others? What features of past weather and climate might you want to know about?
9 We can t measure the past climate as directly as today s weather Temperature of the ice today is not the same as the temperature of the snow when it fell long ago. Snow can warm up or cool down as it is buried and converted to ice (can t just stick a thermometer on an ice core, to measure temperature in the ancient past J). The direct memory of past air temperature has been overwritten by more recent air temperatures, i.e. the surface of the world knows only its present (or very recent) temperature. How can we learn what the temperature was back then?
10 We have to use proxies. What is a "proxy"? Proxies A measurable quantity that is used as a substitute for another (perhaps unmeasurable) quantity. (How does this relate to a Microsoft Inc. shareholders Annual Meeting?)
11 A Proxy for Past Temperature If we want to know what the temperature was in the past: We need to identify "something" that collected on the polar ice sheets in the past. Some characteristic about the "thing" deposited had to be different when it was deposited at different temperatures (so that we have a "handle" to go back and deduce what the temperature was back then). Obviously the characteristic that we are interested in should always have the same value for the same temperature.
12 Groups of Curious Scientists seek a "Proxy" Temperature Record Suppose that in the past, somebody threw a handful of colored beads onto a polar ice sheet every day. On warm days, the beads were red. On cold days, the beads were blue. On average days the beads were white. Many years later, we drill through the ice sheet, to discover the temperature history here. What is the "thing" that we collect as a temperature proxy? What is the characteristic of the "thing" that we want to convert to a temperature record? Suppose bead throwers were fickle, and changed their minds day by day, on what temperature constituted a "cold" day. Maybe one day they thought 30 o C was cold, but the next day they thought -30 o C was "average", and -50 o C was cold. Would you still like this proxy record?
13 Composition of Atoms Remember that the nucleus of any atom is made up of protons (which have a + charge), and neutrons (which have no charge). The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons (with - charge) in orbits specified by rules from quantum mechanics (which will not be on the next test!). The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, in order to preserve the charge balance.
14 The Periodic Table The number of electrons in an atom determines which element it is in the periodic table. Why is that? An atom uses its electrons to form chemical bonds with other atoms. Its neutrons don t matter (much).
15 Stable isotopes of Oxygen OXYGEN atoms in the natural environment come in 2 forms, or "isotopes". This is also true for oxygen in water molecules (H 2 O). The 2 isotopes, oxygen-18 ( 18 O) and oxygen-16 ( 16 O) are both stable atoms (i.e. they not radioactive). The only difference is that 18 O has 2 extra neutrons in its nucleus, making each 18 O atom a little bit heavier than an 16 O atom. Approximately 1 in every 500 oxygen atoms is an 18 O atom. There are also a few oxygen molecules with 9 neutrons, but oxygen-17 ( 17 O) is very rare.
16 Stable isotopes of Oxygen 16 O and 18 O
17 Stable Isotopes and Environmental Research An H 2 O molecule can contain either 18 O or 16 O. In the 1950 s scientists knew that: When it rains, the molecules with 18 O tend to fall out preferentially in the rain. They asked the questions: Where does rain water come from? Can meteorologists track water back to its source using 18 O?
18 Willi Dansgaard s Mystery A young Danish physicist was interested in isotopes as a tracer in rainwater in the 1950 s. Here is one of his early, very sophisticated experiments on rainwater in Copenhagen in Although Carlsberg has often funded ice-core science in Denmark, the 18 O content, and ultimate fate of initial contents of this high-tech laboratory research vessel have been lost to the history of science J W. Dansgaard Frozen Annals Greenland Ice Cap Research. Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen.
19 On a research trip to Greenland to study precipitation, Willi Dansgaard took samples of ice from several icebergs. He found large differences in the ratio of 18 O to 16 O among icebergs. Some values were like rain and snow that Dansgaard collected along the coast. Others had much less 18 O. What was going on here?
20 Willi Dansgaard s Icebergs The icebergs came from glaciers that drain the center of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The icebergs with lower amounts of 18 O came from deep in the glaciers. The icebergs with higher amounts of 18 O came from shallower in the glaciers. Which ice had traveled farther? Which ice was older? Is this a climate-change story? ELA Maybe
21 δ 18 O - a way to report isotope ratios = 18 R 16 O R is the ratio of 18 O atoms to 16 O atoms in a sample. O Geochemists find it is easier to measure the difference between the ratio R sample of 18 O to 16 O in a sample and the ratio R standard of 18 O to 16 O in a reference standard, than it is to measure the absolute amount of 18 O in a sample. Definition of δ 18 O δ 18 O = R sample R R standard standard 1000 The standard is called Standard Mean Ocean Water, or SMOW.
22 TCS (Team Curious Scientists) figures out δ 18 O = 18 R 16 O O δ 18 O R is the ratio of 18 O atoms to 16 O atoms in a sample. = R sample R R standard standard 1000 The standard is called Standard Mean Ocean Water, or SMOW. You can buy it from IAEA (Intl Atomic Energy Agency). What is the δ-value of the water in your bottle of SMOW (from Trader SMOW s J)? Why do you think scientists might define δ this way?
23 It s a Nutty World You are watching the Super Bowl along with a Bowl of Super-Duper Mixed Nuts. Every 15 minutes, you reach in, stir up the nuts, and then you take out a handful. You then also reach back into the bowl and pick out a few extra cashews, and add them to your handful. You eat your handful of nuts. What has just happened to the cashews as a fraction of the remaining nut mix? The remaining nut mixture is progressively more depleted in cashews after every handful. The decreasing fraction of cashews in the bowl can be related directly to the number of handfuls that you have extracted, or to the time into the game.
24 δ 18 O and Cloud Temperature Water vapor evaporates from a tropical or temperate ocean. Vapor moves toward the polar regions in storm systems. Whenever an air mass cools by 1 o C, a predictable fraction of the vapor condenses, and falls out as rain or snow. The heavy isotope preferentially falls out in the rain or snow in a predictable way. [like your extra cashews]. The remaining vapor in the cloud is progressively more depleted in the heavy isotope as the air mass cools. [like the cashews remaining in your nut bowl] The isotopic composition δ 18 O of the precipitation can be related directly to the amount of rain or snow that has fallen from the clouds, or to the temperature in the clouds where the droplets condensed from water vapor.
25 δ 18 O as a Temperature Proxy
26 Choosing an Ice-Core Site Near the summit is often best. Climate signal relates to the same place for ice of all ages. Layers get thinner over time due to flow. When are layers too thin to resolve annual signal?
27 Willi Dansgaard s Legacy. egrip NEGIS South Dome core Dye 3 (Cold War radar site). Core went back into last ice age. Summit - GRIP 1992/GISP cores, 30 km apart. 110 ka ice. Fast climate changes are not iceflow artifacts. NGRIP Recovered ice from end of previous warm interglacial period (>110 ka BP). NEEM drilling finished in 2012 Found ice from entire previous warm interglacial period. NGRIP Currently underway Studying NEGIS(ice-stream) onset.
28 Dating an Ice Core GISP2 ice core, ~20,000 years old
29 Age-Depth relation for central Greenland From an ice-flow model. How many years of ice can we recover in 1 meter of core at each depth? How old is the oldest recoverable ice?
30 Going backwards in the Time Machine Holocene 0-10ka BP Climate stable and warm. Human civilizations and agriculture are possible. Younger Dryas ka Last gasp of the Ice Age. δ 18 O a proxy for past temperatures in Greenland 20 o C Wisconsinan Ice Age, ka Huge and fast transitions in climate in just a few years (sometimes in less than a decade). All humans are hunter-gatherers (Why would anyone want to be a farmer in a world like this?)
Ice core-based climate research in Denmark
June 16, 2009 Ice core-based climate research in Denmark Sune Olander Rasmussen Center coordinator and postdoc Centre for Ice and Climate Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Temperature and CO
More informationClimate Change. Unit 3
Climate Change Unit 3 Aims Is global warming a recent short term phenomenon or should it be seen as part of long term climate change? What evidence is there of long-, medium-, and short- term climate change?
More informationIce Age Canada. Is Canada a nation without a future? The oxygen-18 profile shapes the answer
Ice Age Canada Is Canada a nation without a future? The oxygen-18 profile shapes the answer By Rolf A. F. Witzsche 2013 Published by Cygni Communications Ltd. Canada In love with our humanity: This is
More informationFrom Isotopes to Temperature: Using Ice Core Data!
From Isotopes to Temperature: Using Ice Core Data! Spruce W. Schoenemann schoes@uw.edu UWHS Atmospheric Sciences 211 May 2013 Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington Seattle http://www.uwpcc.washington.edu
More informationESS Glaciers and Global Change
ESS 203 - Glaciers and Global Change Wednesday January 10, 2018. Turn in writing assignment (Frozen Earth, Chapter 1) Turn in any more Day-1 Questionnaires. Today s highlights on Friday 60-second highlights
More informationWinter 2010, Play That Tune One More Time. By Art Horn, Meteorologist
Winter 2010, Play That Tune One More Time. By Art Horn, Meteorologist On October 21 st the Associated Press came out with a story entitled Sea Ice Melting as Arctic Temperatures Rise. The gulp in my throat
More informationGeochemistry of Ice Cores: Stable Isotopes, Gases, and Past Climate
ESS 431 PRINCIPLES OF GLACIOLOGY ESS 505 THE CRYOSPHERE Geochemistry of Ice Cores: Stable Isotopes, Gases, and Past Climate NOVEMBER 23, 2016 Ed Waddington 715 ATG 543-4585 edw@uw.edu Sources Lecture notes
More informationClimate and Environment
Climate and Environment Oxygen Isotope Fractionation and Measuring Ancient Temperatures Oxygen Isotope Ratio Cycles Oxygen isotope ratio cycles are cyclical variations in the ratio of the mass of oxygen
More informationPleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks
Pleistocene Glaciation (Ch.14) Geologic evidence Milankovitch cycles Glacial climate feedbacks End of last ice-age rise of human civilization Modern ice-ages begin Asteroid impact end of dinosaurs Cambrian
More informationName Date Class. growth rings of trees, fossilized pollen, and ocean. in the northern hemisphere.
Lesson Outline LESSON 2 A. Long-Term Cycles 1. A(n) climate cycle takes much longer than a lifetime to complete. a. To learn about long-term climate cycles, scientists study natural records, such as growth
More information2nd Grade. Earth's Water. Slide 1 / 111 Slide 2 / 111. Slide 3 / 111. Slide 4 / 111. Slide 5 (Answer) / 111. Slide 5 / 111. Role of Water on Earth
Slide 1 / 111 Slide 2 / 111 2nd Grade Role of Water on Earth 2015-11-20 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 111 Slide 4 / 111 Table of Contents: The Role of Water on Earth Earth's Water The Use of Maps Click on the
More informationThe Sun and Water Cycle
The last time you took a shower, did you think about where the water came from? Sure, it came out of the showerhead, but what about before that? The water you used to wash could have spent time in the
More informationThe sun and water cycle
reflect The last time you took a shower, did you think about where the water came from? Sure, it came out of the showerhead, but what about before that? The water you used to wash could have spent time
More informationWeather and climate. reflect. what do you think? look out!
reflect You re going on vacation in a week and you have to start thinking about what clothes you re going to pack for your trip. You ve read the weather reports for your vacation spot, but you know that
More informationDescribing Cause and Effect
Introduction RI.3.3 Describe the relationship between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text, using language that pertains to... cause/effect.
More information"Then God said, 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters." Genesis 1:6
1 Meteorology "Then God said, 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters." Genesis 1:6 1 Vocabulary Evaporation the process that changes liquid water
More informationTerrestrial Atmospheres
Terrestrial Atmospheres Why Is There Air? An atmosphere is a layer of gas trapped by the gravity of a planet or moon. Here s Earth s atmosphere viewed from orbit: Why Is There Air? If atoms move faster
More informationTo understand how we measure ancient temperature, you need to know about oxygen isotopes. Pleistocene Climate. Clouds, rain, and oxygen isotopes
To understand how we measure ancient temperature, you need to know about oxygen isotopes Pleistocene Climate Alan R. Rogers February 20, 2014 There are several types of oxygen atoms, called isotopes The
More information1. What is the definition of uniformitarianism? 2. What is the definition of organic? 4. What is the definition of inorganic?
Earth Science Unit 3- History of the Earth Knowledge Packet Learning Target 3B: Have you ever thought about the history of the Earth? No, well you should have because it s pretty cool. Things like mountain
More informationRuddiman CHAPTER 13. Earth during the LGM ca. 20 ka BP
Ruddiman CHAPTER 13 Earth during the LGM ca. 20 ka BP The Last Glacial Maximum When? How much more ice than today? How much colder was it than today (global average)? How much lower were snowlines? Did
More informationThe oxygen isotope sweet simulation Demonstrating how the oxygen isotope proxy records past Earth temperatures
The oxygen isotope sweet simulation Demonstrating how the oxygen isotope proxy records past Earth temperatures Oxygen has two common isotopes; 16 O has an atomic mass of 16 and is the common oxygen molecule
More information2006 UAH REGIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD DYNAMIC PLANET EXAM
2006 UAH REGIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIAD DYNAMIC PLANET EXAM INSTRUCTIONS WRITE YOUR GROUP NUMBER ON THE ANSWER SHEET NOW!!! Do not open the test until we tell you. Write your answers ONLY on the answer sheet.
More informationRapid climate change in ice cores
Rapid climate change in ice cores Liz Thomas British Antarctic Survey Overview Introduction to ice cores Evidence of rapid climate change in the Greenland ice cores DO events Younger Dryas 8.2 kyr cold
More informationWeather and Climate 1. Elements of the weather
Weather and Climate 1 affect = to have an effect on, influence, change altitude = the height of a place above the sea axis = the line around which an object rotates certain = special consist of = to be
More informationNAME GEOL.2150 FORENSIC GEOLOGY CARBON-14 DATING
NAME GEOL.2150 FORENSIC GEOLOGY CARBON-14 DATING I. Introduction One of the tools available to scientists who study ancient history (natural and human) is carbon-14 dating (also known as carbon dating
More informationUnit 5 Lesson 3 How is Weather Predicted? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Tracking the Weather Warm up 1 Why is it important to watch the weather forecast before traveling to another country? Tracking the Weather A meteorologist is a scientist who studies weather. Meteorologists
More informationEarth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More information1 Development of the Atomic Theory
CHAPTER 4 1 Development of the Atomic Theory SECTION Introduction to Atoms BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is the atomic theory? How has
More information8. Climate changes Short-term regional variations
8. Climate changes 8.1. Short-term regional variations By short-term climate changes, we refer here to changes occurring over years to decades. Over this timescale, climate is influenced by interactions
More informationWELCOME TO PERIOD 14:CLIMATE CHANGE. Homework #13 is due today.
WELCOME TO PERIOD 14:CLIMATE CHANGE Homework #13 is due today. Note: Homework #14 due on Thursday or Friday includes using a web site to calculate your carbon footprint. You should complete this homework
More informationWeather What is weather? Weather. is the study of our atmosphere. Atmosphere literally means vapor (atmos) of a sphere.
Weather What is weather? Weather is the study of our atmosphere. Atmosphere literally means vapor (atmos) of a sphere. Our atmosphere is made up of 4 basic layers: The outermost layer is the thermosphere
More informationMARS INSIDE AND OUT.
GEOLOGIC SCENE INVESTIGATOR JOURNAL MARS INSIDE AND OUT Explore! Mars Inside and Out Investigator Name www.lpi.usra.edu/education PART I: SCRATCHING THE SURFACE GSI: INSIDE MARS COOLING CUPCAKES AND PLANETS
More informationAn Arctic Perspective on Climate Change
An Arctic Perspective on Climate Change 23 Oct 2012 Gifford Miller (and many others) University of Colorado Boulder The Earth is warming How do we know? Temperature Anomaly ( C) It s a fact Global Land
More informationChapter Introduction. Weather. Patterns. Forecasts Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Describing Weather Weather Patterns Weather Forecasts Chapter Wrap-Up How do scientists describe and predict weather? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationTHIRD GRADE WATER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
THIRD GRADE WATER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WATER CYCLE OVERVIEW OF THIRD GRADE WATER WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing the different components of the water cycle. LAB: Contrasting water with hydrogen peroxide.
More informationThere are 100 boxes in the table below.
Classwork #1 Earth s Water Name: There are 100 boxes in the table below. 1. Color 97 of them blue. This is how much of the water is in the ocean. 2. Color 2 and ½ of the boxes green. This is water in glaciers
More informationUnderstanding past climate change
Steven J. Phipps ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science Climate Change Research Centre University of New South Wales CLIM1001 Introduction to Climate Change 3 September 2013 1 Why past climates
More informationESS Glaciers and Global Change
ESS 203 - Glaciers and Global Change Friday January 12, 2018 Turn in writing assignment. Today s highlights next Wednesday: 60-second highlights of last lecture Tore Landboe Outline for the day Why is
More informationClouds and Rain Unit (3 pts)
Name: Section: Clouds and Rain Unit (Topic 8A-2) page 1 Clouds and Rain Unit (3 pts) As air rises, it cools due to the reduction in atmospheric pressure Air mainly consists of oxygen molecules and nitrogen
More informationOutline 24: The Holocene Record
Outline 24: The Holocene Record Climate Change in the Late Cenozoic New York Harbor in an ice-free world (= Eocene sea level) Kenneth Miller, Rutgers University An Ice-Free World: eastern U.S. shoreline
More information/ Past and Present Climate
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.842 / 12.301 Past and Present Climate Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Ice Sheet Paleoclimatology
More informationDeltaScience. Content Readers. Summary. Science Background. Objectives. Reading Comprehension Skills. Supporting English Learners
DeltaScience Content Readers TM Objectives Understand what causes weather. Explore weather factors related to air. Red Edition Grade 3 4 reading level Purple Edition Grade 4 5 reading level Explore weather
More informationOur Planet Earth. I nteractions of Earth Systems
CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2 Our Planet Earth I nteractions of Earth Systems Key Concepts How does the water cycle show interactions of Earth systems? How does weather show interactions of Earth systems? How does
More informationThink about It. Goals In this activity you will: The cross section of a tree trunk shows numerous rings.
Activity 2 Paleoclimates Goals In this activity you will: Understand the significance of growth rings in trees as indicators of environmental change. Understand the significance of ice cores from glaciers
More informationFuture Climate and Sea Level
Future Climate and Sea Level Tonight: 2 nd night on human changes and controversy around them. three night series : 1) An Inconvenient truth 2) Impacts: Observed Warming and Projected Sea Level Changes
More informationIce Sheets and Sea Level -- Concerns at the Coast (Teachers Guide)
Ice Sheets and Sea Level -- Concerns at the Coast (Teachers Guide) Roughly 153 million Americans (~53% of the US population) live in coastal counties. World wide some 3 billion people live within 200 km
More information9.11 Atomic Theory. My Future Matters. Objectives: - SWBAT describe and explain the four historical models of the atom and how they evolved over time.
9.11 Atomic Theory Objectives: - SWBAT describe and explain the four historical models of the atom and how they evolved over time. Read & Analyze: Directions: Read the following text. While you are reading
More informationanemometer a weather instrument that measures wind speed with wind-catching cups (SRB, IG)
FOSS Weather on Earth Module Glossary 3 rd Edition 2012 absorb to soak in air the mixture of gases surrounding Earth air pressure the force exerted on a surface by the mass of the air above it anemometer
More informationAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table
chapter 00 3 3 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table section 1 Structure of Matter Before You Read Take a deep breath. What fills your lungs? Can you see it or hold it in your hand? What You ll Learn
More informationSpectral Lines. I've done that with sunlight. You see the whole rainbow because the prism breaks the light into all of its separate colors.
Spectral Lines At the end of 19th century, physicists knew there were electrons inside atoms, and that the wiggling of these electrons gave off light and other electromagnetic radiation. But there was
More informationEarth/Space Systems and Cycles (SOL 4.6)
Earth/Space Systems and Cycles (SOL 4.6) Temperature is the measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere. Air pressure is due to the weight of the air and is determined by several factors including
More informationThe Dynamic Earth Section 3. Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere DAY 1
Chapter 3 The Dynamic Earth Section 3: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere DAY 1 The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere includes all of the water on or near the Earth s surface. This includes water in the oceans, lakes,
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationI T A T I O N H B I T B T V A O C J K M R S A T M O S P H E R E
Word Search Directions: Below are definitions of vocabulary terms. Figure out each term and then find and circle it in the puzzle. Words may appear horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. K E M I S S
More informationPre and Post-Visit Activities. Water, Water Everywhere
Pre and Post-Visit Activities Water, Water Everywhere Table of Contents: Important Information: 2 Vocabulary: 3 Pre-Visit Activities: 4 Post-Visit Activities: 5 Vocabulary Word Search: 6 Journey of Water
More informationMCMURDO DRY VALLEYS ANTARCTICA
POLAR WEEKEND MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS ANTARCTICA TOPIC: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, An Ecosystem of microbial life PROJECT PERSONNEL: Dr. Andrew G. Fountain, Geologist, Portland State University, Portland Oregon
More informationLecture 10 Glaciers and glaciation
Lecture 10 Glaciers and glaciation Outline Importance of ice to people! Basics of glaciers formation, classification, mechanisms of movement Glacial landscapes erosion and deposition by glaciers and the
More informationMIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE LABORATORY 1ST SEMESTER
Name: Date: Teacher: MR. ALBERT HERNANDEZ Grade: 1 A I. Read the text below and answer the questions that follows. A) Phases of the moon. As the moon orbits around Earth, different parts of it appear to
More informationDeep Ocean Circulation & implications for Earth s climate
Deep Ocean Circulation & implications for Earth s climate I. Ocean Layers and circulation types 1) Ocean Layers Ocean is strongly Stratified Consists of distinct LAYERS controlled by density takes huge
More informationExploring The Polar Connection to Sea Level Rise NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas Science & Engineering Crosscutting Concepts
Exploring The Polar Connection to Sea Level Rise NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas Science & Engineering Crosscutting Concepts Practices MS - ESS: Earth & Space Science 1. Ask questions 2. Developing and using
More informationToday we will discuss global climate: how it has changed in the past, and how the current status and possible future look.
Global Climate Change Today we will discuss global climate: how it has changed in the past, and how the current status and possible future look. If you live in an area such as the Mississippi delta (pictured)
More informationWelcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming.
Welcome to ATMS 111 Global Warming http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2010q1/111 Isotopic Evidence 16 O isotopes "light 18 O isotopes "heavy" Evaporation favors light Rain favors heavy Cloud above ice is
More informationPd: Date: Page # Describing Weather -- Lesson 1 Study Guide
Name: Pd: Date: Page # Describing Weather -- Lesson 1 Study Guide Rating Before Learning Goals Rating After 1 2 3 4 Describe weather. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 List and define the variables used to describe weather.
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationEarth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons
Earth s Heat Budget Solar energy and the global heat budget Transfer of heat drives weather and climate Ocean circulation A. Rotation of the Earth B. Distance from the Sun C. Variations of Earth s orbit
More information1 Development of the Atomic Theory
CHAPTER 11 1 Development of the Atomic Theory SECTION Introduction to Atoms BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is the atomic theory? How has
More informationNASA/UCAR/NESTA: Clues to Climates of the Past
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP NASA/UCAR/NESTA: Clues to Climates of the Past Presented by: Dr. Randy Russell Tuesday, September 28, 2010 6:30 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. Eastern time Clues to Climates
More informationWeather Maps. The Sun s radiation produces weather on Earth.
Sunny days give way to rainy days. Storms appear, then fade away. Howling winds become gentle breezes. At one o clock on an autumn afternoon, an outdoor thermometer reads 20 C. An hour later, the temperature
More informationLecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework due Thursday Nov. 12. What we ll learn today:! Learning Objectives (LO)
Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 21: Glaciers and Paleoclimate Read: Chapter 15 Homework due Thursday Nov. 12 What we ll learn today:! 1. 1. Glaciers and where they occur! 2. 2. Compare depositional and
More informationHYDROSPHERE NOTES. Water cycle: The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources.
Hon Environmental Science HYDROSPHERE NOTES The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle: Water cycle: The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources. Evaporation: the
More information9.1- Earth Forms and Life Begins
9.1- Earth Forms and Life Begins About Earth: Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago! The first life on earth appeared about 4 billion years ago Life started out as small, single-celled organisms
More informationChapter 5: Weather. Only Section 1: What is Weather?
Chapter 5: Weather Only Section 1: What is Weather? Find the definitions of: Meteorology, meteorologist, weather, climate Not in book? Use the dictionaries **Meteorology - Meteorology is the study of the
More informationActivity 2.2: Expert Group B Worksheet
Name Teacher Date Activity 2.2: Expert Group B Worksheet In your expert group, complete each task answer the questions related to each task. In the next activity, you will explain your phenomenon to your
More informationWeather and Climate. An Introduction
Weather and Climate An Introduction Basic Plant Anatomy Leaves Absorbs sunlight to produce glucose for food Roots Supports the plant, absorbs water & minerals Flower Attracting pollinators to help with
More informationACTIVITY II: THE FATE OF THE LARSEN S, A FAMILY OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHELVES
ACTIVITY II: THE FATE OF THE LARSEN S, A FAMILY OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHELVES Ice Shelves play a critical role in Antarctica, serving as a buffer between the ocean and the continental ice sheet covering the
More information1. Adélie Penguins have lived in the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula for only the last several hundred years.
The History of Penguin Did You Know? Colonies 1. Adélie Penguins have lived in the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula for only the last several hundred years. 2. Adélie Penguins lived at Beaufort
More informationEarth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons
Earth s Heat Budget Solar energy and the global heat budget Transfer of heat drives weather and climate Ocean circulation A. Rotation of the Earth B. Distance from the Sun C. Variations of Earth s orbit
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning:! What is an atmosphere?! How does the greenhouse effect warm
More informationPaleoceanography Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.740 Paleoceanography Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY 12.740 SPRING
More informationICE CORES AND CLIMATE
ICE CORES AND CLIMATE Media Either Hype Complex, Slow Events. Introduction to Glaciology Þröstur Þorsteinsson ThrosturTh@hi.is CLIMATE RECORDS Throstur Thorsteinsson ThrosturTh@hi.is Environment and Natural
More informationEvidence of Climate Change in Glacier Ice and Sea Ice
Evidence of Climate Change in Glacier Ice and Sea Ice John J. Kelley Institute of Marine Science School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Evidence for warming of the Arctic
More informationChapter 1 The Nature Of Science. Scientists are much like detectives trying to solve a mystery. Problem: What caused the huge ocean waves?
Chapter 1 The Nature Of Science Section 1 Science All Around Mysteries and Problems Scientists are much like detectives trying to solve a mystery. 1996- While looking through historical data, scientists
More information3 Weather and Climate
CHAPTER 22 3 Weather and Climate SECTION The Atmosphere KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are fronts? What are some types of severe weather? How is climate different
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Earth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Pressure
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationRock Dating 5/2/17. Catalyst: How do scientists know how old artifacts are and when ancient events happened in earth s history?
Catalyst: How do scientists know how old artifacts are and when ancient events happened in earth s history? Rock Dating 5/2/17 44L 44R Relative Dating/Absolute Dating Relative Dating: An estimated age
More informationTales of the Past. Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education
Tales of the Past Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education http://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/trb4/downloads/literacy4.pdf Do you like mystery and intrigue? Do you like to do detective
More informationDetermining the age of fossils
Sea shells seem to be everywhere. Most of the time you will find them on beaches, but every now and then, you may find them far from the sea. For example, you may have found a shell stuck in a rock high
More informationHurricanes. Where's the Really Bad Weather 1. What: Rotating wind/rain storm Winds from 75 to 200 mph As big as 600 miles wide
Where's the Really Bad Weather 1 Hurricanes What: Rotating wind/rain storm Winds from 75 to 200 mph As big as 600 miles wide Where: Start over oceans, fizzle out over land Investigation 1 What is Weather?
More informationWhat happened Before. reflect
reflect Sea shells seem to be everywhere. Most of the time, you will find them on beaches. But every now and then, you might find them far from the sea. For example, you might find a shell stuck in a rock
More informationClimate Change or Climate Variability?
Climate Change or Climate Variability? Key Concepts: Greenhouse Gas Climate Climate change Climate variability Climate zones Precipitation Temperature Water cycle Weather WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 1. You will
More information1. Deglacial climate changes
Review 3 Major Topics Deglacial climate changes (last 21,000 years) Millennial oscillations (thousands of years) Historical Climate Change (last 1000 years) Climate Changes Since the 1800s Climate Change
More informationThe ocean s overall role in climate
The ocean s overall role in climate - moderates climate in time (diurnally, annually) - redistributes heat spatially in the largescale ocean circulation - lower albedo (sea ice higher albedo) - dry atmosphere
More informationIntroduction. Sunny Partly Cloudy Cloudy. Flurries Snow Ice. Showers Thunderstorms Rain. High Pressure Low Pressure FRONTS. Cold Warm Stationary
Introduction Weather can change from minute to minute, hour to hour, day to day, or season to season. Meteorologists are scientists who study Earth s atmosphere in order to predict these changes. Meteorologists
More informationScience Standard 1: Students analyze monthly precipitation and temperature records, displayed in bar charts, collected in metric units (mm).
Title: Precipitation Patterns across the Globe NSF GK-12 Fellow: Terry Legg Type of Lesson: STEM Grade Level(s): 4 th - 7 th grade This activity can be tailored to older, more advanced students by having
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationGuided Notes: Atmosphere Layers of the Atmosphere
Guided Notes: Atmosphere Layers of the Atmosphere Atmosphere: Absorbs solar radiation, Burns up meteors, transports and recycles water, and other chemicals, and moderates climate Main Components: o Meteorology
More informationWHAT IS WEATHER? many kinds of weather, such as hot, cold, sunny, rainy, snowy, and windy. Storms and winds can change the weather in a hurry.
WHAT IS WEATHER? Weather tells us what the outside air is like. There are Why did the woman go outside with her purse open? She thought there was going to be some change in the weather! many kinds of weather,
More informationClimate Change. Presenter s Script
General Instructions Presenter s Script You will have 15 minutes to present your activity. When you hear the air horn blow, you will begin your presentation (please do not start presenting until the air
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE IN ARCTIC AND ALPINE AREAS
CLIMATE CHANGE IN ARCTIC AND ALPINE AREAS 1. Introduction 2. Data sources: glaciers 3. Data sources: ice cores 4. Patterns and mechanisms 5. Feedbacks and surprises Striations (evidence of glacial erosion)
More information