Testing DAMA/LIBRA signal with ANAIS-112
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1 Testing DAMA/LIBRA signal with ANAIS-112 M. Martinez, On behalf of the ANAIS coll. 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham
2 OUTLINE The ANAIS program Detectors performance Background ANAIS-112 status & prospects Summary J. Amaré, S. Cebrián, C. Cuesta, E. García, M. Martínez, M.A. Oliván, Y. Ortigoza, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, J. Puimedón, M.L. Sarsa, J.A. Villar, P. Villar M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 2
3 The ANAIS program Detectors performance Background ANAIS-112 status & prospects Summary M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 3
4 ANAIS: Annual Modulation with NaIScintillators Confirmation of DAMA-LIBRA modulation signal: same target and technique different experimental approach different environmental conditions affecting systematics ANAIS 3x3 matrix of 12.5 kg cylindrical NaI(Tl) modules (112.5 kg of active mass) At Canfranc Underground Laboratory (SPAIN) 2450 m.w.e. M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 4
5 9.6 kg Saint-Gobain The ANAIS program ANAIS-0 2 X 12.5 kg Alpha Spectra Inc. ANAIS-25 ANAIS kg BICRON DM-32 ANAIS-37 3 X 12.5 kg Alpha Spectra Inc. ANAIS X 12.5 kg Alpha Spectra Inc. M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 5
6 ANAIS detectors 12.5 kg NaI(Tl) modules: AS, Co (US) from NaI selected powder 4.75 φ x length cylindrical shape OFE copper encapsulation+ Teflon diffusor Mylar window for low energy calibration Two optical windows for PMT coupling PMTs: Ham12669SEL2 with high quantum efficiency (>33%) and low dark current Electroformed copper PMT housing made at LSC facility Voltage dividers made of Cuflon PCB no light guides to increase light collection M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 6
7 Experimental features High duty cycle ANAIS-25-III Down time (4%) Muon-tagging system Individual PMT signals digitized 2GS/s with high resolution (14 bits) Live time (95.2%) Dead time (0.8%) Radon-free low energy calibration system Robust algorithm for peak low Energy! Monitor environmental parameters: (External radon air content, humidity, temperature (inside/outside/electronics), pressure, antiradon N 2 flux, PMT HV, gain, trigger rate and level, coincidence window Electronics: Air conditioned room to decouple from temperature fluctuations M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 7
8 The ANAIS program Detectors performance Background ANAIS-112 status & prospects Summary M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 8
9 LSC so far D0 / D1 modules: First AS modules grown with purified NaI powder under 90ppb Dec 2012: ANAIS-25 set-up D2 module: WIMPScint-II Received at LSC powder, in Dec 2012 Improved protocols to reduce 210 Pb March 2015: ANAIS-37 set-up (D0+D2+D1) D3 module: WIMPScint-III powder, Improved powder purification to reduce potassium March 2016: ANAIS-37 set-up (D0+D3+D2) D4 / D5 modules: WIMPScint-III powder just LSC M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 9
10 Light Collection: excellent!! Detector D0 D1 setup ANAIS25 ANAIS37 ANAIS37 ANAIS25 (*) ANAIS25 ANAIS37 Light collected 22 kev D2 ANAIS ± ± ± Received ± 0.1 at LSC in Dec ± ± ± 0.1 D3 ANAIS ± 0.5 (*)PMT: Ham R11065 All AS Detectors in all setups: Excellent light collection that translates into good energy resolution and threshold M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 10
11 Counts/bin Energy threshold Trigger threshold below 1 kev with high trigger efficiency Trigger efficiency determined by coincidences between high energy gammas and low energy events in adjacent modules. Data selection at Low E: multiparametric cut -Number of peaks in the pulse (>2 per PMT) -Temporal parameters of the total light pulse -Asymmetry in the light sharing Robust acceptance efficiency Estimate (during 109 Cd/ 57 Co calibrations) 0.9 kev events: 0.9 kev PMT1 PMT2 Acceptance efficiency after cuts Received at LSC 0.6 in March Energy (kev) D0 D1 D3 D2 M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 11
12 Counts/bin Counts/bin Energy calibration: linearity Linear calibration down to 0.9 kev! D0 events 109 Cd Checked with calibration lines & internal lowe depositions D0 D0 events 22 Na 40 K Residual (kev) M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 12
13 The ANAIS program Detectors performance Background ANAIS-112 status & prospects Summary M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 13
14 Detector internal contaminants 40 K 238 U 210 Pb 232 Th D0 D1 D2 D3 1.4 mbq/kg (45 ppb K) 1.1 mbq/kg (34 ppb K) 1.1 mbq/kg (34 ppb K) 0.6 mbq/kg (19 ppb K) 9 μbq/kg 3.15 mbq/kg 5 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 3 μbq/kg ( 212 Bi-Po) 9 μbq/kg 3.15 mbq/kg 4 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 2.7 μbq/kg 0.70 mbq/kg ~4 μbq/kg ~1.8 mbq/kg 1 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 1 μbq/kg ( 212 Bi-Po) 0,6 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 0,6 μbq/kg ( 212 Bi-Po) Very good levels of 238 U & 232 Th Acceptable levels of 40 K (improved in last module to the DAMA upper limit) 210 Pb out-of-equilibrium contamination, improved in D2, but increased again in D3 M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 14
15 Detector internal contaminants 40 K 238 U 210 Pb 232 Th D0 D1 D2 D3 1.4 mbq/kg (45 ppb K) 1.1 mbq/kg (34 ppb K) 1.1 mbq/kg (34 ppb K) 0.6 mbq/kg (19 ppb K) 9 μbq/kg 3.15 mbq/kg 5 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 3 μbq/kg ( 212 Bi-Po) 9 μbq/kg 3.15 mbq/kg 4 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 2.7 μbq/kg 0.70 mbq/kg ~4 μbq/kg ~1.8 mbq/kg 1 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 1 μbq/kg ( 212 Bi-Po) 0,6 μbq/kg ( 220 Rn- 216 Po) 0,6 μbq/kg ( 212 Bi-Po) 2.0 Received at LSC 1.8 in March 2015D3 Projected value 210 Po activity is being built Alpha Rate (mbq/kg) D2 D Days (since 12 th March 2015) M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 15
16 Studying 210 Pb contamination Origin of the 210 Pb contamination is under study in collaboration with AS 1 kg crystals tests at LSC Two of the samples measured by now are below 0.7 mbq/kg (D2 level) M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 16
17 low E Dominated by 210 Pb (continuum) & 40 K (peak) contaminations in the crystal Cosmogenics still decaying in D3 Working to improve filtering protocols below 2 kev M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 17
18 D0 module Background budget D2 module D3 module In all detectors: continuum excess at low energy can be explained by including 3 H and 210 Pb at a surface depth from μm D2 module Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76:429 M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 18
19 The ANAIS program Detectors performance Background ANAIS-112 status & prospects Summary M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 19
20 ANAIS-112 Status D4 & D5 arrived at LSC! D4 -> same ingot as D3 D5 -> same ingot as AS2K2/3 Nov 14 th : Start data-taking for bkg assesment SCHEDULE (if required 210 Pb & 40 K levels confirmed) Start D6, D7, D8 (ASK2/3 ingot) purchasing immediately (MD funding) production: 6/8 weeks transport: 4 weeks February: Mounting ANAIS-112 End February/ beginning March: START DATA-TAKING M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 20
21 ANAIS-112 sensitivity 1-6 kevee region Received at LSC in Dec 2012 D2 background level 5 years data taking Detection limit at 90% C.L. for a critical limit at 90% C.L. (Following S. Cebrián et al., Astroparticle Physics 14, 2001, 339) M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 21
22 Liquid Scintillator Veto Simulation It could be incorporated to ANAIS-112 in a second phase of the experiment LSVc 3.8 t LAB scintillator LSVb 1.7 t LAB scintillator (fits in present experimental setup) R.F. (%) 40 K from crystals R.F. (%) 22 Na from crystals R.F. (%) PMTs R.F. (%) All 3x3 modules x3 modules + LSVb (500 kev threshold) x3 modules + LSVb x3 modules + LSVc (500 kev threshold) x3 modules + LSVc M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 22
23 Summary ANAIS experimental proposal: kg (3x3 crystals matrix) of NaI(Tl) at LSC: 6 modules available at LSC (75 kg) /waiting for 3 more with improved radiopurity Blind Analysis Strategy Good quality NaI(Tl) detectors from Alpha Received Spectra: at LSC in Dec 2012 Outstanding light collection Triggering at 1 kevee Potassium content at 20ppb level 210 Pb required level to be confirmed with D5 Shielding, DAQ system and software ready Received at at LSC LSC Hall in March B 2015 Expected to start data-taking by the beginning of March 2017 Neutron calibrations and REF measurements pending Good sensitivity prospects for exploring the DAMA/LIBRA signal in a model independent way: DISCOVERY POTENTIAL M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 23
24 THANKS!!! 24 M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham
25 SPARE M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 25
26 PMTs 2xHE PMT Ham12669SEL2 model coupled to each module at LSC clean room High Quantum Efficiency / Low dark current Electroformed copper housing made at LSC facility Voltage dividers made of Cuflon PCB PMT Radioactivity screening at LSC M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 26
27 DAQ DAQ hardware and software designed and tested with ANAIS-25 and ANAIS-37 set-ups Individual PMT signals digitized (*) and fully processed Trigger at phe level for each PMT Logical AND coincidence in 200ns window for each module triggering Redundant energy conversion in different ranges (digitized signal + QDCs) (Logical XOR trigger among different modules) * CAEN V1729A VME 6U board MATACQ chip * 14 bits / 2 GS/s * 300 MHz bandwidth * ±1V * 4 channels M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 27
28 Data analysis strategy M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 28
29 Background understanding Simulations of the different modules using Geant-4 package Input contamination determined by HPGe spectrometry for external components and PMTs, and taking internal contaminations values derived as shown before CRYSTAL mbq/kg 210 Pb mbq/kg 40 K (34-19 ppb K) 0.94 mbq/kg 129 I U/Th chains in the NaI bulk Cosmogenic backgrounds (all isotopes but 22 Na in saturation) PMTs Upper bounds on: Quartz window Silicone pads Copper housing Residual Radon Lead shielding + HYPOTHESIS: - Some 210 Pb at surface mbq/kg 3 H in the bulk Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76:429 M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 29
30 40 K D3 Vs D2 40 K evts in coincidence /kev/kg/day K-D3 40K-D Energy (kev) M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 30
31 Surface 210 Pb 210 Pb in the crysal surface could provide an explanation for the low energy background features c/(kev kg d) 1 100microm 50microm 40microm 30microm 20microm 10microm bulk energy (kev) M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 31
32 Liquid scintillator veto simulation LSVc 3.8 t LAB scintillator LSVb 1.7 t LAB scintillator It fits in present experimental configuration M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 32
33 Alpha spectrum counts/kg/day/10 kev Energy (MeV) D2 D0 D3 Alpha Rate (mbq/kg) D D3 Days (since 12 th March 2015) Very different alpha spectrum in D3 with respect to that of D2 Surface contaminations? M. Martínez, U. La Sapienza (Roma) 3rd IBS-MultiDark-IPPP Workshop, November 2016, Lumley Castel, Durham 33
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