-Notes Physical Properties and Changes. Chapter 5

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1 -Notes Physical Properties and Changes Chapter 5

2 (NOUNS) Substances have physical properties that can be described.

3 A substance can undergo a physical change, which is a PROCESS that must be observed.

4 A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the material. Examples of a physical property are: color, length, or shape.

5 The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid is the melting point, a physical property.

6 The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas is the boiling point, another physical property.

7 Attractive forces determine the melting and boiling points of a substance.

8 Molecules with weak attractions have low melting and boiling points.

9 Molecules with strong attractions have high melting and boiling points.

10

11 Pressure also affects the boiling point. The higher the air pressure, the higher the boiling point.

12 Density is mass per unit volume of a substance, and it is another physical property. The volumes are the same, but the density of the gas is less than the solid or liquid because there are fewer gas particles in the container.

13 Hardness is a physical property that shows how strongly the particles of a substance are held together. Diamonds are a form of carbon and are the hardest substance found in nature.

14 This table shows the differences between the structures of diamonds and graphite, both composed of carbon atoms.

15 Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer heat by collisions of its particles.

16 If one part of the metal is heated, the particles move quickly and collide with nearby particles, transferring heat. It s like a game of tag.

17 Gases have low thermal conductivity compared to solids because the particles are spread farther apart and do not collide as often.

18 Gases are sometimes sealed in windows because they do not conduct heat as easily as glass, so less heat is lost through the window.

19 Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer an electric charge.

20 Physical Changes (VERBS) A physical change is any process that changes the size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance is not changed. The form changes, not the identity. Boiling Water Melting Water Burning Sugar

21 Physical Changes stampedes è stampedes (same letter order, different font) Chemical Changes stampedes è made + steps (different letter order, different font)

22 Physical Changes Dissolving is mixing a substance into another substance to form a solution. Mixing is a physical change in which neither substance dissolves into the other.

23 Physical Changes Changes in state are also physical changes that are reversible: Melting and freezing Boiling and condensing Sublimation and deposition

24 7.3 Physical Properties and Changes When water changes to ice, it is undergoing a. A chemical change B physical change C radioactive decay D metallic change

25 7.3 Physical Properties and Changes Which of the following is NOT a physical change? A ice melting into water B sugar dissolving into water C sand and sugar mixing D burning a candle

26 7.3 Physical Properties and Changes Which of the following is NOT a physical property? A density B conductivity C hardness D all are physical properties

27 SCI 7.c is mass per unit volume of a substance. A Decay B Density C Hardness D Luster

28 & Changes P H Y S I 8 colored pictures too! C A L

29 7-3 Vocab Physical Properties & Changes text p density 2. physical property 3. melting point 4. boiling point 5. property 6. hardness 7. thermal 8. transfer 9. thermal conductivity 10. electrical conductivity 11. physical change 12. dissolving

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