Chemistry of organic compounds. Bridge course

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1 Chemistry of organic compounds Bridge course

2 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, excluding oxides, carbonates &bicarbonates. Organic chemistry deals with hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Organic compounds contains mainly carbon, hydrogen & oxygen. Vikasana Bridge Course 2012

3 The total number of organic compounds far exceed the total number of inorganic compounds formed by all the remaining elements. That is the wonder of organic chemistry.!! Vikasana Bridge Course 2012

4 Friederich Wohler ( )

5 Classification of organic compounds Aliphatic compounds Aromatic compounds Alicyclic compounds Heterocyclic clic compounds Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

6 Aliphatic compounds: these compounds are Called open chain compounds and consists of Straight or branched chain. Ex; CH3 CH3,, CH3 CHCH3 CH3 Ethane propane Isobutane

7 Aromatic compounds : these are cyclic unsaturated compounds.the name aromatic has been derived from the Greek word aroma means smell.(odour). e.g. CH3 OH Benzene Toluene Phenol Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

8 Alicyclic compounds: These are compounds containing rings or closed chains. e.g. CH2 H2C CH2 Cyclopropane opa cyclobutane Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

9 Heterocyclic compounds: These are cyclic compounds containing hetero atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur etc. e.g. N S pyridine Thiophene Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

10 Functional groups An atom or a group of atoms present in a molecule of an organic compound which h dt determines the properties is called a functional group. e.g. C C, C=C, C=O Alkane, alkyne, ketone Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

11 Organic compounds containing tii carbon and Hydrogen only are called HYDROCARBON e.g. CH4, C2H6, C6H6, C6H5CH3. Methane Ethane benzene toluene

12 hydrocarbons aliphatic i aromatic saturated unsaturated alkenes alkynes

13 Saturated hydrocarbons: these compounds contains carbon carbon b single bond they obey the general formula CnH2n+2 e.g.ch4,c2h6,c3h8 etc. H H C H H3C CH3 CH3 H Methane Ethane

14 Saturated hydrocarbons usually undergo Substitution reactions rather than addition reactions. They are also called Alkanes. These compounds comes under homologous series. CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10

15 Unsaturated hydrocarbons: These compounds contains carbon carbon double bond or triplebond. e.g. HCCH H2C=CH2 HC=CHCH Ethene Ethyne Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

16 Unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bond are called alkenes.they obey the general formula CnH2n C2H4, C3H6, C4H8

17 Unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon carbon triple bond are called alkynes. Their general formula is CnH2n 2. C2H2, C3H4, C4H6.

18 Aromatic hydrocarbons : Aromatic hydrocarbons contains a ring structure with double bonds. e.g. CH3 Benzene Toluene Naphthalene Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

19 August kekule kl ( )

20 Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

21 Uses of hydrocarbons LPG CNG Gasoline Artificial ripening of fruits Paraffin wax Manufacture f of plastics and polymers Ink, carbon black Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

22 Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

23 The structure of organic compounds can be represented by: Electron dot structure Dash line structure Condensed structure Bond line structure Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

24 Electron dot structure: H H C H H O H H

25 Dash line structure H H C H H O H H Methane Water

26 Condensed structure CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3(CH2)3CH3 Butane Pentane Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

27 Bond line structure OH Butane propanol Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

28 Substitutions and addition reactions In substitution reaction, one group replaces another. CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl +HCl Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

29 chlorination of methane CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl +HCl CH3Cl+Cl2 CH3Cl2+Cl2 CHCl3+Cl2 CH2Cl2+HCl CHCl3+HCl CCl4+HCl

30 Addition reactions Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions and move towards saturation. CH2=CH2+H2 CH3 CH3 Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

31 Addition reaction HC=CH+Cl2 CH=CH Cl Cl Vikasana Bridge Couse 2012

32 Thank You Prakash navilur G.P.U College Bidkalkatte. Vikasana Bridge Couse

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