PRINCIPLES OF LAB CHEMISTRY MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE
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1 Freehold Regional High School District PRINCIPLES OF LAB CHEMISTRY MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE About the Exam The Lab Chemistry midterm exam consists of 45 multiple choice questions. With each question, five choices will be provided. You must choose the best answer. The exam covers units from the first half of the year, this includes the following units: Introduction to Chemistry; Atomic Theory; Periodicity; Chemical Bonding; and Naming and Formula Writing. You will be provided with a reference sheet and periodic table on the day of the exam. Skills That You Should Practice Students should be able to use scientific processes, unit conversions, data analysis, and lab/lab safety procedures to understand and describe the properties, states, and changes of matter. Students will need to use their understanding of the structure/arrangement of atoms and their significance in determining the structure and properties of different types of matter. Students will need to understand how the laws of matter govern how atoms interact. Students should be able to relate historic experiments to the development of the modern atomic model and the Periodic Table. Students will need to understand the specific characteristics of the Periodic Table and how the Periodic Table of Elements reflects the relationship between the properties of elements, their atomic structures, and how atoms combine to form compounds. Students should be able to relate/apply the necessary rules/principles to explain the arrangement of subatomic particles in the atom, and therefore placement on the periodic table Students will need to understand all the different models of the atom and the types of bonds that form between atoms. Students should be able to explain the differences between elements/compounds through the differences in the arrangement in subatomic particles. Students will need to use the appropriate rules for naming and writing formulas for all types of compounds. How You Should Prepare for the Exam General and Individual Study Techniques To be a successful as possible for this exam you should be studying at least 2 weeks before the exam (several hours total). Any/all of the following are suggested methods of review; review the topics described in this document, answer the review questions supplied at the end of this document, study previous class notes and handouts, review previous tests and quizzes (arrange time with your teacher), review diagrams in your text, review end of chapter and section review questions in your text, compare/contrast where applicable (ex: Metals vs Nonmetals), create silly phrases/expressions/songs to remember things, and create/use flash-cards. Make sure to get a good night s rest before each exam and eat a nutritious breakfast the morning of your exam PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 1 OF 8
2 Group Study-Buddy Activities Use Flash-Cards to quiz your study-buddy. Create and use flash cards to quiz your study-buddy give hints if they get stuck. This works especially well with vocabulary. Not only is your study-buddy getting practice, but thinking up hints will help you practice as well. Work together to complete end-of-chapter review questions and study guides. Often, if you don t know something, your study-buddy WILL know it, and vice-versa. Not only will you learn something FROM your study-buddy, but TEACHING someone else really cements your knowledge. The best way to really learn something is to teach it to someone else! Divide and Conquer Have each member of the study-group take a different unit/topic and become an expert. Each expert then teaches their topic to the other members of the group and answers questions from the group. You might want to become an expert on a topic that you don t know as well, as that will force you to REALLY learn the material. Remember, the best way to really learn something is to teach it to someone else! Play Time! Make a game out of studying. Either create a new game, or use a game you already know, and simply replace the usual questions with review questions. You can even break up the questions into categories similar to game-show format. Make sure to have the correct answers handy, be able to phone a friend, or look up the answers in your textbook PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 2 OF 8
3 Principles of Lab Chemistry Review Questions (You may fold this paper in half to use as flash-cards!) What safety equipment should you wear in the chemistry lab? Why? What is matter? How many sig figs in each number? A) 100,000,000,000. g B) 12,000.0 ml C) 5,301 cm Write each number in standard (normal) format. 1) x 10 7 = 2) x 10-3 = Write each number in scientific notation. 1) = 2) = Classify each measurement as Qualitative or Quantitative: 500 meters 5 Liters Hot Cold 90 degrees The students below measured the temperature of the room. The ACTUAL temperature of the room is 25 C. Describe their measurements as Accurate, Precise, Both or Neither: Student A: 20.0 C, 21.0 C, 19.0 C, 20.5 C Student B: 20.0 C, 25.0 C, 30.0 C, 50.0 C PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 3 OF 8
4 Student C: 25.5 C, 25.0 C, 24.9 C, 25.1 C Student D: 20.0 C, 45.0 C, 15.0 C, 35.5 C Determine if the following are a compound, element, heterogeneous mixture or homogeneous mixture. Gold (Ag) Sand and water Calcium Chloride (CaCl 2 ) Air Brass (alloy made of Copper and Zinc) Salt water How would you separate: Sand from water Salt from salt water Iron from sand Two liquids with different boiling points Marbles from water Why are atoms neutral? What are the parts and charges of the atom? What is an isotope? Fluorine has several isotopes: Fluorine-18 Fluorine-19 Fluorine-17 What is different about these isotopes of fluorine? (HINT: #p, e, n?) Which scientist did experiments with gold foil and what did he find out? What is the atomic number of oxygen, and what does it tell you? What is unique to each atom? (like a fingerprint) PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 4 OF 8
5 How many Protons, Neutrons, Electrons in: Oxygen (O) Sodium (Na) Krypton (Kr) What is the mass number of Sulfur? What does it tell you about sulfur? (HINT: the number of ) If an atom has 9 protons, 9 electrons and 10 neutrons: What element is it? What is the atomic number of the element? What is the atomic mass of the element? What is radioactive decay? What happens in alpha decay? How many sublevels (s,p,d,f) are there in the: 1 st energy level (starts with 1) 2 nd energy level (start with 2)? 3 rd energy level (start with 3)? What the max number of electrons you can fit in the: s sublevel? p sublevel? d sublevel? What element is: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 What is the electron configuration for: Ca S PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 5 OF 8
6 Draw a Lewis electron dot diagram for: C O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 How many valence electrons? C O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 Element # 17 How is the Periodic table arranged? Where are the groups of the periodic table? -alkaline metals -alkaline earth metals -transition metals -halogens -noble gases What is the periodic law? What is atomic radii? What is the periodic trend for atomic radii? Where on the periodic table are the metals? Nonmetals? Semiconductors (metalloids)? PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 6 OF 8
7 Describe covalent bonds: What are they (what happens to electrons)? What elements do them? When does a multiple bond form? Describe ionic bonds: What are they (what happens to electrons)? What elements form ionic bonds? Describe metallic bonds: What are they (what happens to electrons)? What are valence electrons? How do they relate to the reactivity of an element? What is an octet? What is an ion? How do atoms become ions? What ions are formed by? Na Al S Cl Ar How many atoms are in: CaCl 2 Mg(OH) 2 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Draw the Lewis dot diagrams of: NH 3 LiO PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 7 OF 8
8 CH 4 Why do elements form bonds? What is a chemical formula? What does it tell you? What is the name of: CO CO 2 CaCl 2 Ca(OH) 2 What is the formula for: magnesium fluoride Sodium sulfide Sulfur dioxide Selenium hexachloride What is a diatomic compound? Which elements form diatomic compounds? What is electromagnetic radiation? Describe the EMR spectrum? Describe the energy and wavelengths related to the types of waves? PRIN LAB CHEM MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE PAGE 8 OF 8
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