Solvents and solvent selection for chromatography. Prof. Colin F. Poole Department of Chemistry Wayne State University USA
|
|
|
- Trevor Harvey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Solvents and solvent selection for chromatography Prof. Colin F. Poole Department of Chemistry Wayne State University USA
2 Solvent strength Single parameter estimate of a solvent s ability to cause migration in a chromatographic system Not a fundamental solvent property since it depends on the system Determined by experiment
3 Solvent selectivity The parameter that distinguished the ability of a solvent to provide separation as well as migration Determined by the solvent s capability to enter into specific intermolecular interactions Dispersion Orientation Induction Hydrogen bonding
4 ethods for solvent selectivity characterization Solubility parameters No general agreement on how to calculate partial polar solubility parameters Solvent triangle classification Each intermolecular interaction associated with a single prototypical solute Solvatochromic parameters Considers only the polar interactions of a solvent and not its cohesive energy
5 Prototypical solutes Polar solutes with a single dominant intermolecular l interaction i are virtually unknown All solutes that are hydrogen bonding are simultaneously dipolar Ethanol Nitromethane Dioxane S = 0.42 S = 0.95 S = 0.75 A = 0.37 A = 0.06 A = 0 B = 0.38 B = 0.31 B = 0.64
6 Solvent selectivity triangle A.R. Johnson,.F. Vitha, J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011)
7 Cohesive Energy Cavity Formation Reorganization Solute-Solvent Interactions S S S
8 Solvation parameter model Contains a term to accommodate cavity formation (differences in cohesive energy of solvents) Assigns general properties to solutes based on their capability for simultaneous multiple interactions Dispersion Dipole-type (orientation and induction) Hydrogen bonding (donor and acceptor properties)
9 Solvation Parameter odel System constants relating to properties of the solvent SP= c + e.e+ a.a + b.b + s.s+ l.l Descriptors relating to solute properties SP = free energy related property
10 Solute descriptors V is cgowan s Characteristic Volume E is the excess molar refraction S is the solute dipolarity/polarizability A is the effective solute hydrogen-bond acidity B is the effective solute hydrogen-bond basicity L is the gas-liquid partition coefficient at 25 C with hexadecane as a solvent C.F. Poole, S.N. Atapattu, S.K. Poole, A.K. Bell, Anal. Chim. Acta 652 (2009)
11 Solvation parameter model System Solute Free Energy Contribution Constant Descriptor l L Ease of cavity formation (solvent-solvent interactions) Dispersion interactions (solute-solvent interactions) e E Electron lone pair interactions s S Dipole-type interactions a A Solvent hydrogen-bond base-solute hydrogen-bond acid interactions b B Solvent hydrogen-bond acid-solute hydrogen-bond base interactions
12 Solvent properties Transfer of solutes from the gas phase to a solvent is defined by 5 system constants The system constants are independent of solute identity System constants are calculated from the experimental properties of a number of varied compounds Data requirements established by statistical ti ti parameters
13 Solvent Properties Solvent System constants e s a b l N-Heptane Chloroform Acetone ethanol Trifluoroethanol Water
14 Alkanes Aromatic Hydrocarbonds Chloroalkaneslk Ethers Ketones Esters Alcohols Water
15 Group 2 Toluene Chlorobenzene Dichloroethane Dichloromethane Chloroform
16 Group 3 ethyl t-butyl Ether Diethyl Ether Acetone Ethyl Acetate e s a b l Acetonitrile Propylene Carbonate
17 n-alcohols ethanol Ethanol e s a b l Propan-1-ol Octan-1-ol
18 Solvents behaving independently Formamide Ethylene Glycol Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Sulfoxide Trifluoroethanol Water
19 Solvents behaving independently Solvent System constants e s a b l Dimethylformamide Formamide Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl sulfoxide Tifl Trifluoroethanol l Water
20 Solvent selection for method development in thin-layer chromatography n-heptane ethanol Toluene Dichloromethane Chloroform ethyl t-butyl t Ether Acetone Acetonitrile Propan-1-ol Formamide Dimethylformamide Trifluoroethanol Water
21 Solvation parameter model Gas Condensed Phase SP = c + ee + ss + aa + bb + ll Condensed Phase Condensed Phase SP = c + ee +ss +aa +bb +vv SP = free energy related property
22 Totally organic biphasic systems Heptane Isopentyl Dichloro- Octanol Ether ethane Acetonitrile Propylene carbonate Formamide Dimethylformamide Dimethyl sulfoxide ethanol Ethylene glycol Trifluoroethanol = miscible and = low mutual solubility
23 Biphasic systems formed with heptane Counter System constants Solvent e s a b v Acetonitrile ethanol Ethylene glycol Formamide Dimethylformamide Dimethyl sulfoxide Propylene carbonate Trifluoroethanol Water
24 Totally organic biphasic systems
25 Biphasic systems including water 1 = Heptane-Formamide 2=Formamide-Dichloroethane 3 = Octanol-Formamide 4 = Isopentyl ether-formamide 5 = Heptane-Trifluoroethanol 6 = Heptane-Dimethylformamide 7=HeptaneAcetonitrile Heptane-Acetonitrile 8 = Heptane-ethanol 9 = Heptane-Ethylene glycol 10 = Chloroform-Water 11 = Cyclohexane-Water 12 = Octanol-Water Wte 13 = Toluene-Water 14 = Di-n-Butyl ether-water 15 = Heptane-Water 16 = Dichloroethane-water
26 Dimethyl sulfoxide-heptane Compound Contribution to the partition coefficient (log K p ) ss aa bb vv Estimated (K p ) Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Naphthalene Acetonaphthone Nitronaphthalene Naphthol h Bicyclohexyl Phenylcyclohexyl l h l e = 0 for the heptane-dimethyl sulfoxide system
27 Inorganic Oxides Solvent strength parameter for silica gel =-0.264V S A B Can be used to estimate values to about 0.04 units for solvents lacking experimental values
Colin F. Poole Department of Chemistry Wayne State University USA
Colin F. Poole Department of Chemistry Wayne State University USA Method Development Process Method Development Process Need to know what to do Before beginning experiments need to decide how to do it
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry 2 Diatomic molecule C v and D h HCN H-H 3 contribution orbital electron Σ 0 σ 1 Π 1 π 1 Δ 2 δ 1 Φ 3 δ 1 Σ + Σ - 4 Linear molecule NO 2s+1 2 Π A 1 =Σ + 0 A 2 =Σ - 0 E
Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry. Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry Diatomic molecule C v and D h NO H-H 2 contribution orbital Σ 0 σ Π 1 π Δ 2 δ Φ 3 δ 3 Linear molecule NO 2s+1 2 Π A 1 =Σ + 0 A 2 =Σ - 0 E 1 =Π 1 E 2 =Δ 2 E 3 =Φ 3 4
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Attractive Forces Particles are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. The strength of the attractive forces depends on the kind(s) of particles.
Physical Pharmacy PHR 211. Lecture 1. Solubility and distribution phenomena.
Physical Pharmacy PHR 211 Lecture 1 Solubility and distribution phenomena. Course coordinator Magda ELMassik, PhD Assoc. Prof. of Pharmaceutics 1 Objectives of the lecture After completion of thislecture,
HANDOUT SET GENERAL CHEMISTRY II
HANDOUT SET GENERAL CHEMISTRY II Periodic Table of the Elements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 IA VIIIA 1 2 H He 1.00794 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 4.00262 3 Li 6.941 11 Na 22.9898
Lecture 2. The framework to build materials and understand properties
Lecture 2 The framework to build materials and understand properties 1 Trees are made into a solid materials/structures in an environment that consists of small molecules: CO 2, N 2, H 2 0, CH 4 O C 2.58Ǻ
Physical States of Matter
Intermolecular forces Chapter 5 Physical States of Matter Section 12.3 Physical States of Matter Three phases of matter solid Definite shape and volume solid liquid liquid Definite volume, shape of container
Introducing New Functionalities in Liquid Stationary Phases in GC Columns for Confirming Organic Volatile Impurity Testing in Pharmaceutical Products.
Introducing New Functionalities in Liquid Stationary Phases in GC Columns for Confirming Organic Volatile Impurity Testing in Pharmaceutical Products. CHRISTOPHER M. ENGLISH, CHRISTOPHER S. COX, FRANK
CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles
CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles Scientists are interested in how matter behaves under unusual circumstances. For example, before the space station could be built, fundamental
Loudon Chapter 8 Review: Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, etc. Jacquie Richardson, CU Boulder Last updated 8/24/2017
In this chapter, we look at a lot of non-hydrocarbon functional groups. These first three alkyl halides, alcohols, and thiols are all functional groups with only one bond to the rest of the molecule. They
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons generally fall into 2 general groupings, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain chains and rings of hydrocarbons,
Combustible Gas Catalytic Bead (0-100 %LEL) Part No FM Performance Certified 1,4 FM Performance Certified 1
Sensor Data Sheet Document No. 365-2211-31 (Rev D) Combustible Gas Catalytic Bead (0-100 %LEL) Part No. 823-0211-31 FM Performance Certified 1,4 FM Performance Certified 1 Minimum Indicated Concentration...
ACETONE. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO EINECS NO MOL WT H.S. CODE Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg
ACETONE www.pawarchemicals.com PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO 67-64-1 EINECS NO. 200-662-2 FORMULA (CH3)2C=O MOL WT. 58.08 H.S. CODE 2914.11 TOXICITY SYNONYMS Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg Dimethyl ketone;
Principal properties (PPs) as solvent descriptors for multivariate optimization in organic synthesis: specific PPs for ethers
Principal properties (PPs) as solvent descriptors for multivariate optimization in organic synthesis: specific PPs for ethers Francesco P. Ballistreri, Cosimo G. Fortuna, Giuseppe Musumarra,* Didier Pavone,
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces H covalent bond (stronger) Cl H Cl intermolecular attraction (weaker) The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together. They
CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis
Updated: 10 December 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #24 Special Applications: Chromatographic Retention Time and Environmental Properties (Skoog, nothing)
COMMENTS CONCERNING STUDY OF MOLECULAR INTERACTION IN BINARY LIQUID MIXTURES OF ETHYL ACETOACETATE WITH CHLOROFORM AND
COMMENTS CONCERNING STUDY OF MOLECULAR INTERACTION IN BINARY LIQUID MIXTURES OF ETHYL ACETOACETATE WITH CHLOROFORM AND DIMETHYLSULPHOXIDE USING EXCESS ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS AND SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS William
CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis
Updated: 10 December 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #24 Special Applications: Chromatographic Retention Time and Environmental Properties (Skoog, nothing)
OREGON Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program ORELAP Fields of Accreditation ALS Environmental - Simi Valley
MATRIX Reference Code Analyte Code Description ASTM C471M- 14 2014 ASTM D5504-12 2012 3964 Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur 4842 1-Propanethiol 6113 2,5-Dimethylthiophene 4544 2-Ethylthiophene 4843 2-Propanethiol
HW #3: 14.26, 14.28, 14.30, 14.32, 14.36, 14.42, 14.46, 14.52, 14.56, Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols
Chemistry 131 Lecture 8: Alcohols, Ethers and Sulfur Analogs: Structure, Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Chemical Reactivity Chapter 14 in McMurry, Ballantine, et. al. 7 th edition HW #3: 14.26,
Chemistry 2050 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry 2050 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Rainer Glaser Examination #3 Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes & Ketones. Wednesday, October 26, 2011, 10 10:50 am Name: Question 1. Names,
Welcome to C341!! Chapter 1 & 2: Review of General Chemistry
Welcome to C341!! Chapter 1 & 2: Review of General Chemistry What will we do today? 1. Review of the syllabus together. 2. Discuss course structure and textbook. You will use the entire textbook between
Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Chemistry Commons
Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2015 (i)chromatographic Methods For Solute Descriptor Determinations (ii)ruthenium Substrate-Catalyzed Growth Of Nickel Nitride Thin Films
Excess Molar Enthalpies of Dibromomethane + Cyclohexanone and Dichloromethane + Cyclohexanone or + Pyrrolidin-2-one at T = K
Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2012, 1, 127-131 127 Excess Molar Enthalpies of Dibromomethane + Cyclohexanone and Dichloromethane + Cyclohexanone or + Pyrrolidin-2-one at T =303.15
CHEM 263 Oct 11, Lecture Outline 3: Alcohols, Ethers, Stereochemistry, Ketones, and Aldehydes. Ethanol
CEM 263 ct 11, 2016 Lecture utline 3: Alcohols, Ethers, Stereochemistry, Ketones, and Aldehydes Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohols are compounds that have a hydroxyl group (-) bonded to a carbon atom (but
Lab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds
Lab 3: Solubility of rganic Compounds bjectives: - Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. - Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon
Headspace Technology for GC and GC/MS: Features, benefits & applications
Headspace Technology for GC and GC/MS: Features, benefits & applications Karima Baudin Oct 2015 Why use Headspace? Very Simple no to minimum sample prep Robust enhance uptime Non-detectable carry-over
Lecture 2. The framework to build materials and understand properties
Lecture 2 The framework to build materials and understand properties 1 Trees are made into a solid materials/structures in an environment that consists of small molecules: C 2, N 2, H 2 0, CH 4 C 2.58Ǻ?
IJBPAS, September, 2012, 1(8): MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES ON SOME BINARY ORGANIC LIQUID MIXTURES AT 303K SUMATHI T* AND GOVINDARAJAN S
: 1153-1165 ISSN: 2277 4998 MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES ON SOME BINARY ORGANIC LIQUID MIXTURES AT 33K SUMATHI T* AND GOVINDARAJAN S *Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil
High Purity Chromasolv Solvents
Research Chemicals High Purity Chromasolv Solvents Part of Honeywell Research Chemical s Exclusive Riedel-de Haën Brand Portfolio The Chromasolv family of solvents are used in a variety of analytical applications
UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Chem 744 Spring Gregory R. Cook, NDSU Thursday, February 14, 13
UV-Vis Spectroscopy Chem 744 Spring 2013 UV-Vis Spectroscopy Every organic molecule absorbs UV-visible light Energy of electronic transitions saturated functionality not in region that is easily accessible
CHEM 429 / 529 Chemical Separation Techniques
CHEM 429 / 529 Chemical Separation Techniques Robert E. Synovec, Professor Department of Chemistry University of Washington Lecture 1 Course Introduction Goal Chromatography and Related Techniques Obtain
Thanks for your interest, confidence and trust in ND Pharma & Biotech Products and Service.
ND Pharma & Biotech Co. Deuterated Solvents High quality Deuterated solvents are essential for satisfying the most rigorous demands of research and analyses. At ND Pharma & Biotech Co., we are passionate
10) The common name of CH 3CH2OH is A) wood alcohol. B) grain alcohol. C) antifreeze. D) rubbing alcohol. E) glycerol.
1) Compounds with the -OH group attached to a saturated alkane-like carbon are known as A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) ethers. D) alkyl halides. E) hydroxyls. ) Compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to two
Lab.2. Thin layer chromatography
Key words: Separation techniques, compounds and their physicochemical properties (molecular volume/size, polarity, molecular interactions), mobile phase, stationary phase, liquid chromatography, thin layer
CHEMISTRY SAMPLE MIDTERM EXAMINATION - SUMMER 2016
EMISTRY 2210 - SMPLE MITERM EXMITI - SUMMER 2016 ame: Multiple choice. hoose the EST answer from the choices which are given and write the letter of you choice on the answer sheet which is provided. ll
Partial Solubility Parameters of Lactose, Mannitol and Saccharose Using the Modified Extended Hansen Method and Evaporation Light Scattering Detection
February 2000 Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48(2) 179 183 (2000) 179 Partial Solubility Parameters of Lactose, Mannitol and Saccharose Using the Modified Extended Hansen Method and Evaporation Light Scattering Detection
Prediction of Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium Behavior from Quantum Mechanical Data
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Honors Research Projects The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College Spring 2016 Prediction of Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium Behavior from Quantum Mechanical
Solvatochromism Effect of Different Solvents on UV-Vis Spectra of Flouresceine and its Derivatives
Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. Vol. 27, No. 4, 2008 Solvatochromism Effect of Different Solvents on UVVis Spectra of Flouresceine and its Derivatives Hadjmohammadi, Mohammad Reza* + ; Chaichi, Mohammad Javad;
CHEM 261 Dec 4, 2017
200 CEM 261 Dec 4, 2017 REVIEW: 1. N 3 2 S 4 1. 2 Al 3 N 2 2. 2 Al 3 2. N 3 2 S 4 N 2 I II For the left hand reaction, I - to create a meta positioned, the first molecule to be subsituted should be N 2,
Pellistor Relative Responses
Pellistor Relative Responses PELLISTOR RELATIVE RESPONSES SGX Sensortech are often asked for relative response figures when using the company s range of pellistors for non-straight-chain hydrocarbons and
Regents review Organic chemistry
2011-2012 1. Which structural formula represents a saturated hydrocarbon? 2. Which molecule contains ten hydrogen atoms? A) butane B) butene C) propane D) propene 3. A double carbon-carbon bond is found
ORGANIC - EGE 5E CH. 2 - COVALENT BONDING AND CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: HYBRID ORBITAL THEORY The Aufbau Principle states that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy. If carbon has only two unfilled orbitals, why does it like to
Organic Chemistry. A. Introduction
Organic Chemistry A. Introduction 1. Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of CARBON compounds. There are a huge number of organic compounds. This results from the fact that carbon forms chains
Thermo physical Properties of Ternary Mixtures of Dimethyl sulphoxide, Benzene, m-xylene at various Temperatures.
Research Article Thermo physical Properties of Ternary Mixtures of Dimethyl sulphoxide, Benzene, m-xylene at various Temperatures. Manaswini Mishra 1*, Upendra Nath Dash 1, Nandita Swain 2 1 Department
10/27/10. Chapter 27. Injector typically 50 C hotter than oven
Sample and solvent are vaporized onto the head of a column Vaporized solvent and solute are carried through the column by an inert gas (mobile phase) The mobile phase does not interact with compounds of
Appendix A Physical and Critical Properties
Appendix A Physical and Critical Properties Table A1 Physical properties of various organic and inorganic substances Compound Formula MW Sp Gr T m (K) T b (K) DH v (kj/kg) DH m (kj/kg) Air 28.97 Ammonia
LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN Safe handling & Recovery OF Solvents in Pharma Industry
LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN Safe handling & Recovery OF Solvents in Pharma Industry TYPICAL SOLVENT USE IN Pharma Industry Usage of solvents in an API process development is for: Diluent to carry out reaction
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
alifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona 2-1 Dr. Laurie S. Starkey, rganic hemistry M 314, Wade hapter 2: Structure and Physical Properties of rganic Molecules hapter utline 1) rbitals and Bonding
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes A carbonyl group and
Chemistry 110. Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell. Ninth Edition
Chemistry 110 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell Ninth Edition Introduction to General, rganic and Biochemistry Chapter 14 Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols Alcohols have a ydroxyl Group, -, bonded to tetrahedral
Prelab Reading Assignment: Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry, 4 th Ed. Chapter 19
CHEM 213 Technique Experiments Experiment 5: Column Chromatography Number of labs - one Reactions performed None Chemicals used: Fluorene-fluorenone mixture, hexanes, methylene chloride, silica gel Supplies
Chapter 9. Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds. Organic Chemistry
Chapter 9 Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds. Of tens of millions of known chemical compounds,
Organic Chemistry. Saturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkanes. ethane H C C H CH 3 CH 3
rganic hemistry The classification of chemical compounds in to the general areas of organic and inorganic derives from the use of the "mineral, vegetable and animal" designation by the early workers in
Fundamentals of Distribution Separations (III)
Fundamentals of Distribution Separations (III) (01/16/15) K = exp -Δμ 0 ext i - Δμ i RT distribution coefficient C i = exp -Δμ 0 RT - - Δμ i = ΔH i TΔS i 0 0 0 solubility q A---B A + B 0 0 0 ΔH i = ΔH
Ethers & Epoxides. Chapter 5. Dr. Seham ALTERARY. Chem 340-2nd semester
Ethers & Epoxides Chapter 5 Dr. Seham ALTERARY Chapter s out line Ethers Definition; General formula; Classification and Types Nomenclature - Common Names. - IUPAC Naming. Physical Properties General methods
Consideration of Hansen Solubility Parameters. Part 2 δnet the parameter which hid for 50 years
Hansen Solubility Parameters 50th anniversary conference, preprint 017 PP. 14-1(017) Consideration of Hansen Solubility Parameters. Part δnet the parameter which hid for 50 years HSPiP Team: Hiroshi Yamamoto,
NMR Chemical Shifts of Trace Impurities: Common Laboratory Solvents, Organics, and Gases in Deuterated Solvents Relevant to the Organometallic Chemist
2176 Organometallics 2010, 29, 2176 2179 DOI: 10.1021/om100106e NMR Chemical Shifts of Trace Impurities: Common Laboratory Solvents, Organics, and Gases in Deuterated Solvents Relevant to the Organometallic
Some Families of Organic Compounds HL
Name: Organic Chemistry 22. Some Families of Organic Compounds Objectives -define tetrahedral carbon -explain what is meant by the term alcohol -describe the alcohols as a homologous series of organic
Alcohols and Phenols. Classification of Alcohols. Learning Check. Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols. Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols and Phenols An alcohol contains A hydroxyl group ( ) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains A hydroxyl group ( ) attached
Supplementary Information for Evaluating the. energetic driving force for co-crystal formation
Supplementary Information for Evaluating the energetic driving force for co-crystal formation Christopher R. Taylor and Graeme M. Day School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton,
PRODUCT DATA SHEET PDS A88_E
Plugs Suitable for A B C D Ref. Quantity Box/Bag (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) TCP5 M12R + Pg7R M12R 4,5 8,5 10,8 4,5 3.000/100 TCP10 Pg9R Pg9R 6 12 12 4,5 2.000/100 TCP12 M12 + Pg7 M12 + Pg7 M16R + Pg11R M16R +
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY RECENT TECHNIQUES HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography RRLC Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography UPLC Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography UHPLC Ultra High Pressure Liquid
Lecture C2 Microscopic to Macroscopic, Part 2: Intermolecular Interactions. Let's get together.
Lecture C2 Microscopic to Macroscopic, Part 2: Intermolecular Interactions Let's get together. Most gases are NOT ideal except at very low pressures: Z=1 for ideal gases Intermolecular interactions come
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbons contain six-membered rings of carbon atoms with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds. The ring is sometimes shown with a circle in the center instead
An alcohol is a compound obtained by substituting a hydoxyl group ( OH) for an H atom on a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon group.
Derivatives of Hydrocarbons A functional group is a reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions. All other organic compounds can be considered as derivatives of hydrocarbons (i.e.,
CHAPTER 24 Organic Chemistry
CHAPTER 24 rganic Chemistry 1. The general formula for alkenes is A. C n H 2n+2 B. C 2n H 2n C. C n H n+2 D. C n H 2n E. C n H 2n 2 2. The general formula of an alkane is A. C n H 2n B. C n H 2n+2 C. C
Apparent molar volume of sodium chloride in mixed solvent at different temperatures
Ultra Chemistry Vol. 8(2), 205-210 (2012). Apparent molar volume of sodium chloride in mixed solvent at different temperatures C.K. RATH 1, N.C. ROUT 2, S.P. DAS 3 and P.K. MISHRA 4 1 Department of Chemistry,
Learning Organic Chemistry
Objective 1 Represent organic molecules with chemical formulas, expanded formulas, Lewis structures, skeletal structures. Determine shape (VSEPR), bond polarity, and molecule polarity. Identify functional
Naming Organic Halides. Properties of Organic Halides
Organic Compounds Organic Halides A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms Freons (chlorofluorocarbons) in refrigeration and air conditioning Teflon (polytetrafluoroethane)
Gel Permeation Chromatography - GPC
Isolation and Separation Methods J. Poustka, VŠCHT Praha, ÚAPV 2014, http://web.vscht.cz/poustkaj Gel Permeation Chromatography - GPC Separation and clean-up method Group separation of compounds with similar
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF BELZONA 1523 FN10150
Organic Acids Inorganic Acids CHEICAL RESISTANCE OF BELZONA 1523 20% - Hydrochloric acid HCl 10% - 5% - (647-01-0) 3% - Nitric acid HNO 3 (7697-37-2) 10% - Nitrous acid HNO 2 (7782-77-6) 10% - hosphoric
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 1 st Ed. Nivaldo Tro
hemistry: A Molecular Approach, 1 st Ed. Nivaldo Tro Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay ommunity ollege Wellesley ills, MA 2008, Prentice all omparisons of the States of Matter the solid and liquid states have
Fundamentals. Chapter 2: Properties and Fundamentals. Formation of ozone and photochemical
hapter Properties and Fundamentals Importance of rganic ompounds Volatile compounds contribute to the formation of ozone and photochemical oxidants ompounds can have toxic effects on plants and animals
CHEM 112 Name: (Last) (First). Section No.: VISUALIZING ORGANIC REACTIONS THROUGH USE OF MOLECULAR MODELS
CHEM 112 Name: (Last) (First). Section No.: VISUALIZING ORGANIC REACTIONS THROUGH USE OF MOLECULAR MODELS 1) HYDROCARBONS: a. Saturated Hydrocarbons: Construct a model for propane, C 3 H 8, using black
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group connected to
BELZONA PRODUCT DATA M516 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF BELZONA 1591
Organic Acids Inorganic Acids BELZONA RODUCT DATA 516 CHEICAL RESISTANCE OF BELZONA 1591 10% * - Hydrochloric acid HCl 5% * - (647-01-0) 3% * - Nitric acid HNO 3 (7697-37-2) 10% * - Nitrous acid HNO 2
Journal of Chromatography A
Accepted Manuscript Title: System map for the ionic liquid stationary phase tri(tripropylphosphoniumhexanamido)triethylamine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide for gas chromatography Authors: Nicole Lenca,
Chemical Product Design How is it done? Dr. Kevin G. Joback Molecular Knowledge Systems, Inc.
Chemical Product Design How is it done? Dr. Kevin G. Joback kevin@molecularknowledge.com O O {1} O C C O CH2 CH2 {1} O O {1} C C O CH2 CH2 O {1} RT a P = V b V ( V + b) + b( V b) B C Z 1+ + + V V RT a
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM To: Lorinda Gardner, Director, R15 Date: Carlos Rubinstein, Texas Border Area Director From: Valerie E. Meyers, Ph.D. Toxicology Section,
TCHM 232. Organic Chemistry
TM 232 rganic hemistry حل الامتحان KEY Final Exam Review Questions Examples of the types of questions you can expect to see on the final 1. The IUPA name for the formula 2 2 = 2 is 1. 5-hexene-3-ol 2.
AP Chemistry Chapter 22 - Organic and Biological Molecules
AP Chemistry Chapter - Organic and Biological Molecules.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons A. Straight-chain Hydrocarbons 1. Straight-chain alkanes have the formula C n H n+. Carbons are sp hybridized The
Class XII Chapter 2 Solutions Chemistry
Class XII Chapter 2 Solutions Chemistry Question 2.1: Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C 6 H 6 ) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride.
Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces or. Why your Water Evaporates and your Cheerios Don t. Why are molecules attracted to each other?
Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces or Why your Water Evaporates and your heerios Don t Why are molecules attracted to each other? 1 Intermolecular attractions determine how tightly liquids and
PREDICTION OF MUTUAL SOLUBILITY AND INTERFACIAL TENSION IN TWO-PHASE LIQUID SYSTEMS
PREDICTION OF MUTUAL SOLUBILITY AND INTERFACIAL TENSION IN TWO-PHASE LIQUID SYSTEMS Wiesław APOSTOLUK Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wrocław University of Technology,
Experiment 13: EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Experiment 13: EFFET F STRUTURE N PYSIAL PRPERTIES Purpose: The relationships between the structures of molecules and their physical properties, such as volatility, viscosity, and solubility are examined.
Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding.
Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding. Sigma and Pi Bonds: All single bonds are sigma(σ), that
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Functional Group Suffix Formula Other Info O. Ester. Amide --- R C N R' or R(CO)NR R
EMISTRY 10 elp Sheet # rganic (Part III hapters.7 (condensed, structural drawings, 6.3 (line drawings, 6.9a (benzene, 7.e (hybrid orbitals in organic structures, and Appendix E (functional groups Do topics
PRODUCT DATA SHEET PDS A112_E. Metric thread M 1.5 pitch CEI EN CEI EN 50262
reduced cable entry Metric thread M 1.5 pitch CEI EN 60423 CEI EN 50262 Ref. P Fixing A B C L Light Hole min-max Spanner min-max Quantity Grey (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 1910S.M16N M16x1,5 16,5 4-7,5 19
Kolmetz Handbook of Process Equipment Design BTX EXTRACTION UNIT DESIGN, SIZING AND TROUBLESHOOTING (ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINE)
Page : 1 of 75 KLM Technology #03-12 Block Aronia, Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Taman Tampoi Utama 81200 Johor Bahru SOLUTIONS, STANDARDS AND SOFTWARE www.klmtechgroup.com Rev 01- March 2017 Co Author: Rev 01 Yulis
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY GENERAL DESRIPTION OF ORGANI EMISTRY The Study of arbon ompounds GENERAL DESRIPTION OF ORGANI EMISTRY The Study of arbon ompounds Organic Man-made Substances Plant or Animal
Refractivity and density of some organic solvents
Refractivity and density of some organic solvents P. PACÁK Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, CS-1 00 Prague Received 7 June 1990 Dedicated to Associate Professor K. Matiašovský,
Liquids and Solutions
Liquids and Solutions Physical Chemistry Tutorials Mark Wallace, Wadham College mark.wallace@chem.ox.ac.uk CRL Floor 1 Office 1 Phone (2)75467 Taken from Thomas Group Website, Problems 1. The answers are
HW #5: 16.20, 16.28, 16.30, 16.32, 16.40, 16.44, 16.46, 16.52, 16.60, 16.62, 16.64, 16.68
hemistry 131 Lecture 10: Aldehydes and Ketones: Structure, Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Reactivity hapter 16 in McMurry, Ballantine, et. al. 7 th edition W #5: 16.20, 16.28, 16.30, 16.32, 16.40,
CHM151 Quiz Pts Fall 2013 Name: Due at time of final exam. Provide explanations for your answers.
CHM151 Quiz 12 100 Pts Fall 2013 Name: Due at time of final exam. Provide explanations for your answers. 1. Which one of the following substances is expected to have the lowest melting point? A) BrI B)
Chem 1515 Section 2 Problem Set #4. Name Spring 1998
Chem 1515 Section 2 Problem Set #4 Name Spring 1998 TA Name Lab Section # ALL work must be shown to receive full credit. Due Wednesday, February 4th PS4.1. Describe all the energy changes which must be
Product Brief. - Hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dienes including natural gas, refinery gas, liquified petroleum gas
Agilent Porous Polymer PLOT Columns: New Products, Expanded Uses, Prices Cut in Half! Product Brief Need improved resolution of small volatile compounds? Didn't try a PLOT column due to high price, short
1 Chemistry in Alternative Reaction Media
1 Chemistry in Alternative Reaction Media Chemical reactions do not occur in isolation, but within an environment that is dictated by the surrounding molecules, atoms and ions. This environment can be
Practice Packet Unit 11: Organic Chemistry
Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Practice Packet Unit 11: Organic Chemistry www.mrpalermo.com 1 LESSON 1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry 1. How many times does carbon bond and why? 2. A student investigated