1)Ionic and Covalent compounds 2)Formulas and names 3)Mixed nomenclature 4)Calculations: a. moles-atoms-molecules, and all that
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1 Chem 105X Wed. Sept. 18, 2009 Today Tutors Laboratory 1)Ionic and Covalent compounds 2)Formulas and names 3)Mixed nomenclature 4)Calculations: a. moles-atoms-molecules, and all that 9/18/2009 1
2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Tutor is Jennifer Chambers Room 170 Reichardt Hours: Sept 21 thru Oct 2 Mon 12-2 Tues 2:45-3:45 and 5:15-8:00 Thurs 1-5:15 Fri /18/2009 2
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4 Academic Advising Center s Supplemental Instruction (SI) Program Robert Gorsline Weekly review session About 6 office hours, including some on weekend. (call for latest schedule) 9/18/2009 4
5 Laboratory next week Introduction to Measurement Glassware and Use of Excel for Numerical Analysis Please go to the Blackboard website for your lab procedure and pre-lab and lab report form. (demo) 9/18/2009 5
6 Review (1) monatomic ions to 4+ Review (2) In compounds, Total + = Total - 9/18/2009 6
7 The compound between potassium and iodine contains equal amounts of 1. K + and I - ions 2. K 2+ 2 and I 2-2 ions 3. K 2+ and I 2- ions 4. K atoms and I 2 molecules 84% 6% 6% 5% K+ and I- i... K22+ and I22... K2+ and I2-... K atoms and I2... 9/18/2009 7
8 The compound between potassium and iodine contains equal amounts of 1. K + and I - ions 2. K 2 2+ and I 2 2- ions 3. K 2+ and I 2- ions 4. K atoms and I 2 molecules Ionic compounds contain ions, not atoms or molecules, which are uncharged (neutral). 9/18/2009 8
9 Naming Ionic Compounds 9/18/2009 9
10 Cationname first..anion name second Names DO NOT reflect the relative numbers The relative numbers are INFERRED from the ION CHARGES Transition metals and Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi require ROMAN NUMERAL to indicate charge Zinc (Zn) does NOT require a roman numeral it is always 2+ NaF sodium fluoride K 2 O potassium oxide lithium nitride Li 3 N CoI 2 cobalt (II) iodide ZnI 2 zinc iodide 9/18/
11 OWL and the text differ on name of the Ni 2+ ion. Kotz calls it nickel (II) OWL calls it just nickel (because this is essentially the only ion formed by Ni) On exam I, if Ni is used, the charge will be specified, and EITHER NAME will be an acceptable answer. 9/19/
12 Polyatomic ions - like a molecule, but with total charge > or < 0. All but two contain O, so they are called oxoanions NH + 4 OH - (hydroxide) NO - 2 (nitrite) NO - 3 (nitrate) ClO - (hypochlorite) ClO - 2 (chlorite) ClO - 3 (chlorate) ClO - 4 (perchlorate) CN - (cyanide) CH 3 CO - 2 (acetate) MnO - 4 (permanganate) HCO - 3 (hydrogen carbonate) HSO - 4 (hydrogen sulfate) H 2 PO - 4 (dihydrogen phosphate) CO 2-3 (carbonate) SO 2-3 (sulfite) SO 2-4 (sulfate) CrO 2-4 (chromate) Cr 2 O 2-7 (dichromate) HPO 2-4 (hydrogen phosphate) PO 4 3- (phosphate) 9/18/
13 You need to KNOW NAMES and FORMULAS of the polyatomic ions on previous table. This is your chemistry vocabulary. Table 2.4 p. 74 And Oxoanion Table on the course website. Go to website 9/18/
14 9/18/
15 What do these polyatomic anions look like? - Atoms tied together with covalent bonds in a definite geometry (as in a molecule), but with 1 or more extra electrons. - We ll put off a discussion of the details of bonding until later in the semester, but here is a picture of the computed structure of HCO 3-. Approximate outer limit of electrons The red color means that region is rich in negative charge (slight excess of electrons). The blue color indicates a region relatively poor in electrons, partially positive is term sometime used. The H of the OH group is like this. (see hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) in HyperChem) 9/18/
16 Ionic compounds with polyatomic ions obey same rules. BUT: Need to RECOGNIZE THE ION(s) FROM THE TABLE within the formula! NaNO 2 contains one Na + and one NO 2- ion per formula unit. NH 4 NO 2 contains one NH 4+ and one NO 2- ion per formula unit. 9/18/
17 Naming also follows the same rules, including using roman numeral for transition and lower main group atoms (but not zinc). Calcium phosphate (Always) Ca 2+ (Always) PO 4 3- Balance charge using lowest integer ratio: 3:2 Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 9/18/
18 Naming also follows the same rules, including using roman numeral for transition and lower main group atoms (but not zinc). Iron (III) nitrite (Always) Fe 3+ (Always) NO 2 - Balance charge using lowest integer ratio: 1:3 Fe (NO 2 ) 3 9/18/
19 REQUIRED Copper (I) hydrogen carbonate Or Copper (I) bicarbonate Therefore, this must be the Cu + cation HCO 3- anion CuHCO 3 9/18/
20 1.0 mole of sodium chloride contains how many moles of IONS? % 58% 6% 1% /18/
21 1.0 mole of sodium chloride contains how many moles of IONS? Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- Na Cl- A dozen formula units of NaCl contains 24 ions 1.0 mole of NaCl contains a mole (6.02x10 23 ) NaCl formula units. That is, a mole of each ion; total = 2 moles. 9/18/
22 1.0 mole of sodium carbonate contains how many moles of IONS? 58% % 17% % /18/
23 1.0 mole of sodium carbonate contains how many moles of IONS? Na 2 CO 3 9/18/
24 Covalent compounds form among non-metal atoms (several exceptions). 9/18/
25 Binary Covalent compounds - contain 2 kinds of atoms. The relative number of atoms is in general NOT PREDICTABLE. So we just work back and forth between name and formula. Names: DO INCLUDE PREFIX REFLECTING No. of atoms. The 2 nd atom is named like the monatomic ion (but its not an actual ion in the molecule ) CO CO 2 C 2 O 2 C 3 O 2 etc Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Dicarbon dioxide Tricarbon dioxide The element to RIGHT on the periodic table goes 2 nd. 9/18/
26 Mixed nomenclature Detecting covalent vs. ionic compounds OWL 2.8c 9/18/
27 No metal or NH 4! Therefore covalent What is the name of the compound with the formula SO 3? Sulfur trioxide What is the name of the compound with the formula KNO 3? Group I metal is ALWAYS 1+! Therefore ionic. Potassium nitrate What is the formula for nickel chloride? This transition metal is ALWAYS 2+! Therefore ionic. What is the formula for boron trichloride? No metal or NH 4! Therefore covalent NiCl_2_ BCl_3_ 9/18/
28 What ions and their relative numbers - are present in Li 2 SO 4? 1. Two Li 2+ and one SO Two Li +, one S 2-, and two O 2 molecules 3. One Li 2 2+, one S 2-, and one O 4 molecule 4. Two Li + and one SO One Li 2 2+ and one SO Need more information 9/18/
29 What ions and their relative numbers - are present in Li 2 SO 4? 1. Two Li 2+ and one SO Two Li +, one S 2-, and two O 2 molecules 3. One Li 2 2+, one S 2-, and one O 4 molecule 4. Two Li + and one SO One Li 2 2+ and one SO Don t know (1) In any compound, a Group I metal M always forms M + ion (2) SO 4 is the sulfate ion SO 4 2- (simply by memorization at this point) (3) No molecules inside polyatomic ions. 9/18/
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