Liquid Waste Analysis
|
|
- Paulina Cannon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Liquid Waste Analysis Garry Smith, XRF Application Specialist SciMed XRF, a division of Scientific and Medical Products Ltd
2 About Us SciMed represent Rigaku (RESE and ART) and Seiko (SIINT) XRF ranges Over 20 years history of working with XRF A wide range of UK installations across many types of applications
3 Summary What are the difficulties with liquid waste samples and how does the sample introduce error into the test result? Examples of errors induced on analysis: Suspended solids and settling Immiscible liquids and separation What are the practical solutions?
4 What are the difficulties? Liquid waste samples are rarely ideal as they are rarely homogeneous. May contain solids which settle over time. May be mixtures of immiscible liquids which separate over time.
5 An Example Example photos of multiphase sample before, during, and after separation and settling.
6 Why is this a Problem? For any analysis, the measured sample must be representative of the bulk material being tested. With XRF we are not always measuring everything in the sample cell. If components separate during analysis they may not be measured accurately.
7 Critical Depth Fluorescent photons from analytes are reabsorbed by the sample. Absorption follows the Beer-Lambert law: I = I 0 e -μρx where: μ = mass absorption coefficient ρ = matrix density x = path length
8 Critical Depth Critical Depth is defined as the depth of sample from which 99% of the fluorescent photons are re-absorbed. To calculate we can re-arrange Beer- Lambert to express path length, x, where: Io = 100 I
9 Critical Depth The equation simplifies to: Critical depth, x(mm) = μρ Critical depth increases with increasing photon energy. Critical depth decreases with increasing average atomic number and density of the sample.
10 Critical Depth Liquid Sample in Cell Zn Cl Fluorescent photon reabsorbed by sample Critical depth of Zn Kα Cl Critical depth of Cl Kα Incident X-rays Fluorescent photon to detector
11 Critical Depth Typical critical depths of selected XRF lines in oil and water Line Energy (kev) Typical Critical Depth (mm) Oil Water S Kα Cl Kα Cr Kα Zn Kα Pb Lα
12 Example 1 Effect on Peak Intensity of Analyte by Settling of Sediment (Analyte in Solution) Overlay view of spectra for S in heavily sedimented oil measured at 2 minute intervals, showing attenuation of peak as sediment settles. The analyte is concentrated in the solution.
13 Example 1 Effect on Peak Intensity of Analyte by Settling of Sediment (Analyte in Solution)(cont.) Overlay view of corresponding spectra for Zn in in the same sample. However there is virtually no change in intensity with time. The higher energy of Zn Kα has greater critical depth in the sample. Intensity is less variable with distribution throughout sample.
14 Measured S (ppm) Measured Zn (ppm) Example 1 Effect on Calculated Concentration of Analytes by Settling of Sediment (Analyte in Solution) Measured S and Zn Concentration vs. Time for Waste Oil Time after mixing (min)
15 Example 2 Effect on Peak Intensity of Analytes by Partitioning of Liquids (Aqueous Analyte) Overlay view of spectra for Cl measured at 2 minute intervals after mixing, showing enhancement of measured peak as aqueous component containing chloride separates to bottom of liquid cell.
16 Example 2 Effect on Peak Intensity of Analytes by Partitioning of Liquids (Oil Analyte) Overlay view of corresponding spectra for Cr measurement. Cr is concentrated into the oil component and is attenuated as this layer separates to the top of the liquid cell.
17 Measured Cl (ppm) Measured Cr (ppm) Example 2 Effect on Calculated Concentration of Analytes by Partitioning of Liquids (Analytes in Both Phases) Measured Cl (aqueous), and Cr (oil) vs. Time in Oil / Aqueous Mixture Time after mixing (min) Measured Cl (ppm) Measured Cr (ppm)
18 Summary Effect on measured intensity may be attenuation or enhancement depending on circumstances. Rate is dependent on the specific sample, e.g. particle size, viscosity, etc. Amount of error varies with analyte higher energy lines (usually heavier elements) affected less than lower energy lines (usually lighter elements).
19 In the case of real samples, these effects are in practice impossible to predict.
20 What are the Solutions? Ensure analysis is completed before phases separate (approximate analysis) Separate phases to remove unwanted components or analyse separately Stop phases from separating Use solid binders to immobilise components
21 Aqueous Samples Aqueous samples containing solids can be dealt with quite easily: Allow sample to settle or centrifuge sample and pipette supernatant liquid (dissolved components only). Filter sample and analyse separate components as required. Note can also be applied to organic liquids.
22 Immiscible Liquids Oil / hydrocarbon samples may contain water. While it may be possible to use emulsifier to stabilise, no universal solution for all sample types. More robust solutions: Separation Immobilisation using binder
23 Separation of Liquids - Centrifuging Centrifuging can provide a simple approach to separating aqueous component from oils and hydrocarbons Also removes solids Component required for analysis can simply be pipetted after centrifuging Reference: ASTM D4294 Sulphur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X- Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
24 Immobilisation Using Binder Separation of liquids or solids not always a practical solution (especially for waste oils) Both immiscible liquids and solids can be immobilised by mixing the sample with a powder binder material Graphite powder Activated alumina
25 Graphite Powder Fine graphite powder provides an inert and spectrally pure carrier material for oil / hydrocarbon samples Typically mix 10g sample with 4-6g graphite to produce a slurry Transfer to liquid sample cell and measure Reference: ASTM D5839 Trace Element Analysis of Hazardous Waste Fuel by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
26 Activated Alumina Activated alumina provides a stable carrier material for aqueous / organic solvent samples Typically mix 5g sample with 15g activated alumina to produce a slurry Transfer to liquid sample cell and measure Reference: ASTM D Preparation and Elemental Analysis of Liquid Hazardous Waste by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence.
27 In Closing Multiphase liquid samples can introduce significant errors into analysis results if not treated appropriately These errors are a result of the potential for phases to separate during measurement and the varying critical depth of different analytes. A number of potential solutions to remove or neutralise sources of error. Standard methodology often incorporates these precautions.
Standardless Analysis by XRF but I don t know what s in my sample!! Dr Colin Slater Applications Scientist, XRF Bruker UK Limited
by XRF but I don t know what s in my sample!! Dr Colin Slater Applications Scientist, XRF Bruker UK Limited XRF Standardless Analysis In this talk What is meant by standardless analysis? Fundamental Parameters
More informationAnalysis of Cadmium (Cd) in Plastic Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Analysis of Cadmium (Cd) in Plastic Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Hiroshi Onodera Application & Research Center, JEOL Ltd. Introduction um, PBB and PBDE) are subject to usage restrictions in Europe.
More informationX-Ray Fluorescence and Natural History
X-Ray Fluorescence and Natural History How XRF Helps XRF can be used both quantitatively (homogenous samples) and quantitatively (heterogenous samples).! Trace elements in a fossil can help identify source,
More informationElements, Compounds and Mixtures
L. R. & S. M. VISSANJI ACADEMY SECONDARY SECTION - 2016-17 CHEMISTRY - GRADE: VIII Elements, Compounds and Mixtures ELEMENTS An element is a pure substance which cannot be converted into anything simpler
More informationParticle size effect on XRF measurements of Copper and Zinc particles suspended in hydrocarbon materials
Particle size effect on XRF measurements of Copper and Zinc particles suspended in hydrocarbon materials Abdulhadi K.Jedran* Harith I.Jaffar** Zareh A.Serkes*** Date of acceptance 14/6/2007 Abstract: Copper
More informationChemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemistry 311: Instrumentation Analysis Topic 2: Atomic Spectroscopy
Topic 2b: X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Text: Chapter 12 Rouessac (1 week) 4.0 X-ray Fluorescence Download, read and understand EPA method 6010C ICP-OES Winter 2009 Page 1 Atomic X-ray Spectrometry Fundamental
More informationSurfactant-free exfoliation of graphite in aqueous solutions
Surfactant-free exfoliation of graphite in aqueous solutions Karen B. Ricardo, Anne Sendecki, and Haitao Liu * Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, U.S.A 1. Materials
More informationIntroduction to Work in Laboratory
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE Introduction to Work in Measuring volumes, filtration, centrifugation, solubility, separation Practical in Medical Biochemistry General Medicine
More informationElemental analysis by X-ray f luorescence. Sequential benchtop WDXRF spectrometer
Elemental analysis by X-ray f luorescence Sequential benchtop WDXRF spectrometer Elemental analysis is one of the most important fundamental measurements made for industrial quality control and research
More informationScience For Class IX Is Matter Around Us Pure
Science For Class IX Is Matter Around Us Pure (Q.1) Name the process which can be used to recover sugar from an aqueous sugar solution. (Q.2) What happens when a saturated solution is heated? (Q.3) Name
More informationMS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 4: XRF
2016 Fall Semester MS482 Materials Characterization ( 재료분석 ) Lecture Note 4: XRF Byungha Shin Dept. of MSE, KAIST 1 Course Information Syllabus 1. Overview of various characterization techniques (1 lecture)
More informationSpectroscopy and Chromatography
Spectroscopy and Chromatography Introduction Visible light is one very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The different properties of the various types of radiation depend upon their wavelength.
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK V SEMESTER EI6501 Analytical Instruments Regulation 2013 Academic
More informationVisible-light Driven Plasmonic Photocatalyst Helical Chiral TiO 2 Nanofibers
Visible-light Driven Plasmonic Photocatalyst Ag/AgCl @ Helical Chiral TiO 2 Nanofibers Dawei Wang, Yi Li*, Gianluca Li Puma, Chao Wang, Peifang Wang, Wenlong Zhang, and Qing Wang Fig. S1. The reactor of
More informationAPPLICATION OF DENSITOMETERS TO LIQUID MEASUREMENT Class #
APPLICATION OF DENSITOMETERS TO LIQUID MEASUREMENT Class # 2010.1 Joe Harris National Sales Manager Anton Paar USA 10215 Timber Ridge Drive Ashland, VA 23005 Introduction There are a variety of accurate
More informationprint first name print last name print student id grade
print first name print last name print student id grade Experiment 2 X-ray fluorescence X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be used to determine the constituent elements and the crystalline
More informationX-Ray Emission and Absorption
X-Ray Emission and Absorption Author: Mike Nill Alex Bryant February 6, 20 Abstract X-rays were produced by two bench-top diffractometers using a copper target. Various nickel filters were placed in front
More informationMOF-76: From Luminescent Probe to Highly Efficient U VI Sorption Material
MOF-76: From Luminescent Probe to Highly Efficient U VI Sorption Material Weiting Yang, a Zhi-Qiang Bai, b Wei-Qun Shi*, b Li-Yong Yuan, b Tao Tian, a Zhi-Fang Chai*, c Hao Wang, a and Zhong-Ming Sun*
More informationK sp = [Pb 2+ ][I ] 2 (1)
Chem 1B Saddleback College Dr. White 1 Experiment 11: Determination of K sp Objectives To determine the concentration of an unknown using a Beer- Lambert Plot. To determine the K sp for a relatively insoluble
More informationSample preparation for X-ray fluorescence analysis VII. Liquid sample
Technical articles Sample preparation for X-ray fluorescence analysis VII. Liquid sample Takao Moriyama* and Atsushi Morikawa** 1. Introduction We have discussed about the feature of X-ray fluorescence
More informationMT Electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis
MT-0.6026 Electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis Eero Haimi Research Manager Outline 1. Introduction Basics of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron
More informationDownloaded from
Science For Class IX Is Matter Around Us Pure (Q.1) Name the process which can be used to recover sugar from an aqueous sugar solution. (Q.2) What happens when a saturated solution is heated?
More informationRADIOACTIVE SAMPLE EFFECTS ON EDXRF SPECTRA
90 RADIOACTIVE SAMPLE EFFECTS ON EDXRF SPECTRA Christopher G. Worley Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 ABSTRACT Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is a rapid, straightforward
More informationANALYSIS OF LOW DENSITY PARTICLES USING DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGAL SEDIMENTATION
ANALYSIS OF LOW DENSITY PARTICLES USING DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGAL SEDIMENTATION Conventional Centrifugal Methods Centrifugal sedimentation of particles suspended in a fluid is a well known method (1, 2)
More informationParticle Size Analysis LUM GmbH
Particle Size Analysis STEP Technology Microparticles LUMiReader Nano- and Microparticles LUMiSizer 2 How does it work? Concentration change measured by transmission I 0 I Lambert Beer law Particle size
More informationDistinguish Describe Explain Describe demonstrate Slide 2 of 29
1 of 29 Distinguish between a solvent and a solute. Describe what happens in the process of solvation. Explain why all ionic compounds are electrolytes. Describe hydrates and demonstrate how the formula
More informationInfra Red Spectroscopy
CH 2252 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Unit I Infra Red Spectroscopy M. Subramanian Assistant Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam
More informationAtmospheric Analysis Gases. Sampling and analysis of gaseous compounds
Atmospheric Analysis Gases Sampling and analysis of gaseous compounds Introduction - External environment (ambient air) ; global warming, acid rain, introduction of pollutants, etc - Internal environment
More informationEffects of Temperature and Concentration on the Rate of Photo-bleaching of Erythrosine in Water
Supporting Information for: Effects of Temperature and Concentration on the Rate of Photo-bleaching of Erythrosine in Water Joshua K. G. Karlsson, Owen J. Woodford, Roza Al-Aqar and Anthony Harriman* Molecular
More informationOverview of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
Overview of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis AMPTEK, INC., Bedford, MA 01730 Ph: +1 781 275 2242 Fax: +1 781 275 3470 sales@amptek.com 1 What is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)? A physical process: Emission of characteristic
More informationQuantitative XRF Analysis. algorithms and their practical use
Joint ICTP-IAEA School on Novel Experimental Methodologies for Synchrotron Radiation Applications in Nano-science and Environmental Monitoring Quantitative XRF Analysis algorithms and their practical use
More informationAn introduction to particle size characterisation by DCS:
An introduction to particle size characterisation by DCS: Do you know the real size of your nano particles? By Dr Hiran Vegad, Analytik Ltd Introduction Differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) is
More informationSection 1: Solutions and Other Mixtures. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures
: Solutions and Other Mixtures Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures Key Ideas What is a heterogeneous mixture? What is a homogeneous mixture? Bellringer Mixtures of
More informationAEROSOL FILTER ANALYSIS USING POLARIZED OPTICS EDXRF WITH THIN FILM FP METHOD
Copyright JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data 2014 ISSN 1097-0002 219 AEROSOL FILTER ANALYSIS USING POLARIZED OPTICS EDXRF WITH THIN FILM FP METHOD Takao Moriyama 1), Atsushi Morikawa 1), Makoto
More informationIndustrial In-line and Multi Component Monitor Using Absorption Spectroscopy and Its Application
FFeature Article Article Industrial In-line and Multi Component Monitor Using Absorption Spectroscopy and Its Application Yoko NAKAI HORIBA s CS-Series chemical concentration monitors that use ultraviolet
More informationSEPARATION TECHNIQUES
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES If a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, we say that it is insoluble. For example, sand does not dissolve in water it is insoluble. Filtration is a method for separating an
More informationSection 1 What Is a Solution? Chapter 13. Mixtures
Mixtures Mixtures can either be heterogeneous or homogeneous. The particles of a heterogeneous mixture are large enough to see under a microscope. In a homogeneous mixture, however, the particles are molecule-sized,
More informationS2 PICOFOX. Innovation with Integrity. Spectrometry Solutions TXRF
S2 PICOFOX Spectrometry Solutions Innovation with Integrity TXRF S2 PICOFOX True Trace Analysis with XRF for the First Time! You need to know the concentration of trace elements in environmental samples?
More informationIn situ formation of metal Cd x Zn 1-x S nanocrystals on graphene surface: A novel method to synthesis sulfide-graphene nanocomposites
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 In situ formation of metal Cd x Zn 1-x S nanocrystals on graphene surface: A novel method to
More informationChapter 13 - Solutions
Chapter 13 - Solutions 13-1 Types of Mixtures Solutions A. Soluble 1. Capable of being dissolved B. Solution 1. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase C. Solvent 1. The dissolving
More informationMatter & Measurement. Brown, LeMay Ch 1 AP Chemistry Monta Vista High School
Matter & Measurement Brown, LeMay Ch 1 AP Chemistry Monta Vista High School 1.2 & 1.3: The Basics States of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, BEC Elements: substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler
More informationX-ray Absorption and Emission Prepared By Jose Hodak for BSAC program 2008
X-ray Absorption and Emission Prepared By Jose Hodak for BSAC program 2008 1- A bit of History: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered 1895 the X-rays. 1901 he was honored by the Noble prize for physics. In
More informationSummer Students lectures
Summer Students lectures XRF: X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Matthias Alfeld XRF: X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Hamburg, 13.08.13 > What is XRF? X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry > What can it do? Detect
More informationMass Transfer Fundamentals. Chapter#3
Mass Transfer Fundamentals Chapter#3 Mass Transfer Co-efficient Types of Mass Transfer Co-efficient Convective mass transfer can occur in a gas or liquid medium. Different types of mass transfer coefficients
More informationS8 TIGER Series 2 for ASTM D 6443
Lab Report XRF 139 S8 TIGER Series 2 for ASTM D 6443 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ca, Cl, Cu, Mg, P, S and Zn in Unused Lubricating Oils and Additives Introduction Lubricating oils are generally
More informationReprinted from February Hydrocarbon
February2012 When speed matters Loek van Eijck, Yokogawa, The Netherlands, questions whether rapid analysis of gases and liquids can be better achieved through use of a gas chromatograph or near infrared
More informationPhysical Separations and Chromatography
Lab #5A & B: Physical Separations and Chromatography Individual Objectives: At the end of these experiments you should be able to: Ø Distinguish between Rf and tr; chromatograph and chromatogram; adsorption
More informationElectronic Supplementary information (ESI) Nanodiamonds as Metal-Free Catalyst. 5 Few-Layer Graphene-Graphene Oxide Composite containing
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Electronic Supplementary information (ESI) 5 Few-Layer Graphene-Graphene
More informationScience 8. Unit A - Mix and Flow of Matter. Topic 1: Matter on the Move
Science 8 Unit A - Mix and Flow of Matter Topic 1: Matter on the Move 1. Investigate and describe fluids used in technological devices and everyday materials. 1C. Describe examples in which materials are
More information3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Introduction Atomic-absorption (AA) spectroscopy uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of gas-phase atoms. Since samples are usually liquids or solids,
More informationPortable type TXRF analyzer: Ourstex 200TX
Excerpted from Adv. X-Ray. Chem. Anal., Japan: 42, pp. 115-123 (2011) H. Nagai, Y. Nakajima, S. Kunimura, J. Kawai Improvement in Sensitivity and Quantification by Using a Portable Total Reflection X-Ray
More informationRESULTS AND DISCUSSION ON EFFECT OF COLLIMATOR SIZE ON THE ATTENUATION OF GAMMA RAY IN PURE ELEMENTS
CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ON EFFECT OF COLLIMATOR SIZE ON THE ATTENUATION OF GAMMA RAY IN PURE ELEMENTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION The increasing use of isotopes in the field of medicine and biology has demands
More informationThe photoluminescent graphene oxide serves as an acceptor rather. than a donor in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer pair of
Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 20XX The photoluminescent graphene oxide serves as an acceptor rather than a donor in the fluorescence
More informationInelastic soft x-ray scattering, fluorescence and elastic radiation
Inelastic soft x-ray scattering, fluorescence and elastic radiation What happens to the emission (or fluorescence) when the energy of the exciting photons changes? The emission spectra (can) change. One
More informationMulti-Element Analysis of Petroleum Crude Oils using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS
Multi-Element Analysis of Petroleum Crude Oils using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS Application note Energy and fuels Authors Jenny Nelson, Agilent Technologies, USA Ed McCurdy, Agilent Technologies, UK Introduction
More informationCentrifugation. There are several process functions using centrifuges in biotech separation. These are listed below.
Centrifugation Introduction A centrifuge is a device that separates particles from suspensions or even macromolecules from solutions according to their size, shape and density by subjecting these dispersed
More informationElectron-Induced X-Ray Intensity Ratios of Pb Lα/Lβ and As Kα/Kβ by kev Applied Voltages
Electron-Induced X-Ray Intensity Ratios of Pb Lα/Lβ and As Kα/Kβ by 18-30 kev Applied Voltages Bolortuya DAMDINSUREN and Jun KAWAI Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku,
More informationElements, Mixtures and Compounds
Elements, Mixtures and Compounds Chemistry is the study of physical matter, such as state of matter (gas, liquid or solid), chemical form (element, mixture or compound), chemical structure (atoms or molecules,
More information2101 Atomic Spectroscopy
2101 Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic identification Atomic spectroscopy refers to the absorption and emission of ultraviolet to visible light by atoms and monoatomic ions. It is best used to analyze metals.
More informationEDS User School. Principles of Electron Beam Microanalysis
EDS User School Principles of Electron Beam Microanalysis Outline 1.) Beam-specimen interactions 2.) EDS spectra: Origin of Bremsstrahlung and characteristic peaks 3.) Moseley s law 4.) Characteristic
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 19 Chapter 12. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 19 Chapter 12 There are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-ray spectrometry X-ray Techniques include:
More informationFar UV Absorbance Detector
Far UV Absorbance Detector Theory Most organic and inorganic species absorb strongly in the far UV. Notable exceptions are the inert gases, helium and nitrogen which absorb very weakly in this region.
More informationPeter L Warren, Pamela Y Shadforth ICI Technology, Wilton, Middlesbrough, U.K.
783 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS XRF ANALYSIS FOR SEMI-QUANTITATIVE Introduction Peter L Warren, Pamela Y Shadforth ICI Technology, Wilton, Middlesbrough, U.K. Historically x-ray fluorescence spectrometry has
More informationChapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry
Chapter 8: Introduction to Atomic Spectrometry Read: pp. 215 228 Problems: 2,4,5,6,9 Why choose atomic spectrometry? Three major types of spectrometric methods for identifying elements present in matter:
More informationSignificance of Absorption Coefficients When Determining In Situ Core Saturations by Linear X-ray Scans
Significance of Absorption Coefficients When Determining In Situ Core Saturations by Linear X-ray Scans By D. R. Maloney, D. C. Wegener, and D. R. Zornes, Phillips Petroleum Company Abstract Linear x-ray
More informationFEASIBILITY OF IN SITU TXRF
FEASIBILITY OF IN SITU TXRF A. ngh 1, P. Goldenzweig 2, K. Baur 1, S. Brennan 1, and P. Pianetta 1 1. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford, CA 94309, US 2. Binghamton University, New York,
More informationPetroleum Thermodynamic Research Group
Petroleum Thermodynamic Research Group Labs 6-128 & 6-133 Chemical and Materials Engineering (CME) Bldg. The Petroleum Thermodynamic Research Group investigates the properties of hydrocarbon resources
More informationMulti-element process analyzer
Multi-element process analyzer Elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence Compact multi-element process analyzer for liquid streams or f ixed position web applications Featuring advanced third generation
More informationBiophysics Collaborative Access Team Basic Techniques for EXAFS Revision date 6/25/94 G.Bunker. Optimizing X-ray Filters
Biophysics Collaborative Access Team Basic Techniques for EXAFS Revision date 6/25/94 G.Bunker Optimizing X-ray Filters X-ray filters are an essential, but often neglected, part of the apparatus for fluorescence
More informationOn-line XRF analysis of multiple elements in liquid process streams C-QUAND
An ideal tool for multiple element analysis using on-line XRF technology, from low ppm to percentage levels C-QUAND On-line XRF analysis of multiple elements in liquid process streams Introduction The
More informationLAB REPORT ON XRF OF POTTERY SAMPLES By BIJOY KRISHNA HALDER Mohammad Arif Ishtiaque Shuvo Jie Hong
LAB REPORT ON XRF OF POTTERY SAMPLES By BIJOY KRISHNA HALDER Mohammad Arif Ishtiaque Shuvo Jie Hong Introduction: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer is an x-ray instrument used for routine, relatively
More informationCLASSIFICATION OF MATTER AND MIXTURES
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER AND MIXTURES NOTEBOOK SETUP Staple both to the top or side of Page 20 Staple to the top or side of Page 21 OBJECTIVES SWBAT classify a mixture as a suspension, colloid or solution.
More informationApproaches to quantify the effect of extracted plant material on PHC levels.
Approaches to quantify the effect of extracted plant material on PHC levels. Chris Swyngedouw Bodycote Testing Group, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T1Y 5L3 Abstract Often when soil samples containing a high
More informationNovember 2010 Dr. Ben Müller-Zermini Folie 1. Umweltverträgliche Schmierstoffe TAE Esslingen
November 2010 Dr. Ben Müller-Zermini Folie 1 Methods for testing biodegradation of lubricants Umweltverträgliche Schmierstoffe 24.11.2010-26.11.2010 TAE Esslingen November 2010 Dr. Ben Müller-Zermini Folie
More informationX-Ray Fluorescent and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Measurement of Leaf Model
X-Ray Fluorescent and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Measurement of Leaf Model Atsushi Hashimoto a, Toshito Niwa a, T. Yamamura a, Mizanur Rahman a, Kenichi Nakanishi a, Takaharu Kameoka b, Takao Kumon c,
More informationAtomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Alex Miller ABC s of Electrochemistry 3/8/2012 Contents What is Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy? Basic Anatomy of an AAS system Theory of Operation Practical Operation
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR LOW-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTION CORRECTION IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES USING RADIATION SCATTERING TECHNIQUES
2009 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2009 Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil, September27 to October 2, 2009 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-03-8 DEVELOPMENT
More informationTrace metal contamination of soils and sediments in the Port Kembla area, New South Wales, Australia
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year 2009 Trace metal contamination of soils and sediments in the Port Kembla area, New South
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Mop up the Oil, Metal and Fluoride Ions from Water Tanmay Das a and Debasish Haldar a * a Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata,
More informationIntroduction to Dynamic Light Scattering for Particle Size Determination
www.horiba.com/us/particle Jeffrey Bodycomb, Ph.D. Introduction to Dynamic Light Scattering for Particle Size Determination 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1 Sizing Techniques 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
More informationDependence Of Gamma Ray Attenuation On Concentration Of Manganese (II) Chloride Solution
Dependence Of Gamma Ray Attenuation On Concentration Of Manganese (II) Chloride Solution Chikkappa Udagani Abstract: This paper presents the precise method to estimate the dependence of linear and mass
More informationPreparing the sample for determination of Viability
Preparing the sample for determination of Viability I. For preparing one sample for analysis you will need: - 1 pcs CELLCHIP - 1 piece of colored Eppendorf with SOFIA GREEN lyophilized dye - 1 piece of
More informationSpectral Filtering for Improving Quality of Material Discrimination Using Dual Energy X-rays
Spectral Filtering for Improving Quality of Material Discrimination Using Dual X-rays Y. M. Gil, Y. S. Lee, M. H. Cho, and W. Namgung POSTECH, PAL POSTECH Abstract The well-known dual energy method of
More informationBasic Instrumentation. Learning Objectives:
Proteomics Basic Instrumentation Basic Instrumentation Handling instruments plays an important role in laboratory working on a daily basis. The use of most instruments is almost inevitable and hence a
More informationUsing FIMS to Determine Mercury Content in Sewage Sludge, Sediment and Soil Samples
A P P L I C A T I O N N ot e Atomic Absorption Using FIMS to Determine Mercury Content in Sewage Sludge, Sediment and Soil Samples Introduction The Flow Injection Mercury System (FIMS) is a dedicated system
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13317-3 First edition 2001-03-01 Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods Part 3: X-ray gravitational
More informationIR Spectrography - Absorption. Raman Spectrography - Scattering. n 0 n M - Raman n 0 - Rayleigh
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Scattering Mid-IR and NIR require absorption of radiation from a ground level to an excited state, requires matching of radiation from source with difference in energy states. Raman
More informationTECHNICAL INFORMATION. Quantum Dot
Quantum Dot Quantum Dot is the nano meter sized semiconductor crystal with specific optical properties originates from the phenomenon which can be explained by the quantum chemistry and quantum mechanics.
More informationDetermination of the Solubility-Product Constant for a Sparingly Soluble Salt
Determination of the Solubility-Product Constant for a Sparingly Soluble Salt To become familiar with equilibria involving sparingly soluble substances by determining the value of the solubility-product
More informationElectron probe microanalysis - Electron microprobe analysis EPMA (EMPA) What s EPMA all about? What can you learn?
Electron probe microanalysis - Electron microprobe analysis EPMA (EMPA) What s EPMA all about? What can you learn? EPMA - what is it? Precise and accurate quantitative chemical analyses of micron-size
More informationhigh temp ( K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy
high temp (2000-6000K) Chapter 20: Atomic Spectroscopy 20-1. An Overview Most compounds Atoms in gas phase high temp (2000-6000K) (AES) (AAS) (AFS) sample Mass-to-charge (ICP-MS) Atomic Absorption experiment
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 2, FEBRUARY 2014 ISSN
Implication Of X-Ray Path, Region Of Interest, Tube Current And Voltage In Calibration Of X- Ray Fluorescence Instrument: A Case Study Of X-Supreme 8000 Amuda, A.K., Okoh, S., Ekwuribe, S., Bashir, M.
More informationExperiment 2 Solvent-free Aldol Condensation between 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 1-indanone
Experiment 2 Solvent-free Aldol Condensation between 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 1-indanone Chemical Concepts Carbonyl chemistry, base catalyzed aldol reaction, melting point, recrystallization Green
More informationH 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point
Unit 9: Solutions H 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point Water is a polar molecule. It experiences hydrogen
More informationChromatography & instrumentation in Organic Chemistry
Chromatography & instrumentation in Organic Chemistry What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a technique for separating mixtures into their components in order to analyze, identify, purify, and/or quantify
More informationINTRODUCTION Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy ( AFS ) depends on the measurement of the emission ( fluorescence ) emitted from gasphase analyte atoms
INTRODUCTION Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy ( AFS ) depends on the measurement of the emission ( fluorescence ) emitted from gasphase analyte atoms that have been excited to higher energy levels by absorption
More informationIDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR DURACOR TABLETS
PAGE 1 OF 8 IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR DURACOR TABLETS PAGE 2 OF 8 PROTOCOL APPROVALS Norvin Pharma Inc. Signature and Date Author Analytical Laboratory Approver Analytical Laboratory Group Leader Approver
More informationEXAFS. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
AOFSRR Cheiron School 2010, SPring-8 EXAFS Oct. 14th, 2010 Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Iwao Watanabe Ritsumeikan University EXAFS Theory Quantum Mechanics Models Approximations Experiment
More informationDetermination of the activity of radionuclides
BUREAU NATIONAL DE MÉTROLOGIE COMMISSARIAT À L'ÉNERGIE ATOMIQUE LABORATOIRE NATIONAL HENRI BECQUEREL Note technique LNHB/04-33 Determination of the activity of radionuclides contained in volume samples
More information2 nd exam of the 1 st term for 2 nd ESO G. 1. Look at the following picture:
2 nd exam of the 1 st term for 2 nd ESO G Name: 1. Look at the following picture: Date: What is the name of the separation technique that you see? What type of substances you separate with this technique?
More information