What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14
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1 What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas?
2 Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles.
3 Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. For covalent compounds these forces are called...
4 Intermolecular forces
5 Intermolecular forces - the attractive force that exists between molecules.
6 Intermolecular forces - the attractive force that exists between molecules.
7 Intermolecular forces - the attractive force that exists between molecules. MUCH weaker than the ionic or covalent bonds between atoms!
8 3 Types of intermolecular forces...
9 1.) Dispersion forces
10 1.) Dispersion forces (aka: van der Waals forces):
11 1.) Dispersion forces (aka: van der Waals forces):
12 1.) Dispersion forces
13 1.) Dispersion forces (aka: van der Waals forces):
14 1.) Dispersion forces (aka: van der Waals forces): Weakest intermolecular forces resulting from a momentary shifting of electrons from one side of a molecule to another.
15
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17 Explains the weak attraction that can exist between nonpolar molecules.
18 Explains the weak attraction that can exist between nonpolar molecules.
19 Explains the weak attraction that can exist between nonpolar molecules.
20
21 2. Dipole-dipole forces: Attractions between polar molecules.
22 2. Dipole-dipole forces: Attractions between polar molecules.
23 2. Dipole-dipole forces: Attractions between polar molecules.
24
25 3. Hydrogen bonds: Strongest dipole-dipole attraction.
26 3. Hydrogen bonds: Strongest dipole-dipole attraction. Occurs between molecules that have hydrogen covalently bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.
27 The most common example is water...
28 The most common example is water...
29 The most common example is water...
30 FYI: Hydrogen bonds are also what holds the two nucleotide strands together in a DNA molecule
31 FYI: Hydrogen bonds are also what holds the two nucleotide strands together in a DNA molecule
32 The Unique Properties of Water
33 All of the unique properties of water are due to the hydrogen bonding that takes place between its molecules. Such as...
34 Surface tension
35 Surface tension a property at the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, caused by the intermolecular forces between surface molecules.
36 Surface tension
37 Surface tension
38 Surface tension
39 Surface tension
40
41
42
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44 Hydrogen bonds are why water expands as it freezes...
45 the molecules rotate to maximize bonding!
46 the molecules rotate to maximize bonding!
47 the molecules rotate to maximize bonding!
48 the molecules rotate to maximize bonding!
49 Ice Bomb
50 Ice Bomb
51 Note: When a molecular compound boils, it s the intermolecular forces that are broken.
52 Note: When a molecular compound boils, it s the intermolecular forces that are broken. This is why water has such a high boiling point...
53 Note: When a molecular compound boils, it s the intermolecular forces that are broken. This is why water has such a high boiling point... the strong hydrogen bond do not easily break!
54
55
56 7.3 Using Chemical Formulas
57 7.3 Using Chemical Formulas i.) Determining the molar mass of a compound.
58 7.3 Using Chemical Formulas i.) Determining the molar mass of a compound. Recall, the molar mass of an element is its atomic mass in grams.
59 ii.) Mole-Mass Conversions for compounds.
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