Unit 2 Exam: Atomic Structure
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1 Name: Unit 2 Exam: Atomic Structure Date: 1. What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom of germanium in the ground state? A) 8 B) 2 C) 14 D) 4 2. An electron has a charge of A) 1 and the same mass as a proton B) +1 and the same mass as a proton C) 1 and a smaller mass than a proton D) +1 and a smaller mass than a proton
2 3. The bright-line spectra produced by four elements are represented in the diagram below. Given the bright-line spectrum of a mixture formed from two of these elements: Which elements are present in this mixture? A) A and D B) A and X C) Z and D D) Z and X 4. The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the atomic masses of A) the least abundant isotopes of the element B) the naturally occurring isotopes of the element C) the artificially produced isotopes of the element D) the natural and artificial isotopes of the element 5. What is the total number of protons in an atom with the electron configuration ? A) 69 B) 79 C) 118 D) Which particle has the same electron configuration as a potassium ion? A) fluoride ion B) sodium ion C) neon atom D) argon atom
3 7. What is the total charge of the nucleus of a nitrogen atom? A) +5 B) +2 C) +7 D) Compared to an atom of phosphorus-31, an atom of sulfur-32 contains A) one less neutron B) one less proton C) one more neutron D) one more proton 8. Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom of beryllium? A) electrons and protons B) electrons and positrons C) neutrons and protons D) neutrons and electrons 14. A bromine atom in an excited state could have an electron configuration of A) B) C) D) Which two notations represent isotopes of the same element? A) B) C) D) 10. Which Lewis electron-dot structure is drawn correctly for the atom it represents? A) B) C) D) 15. Which atom in the ground state has an outermost electron with the most energy? A) Cs B) K C) Li D) Na 16. A neutral atom contains 12 neutrons and 11 electrons. The number of protons in this atom is A) 1 B) 11 C) 12 D) All atoms of uranium have the same A) mass number B) atomic number C) number of neutrons plus protons D) number of neutrons plus electrons 12. An atom that has 13 protons and 15 neutrons is an isotope of the element A) nickel B) silicon C) aluminum D) phosphorus
4 17. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of The radius of a lithium atom is 130 picometers, and the radius of a fluorine atom is 60 picometers. The radius of a lithium ion, Li +, is 59 picometers, and the radius of a fluoride ion, F, is 133 picometers. In the space provided, draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for a fluoride ion. 18. Base your answer to the following question on the information below An atom in an excited state has an electron configuration of Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why this excited atom is electrically neutral. 19. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of Illuminated EXIT signs are used in public buildings such as schools. If the word EXIT is green, the sign may contain the radioisotope tritium, hydrogen-3. The tritium is a gas sealed in glass tubes. The emissions from the decay of the tritium gas cause a coating on the inside of the tubes to glow. State, in terms of neutrons, how an atom of tritium differs from an atom of hydrogen-1.
5 20. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of Some isotopes of potassium are K-37, K-39, K-40, K-41, and K-42. The natural abundance and the atomic mass for the naturally occurring isotopes of potassium are shown in the table below. Show a numerical setup for calculating the atomic mass of potassium. 21. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. Carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes, C-12, C-13, and C-14. Diamond and graphite are familiar forms of solid carbon. Diamond is one of the hardest substances known, while graphite is a very soft substance. Diamond has a rigid network of bonded atoms. Graphite has atoms bonded in thin layers that are held together by weak forces. Recent experiments have produced new forms of solid carbon called fullerenes. One fullerene, C60, is a spherical, cagelike molecule of carbon. Determine both the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in an atom of the naturally occurring carbon isotope with the largest mass number. 22. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of Fireworks that contain metallic salts such as sodium, strontium, and barium can generate bright colors. A technician investigates what colors are produced by the metallic salts by performing flame tests. During a flame test, a metallic salt is heated in the flame of a gas burner. Each metallic salt emits a characteristic colored light in the flame. Explain, in terms of electrons and energy, how a strontium salt emits colored light.
6 23. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. The bright-line spectra for three elements and a mixture of elements are shown below. State the total number of valence electrons in a lithium atom in the ground state.
7 24. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of The Bohr model of the atom was developed in the early part of the twentieth century. A diagram of the Bohr model for one atom, in the ground state, of a specific element, is shown below. The nucleus of this atom contains 4 protons and 5 neutrons. Using the Bohr model, describe the changes in electron energy and electron location when an atom changes from the ground state to an excited state.
8 25. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of The bright-line spectra observed in a spectroscope for three elements and a mixture of two of these elements are represented in the diagram below. Explain why the spectrum produced by a 1-gram sample of element Z would have the same spectral lines at the same wavelengths as the spectrum produced by a 2-gram sample of element Z.
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