Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology"

Transcription

1 Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ENS 463 by Alexander M. Zaitsev Tel: Office 4N101b 1

2 What is the size for a nano? 10-3 m, (milli) Macroobjects, e.g. discrete power transistor 10-6 m, (micro) Microobjects, e.g Microelectronics, transistor in a small integrated circuit m, (nano, meso) Nanoobjects, e.g. Nanoelectronics, transistor in a very large integrated circuit. Typical size of nanoobjects ranges from 1 to 100 nm. Clusters of atoms 0.1nm 1nm 10nm 100nm 1 m 10 m Large molecules (e.g. biomolecules) 2

3 Size scale compared to atom Bohr radius = Å 0.05 nm C atom (VdW radius)=0.17 nm In a 1nm line: In a 1nm 2 surface: In a 1nm 3 cube: In a 1m 3 cube: 3 C atoms 9 C atoms 27 C atoms C atoms A typical nanosystem (nanoobject) may contain from hundreds to tens of thousands of atoms. 3

4 Subject of Nanotechnology - Controllable manufacturing and characterization of materials and systems with predetermined and artificially modified atomic and molecular structure. - Nanoscience is Materials Science at atomic level. To accomplish that, one needs to manipulate with atoms and molecules at nanoscale. The importance of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology is determined by the fact that the specificity of the properties of materials and their functionality form at Nano-scale" by the atomic composition and the interaction between atoms and molecules. True Nanotechnology starts where one can manipulate both with atoms (molecules) and interactions between them. 4

5 Subject of Nanoscience Nanoscience is where atomic physics converges with the physics and chemistry of complex systems. Nanoscience is about the phenomena that occur in systems with nanometer dimensions. Quantum Mechanics Statistical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics dominates the world of atoms, but typical nanosystems may contain from hundreds to tens of thousands atoms. Emergent behavior How much a system is quantum mechanical? 5

6 Scaling down Physics and Chemistry 1. Below a certain length scale (that depends on interaction strengths) systems must be described using quantum mechanics. Ex. quantum dots, nanocatalysts, electronic transport through nanowires and thin films 2. Many processes depend on the number of available energy states per unit energy. This quantity varies with the dimensionality of the system. 3. The effective concentration of reactants that are confined in nanostructures may be very high. 6

7 Physical properties depend on size At nano-scale, - the material properties change - melting point, fluorescence, electrical conductivity, and chemical reactivity; - surface size is larger so a greater amount of the material comes into contact with surrounding materials and increases reactivity. Nanomaterial properties can be tuned by varying the size of the particle (e.g. changing the fluorescence color so a particle can be identified) Their complexity offers a variety of functions to products. CdSe nanoparticles (quantum dots) 7

8 Dependence on size Sensitivity of nano-structures As objects are scaled down the ratio of the surface to volume increases sharply. This makes surface effects more pronounced. E.g. isolated small size electrode will possesses high sensitivity due to non-linearity effects. 8

9 Areas of Nanotechnology Advance Materials & Textiles Information Technology Energy & Environment Mechanical Engineering / Robotics NANOTECHNOLOGY Aerospace Medicine / Health Biotechnology Transportation National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture 9

10 Examples of nanomaterials in products Amorphous silica fume (nano-silica) in Ultra High Performance Concrete. Nano platinum or palladium in vehicle catalytic converters - higher surface area to volume of particle gives increased reactivity and therefore increased efficiency. Crystalline silica fume is used as an additive in paints or coatings, giving e.g. self-cleaning characteristics it has a needle-like structure and sharp edges so is very toxic and is known to cause silicosis upon occupational exposure. References: al

11 What do we expect from Nanotechnology? Design and fabrication of artificial (never met in Nature) materials and devices with entirely new properties, capabilities and functionality. Carbon Rope Space Elevator will come true once the technology of crosslinking and binding the carbon nanotubes in continuous fibers becomes possible. 11

12 Two main aspects of Nanotechnology (i) NanoFabrication (ii) NanoCharacterization 12

13 Nano-Fabrication: Top-Down and Bottom-Up 0.1nm 1nm 10nm 100nm 1 m 10 m bottom-up Organic synthesis Self-assembly of atoms and molecules top-down Photolitography Microprinting 13

14 TOP-DOWN Nano-Fabrication The principle of TOP-DOWN methods of nanofabrication is the deliberate control of fabrication of every element of a nanosystem unit by unit (ideally atom by atom). Atomic content and interaction between atoms and molecules can be controlled at nanoscale with nanotools. Top-Down fabrication is an essentially "artificial" approach rarely found in nature. Physical methods Advantage: Top-down methods allow control of the nanofabrication process at every moment. Disadvantage: Manipulating with small amounts of atoms at a time. Low fabrication throughput. 14

15 BOTTOM-UP Nano-Fabrication Selection and combining naturally occurring building nanoblocks (atoms, molecules, nanoclusters) in a predetermined manner. The principle of the bottom-up nanofabrication is to put together in a specific time sequence certain atoms and molecules in appropriate quantities and leverage this way naturally occurring chemical, physical and biological processes. Advantage: manipulation with large quantities of atoms at a time. High fabrication throughput. Chemical method (self-assembly) Disadvantage: The bottom-up methods do not allow control of interatomic interactions). The predetermined interactions are taken as ready-to-use building blocks. However, a great variety of available atoms and molecules allows to put the interaction process in almost any pathway and form a great many of different nanostructures. 15

16 Nano-Characterization Nanofabrication is the major part of nanotechnology. A minor one, but equally important part is nano-charactrization. The fabricated novel nanostructures have to be tested for their advanced properties and functionality. Also one needs to monitor and control the process of nanofabrication. Direct characterization methods are those based on microscopy techniques. These methods allow direct observation of nanostructures and to test quality of their individual elements. The most common of the direct methods are Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical Near-Field microscopy, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). 16

17 SEM: Using electrons to see Scanning electron microscopes, invented in 1930s, let us see objects as small as 0.5 nm! High resolution of SEM is due to small size of electrons. SEM image is created by electrons bouncing off of the object surface. High-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM) image of mesoporous hollow silica used as a nanocarrier for drag delivery. 200 nm 17

18 Touching the surface 18

19 Indirect characterization methods Indirect characterization methods comprise techniques of traditional electrical, optical and mechanical characterization. These techniques provide information on macroscopic properties of nanomaterials and nanosystems. Examples of the indirect methods are electrical measurements (e.g. current-voltage characterization), optical spectroscopy (e.g. absorption, emission, Raman spectroscopies). 19

20 Risky nanotechnology... Development of something entirely new and unknown may be highly risky... Once we start to manipulate materials at the level of their fundamental basis, the unwanted and unpredictable side effects of this manipulation can be as disastrous as its positive results are beneficial. Nanotechnology may help the human race to survive the global problems we have created, or, if dealing imprudently, may accelerate our downfall. E.g. absolute catalytic converters for combustion engines based on Pt and Pd nanoparticles increase concentration of these nanoparticles in air and this increases risk of cancer. Scientists hope to use C60 fullerenes (buckyballs) as drug delivery systems, components of fuel cells and as tools to clean up contaminated soil. But buckyballs can also steal electrons from surrounding molecules -- a process known as oxidation and a common mechanism of tissue damage and aging. Some nanoparticle are freely mobile. Their penetration in natural ecosystems and human bodies may have negative health and environmental impacts. Nanotechnology for the military...? 20

21 Characteristics of nanoparticles relevant for health effects Size In addition to being able to cross cell membranes, reach the blood and various organs because of their very small size, nanoparticles of any material have a much greater surface to volume ratio (i.e. the surface area compared to the volume) than larger particles of that same material. Therefore, relatively more molecules of the chemical are present on the surface. This may be one of the reasons why nanoparticles are generally more toxicthan larger particles of the same composition. Chemical composition and surface characteristics The toxicity of nanoparticles depends on their chemical composition, but also on the composition of any chemicals adsorbed onto their surfaces. However, the surfaces of nanoparticles can be modified to make them less harmful to health. Shape Although there is little definitive evidence, the health effects of nanoparticles are likely to depend also on their shape. A significant example is nanotubes, which may be of a few nanometres in diameter but with a length that could be several micrometres. A recent study showed a high toxicity of carbon nanotubes which seemed to produce harmful effects by an entirely new mechanism, different from the normal model of toxic dusts. Crystalline silica fume used as an additive in paints or coatings has a needle-like structure and sharp edges so is very toxic and is known to cause silicosis upon occupational exposure. 21

22 Negative sides of nanotechnology for the environment: toxic nanoparticles Nanoparticles may impact the health and stability of ecosystems in ways that are difficult to predict. An example: Silver Nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles are being used in numerous technologies and incorporated into many products that take advantage of their optical, conductive, and antibacterial properties. Diagnostic Applications: in biosensors, as biological tags for quantitative detection. Antibacterial Applications: incorporated in apparel, footwear, paints, wound dressings, appliances, cosmetics, and plastics; Conductive Applications: conductive inks, composites with enhanced thermal and electrical conductivity; Optical Applications: used for efficient harvesting light, enhanced optical spectroscopies (metal-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering) but Silver nanoparticles, though they are not toxic to humans, dissolve in water and release silver ions (which are antibacterial). If silver nanoparticles are released into the environment, these types of concentrated silver ion releases could devastate local bacterial populations, with drastic consequences for the affected ecosystems. 22

23 Negative sides of nanotechnology for the environment: reactive nanoparticles There are also several types of nanomaterials that may be detrimental to the environment because they facilitate chemical reactions that can harm plankton, bacteria, and small animals. Many metal and metal oxide nanomaterials are excellent catalysts (materials that speed up the rate of different chemical reactions). If these catalytic nanomaterials are released into the environment, they can enable chemical reactions that generate toxic chemicals, such as free radicals or reactive oxygen species (aka ROSs). One of these nanomaterials is titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), which is an excellent photocatalyst (ultraviolet light exposure activates its catalytic properties). When illuminated by sunlight, titanium dioxide nanoparticles can catalyze chemical reactions that increase the concentrations of several ROSs (including hydroxide {-OH} or superoxide {-O 2 } radicals) in natural waters. These reactive oxygen species are known to be harmful to many aquatic organisms, including plankton and small fish. 23

24 How nanoparticles get into the environment 24

25 Nanotechnology has global impact As society becomes more interested in reaping the potential benefits of nanotechnology, nanoparticle production will increase, the number of nanoparticle-enabled products will increase. As a result, synthetic nanoparticles will join more traditional synthetic chemicals as environmental contaminants. By 2020, the total amount of nanomaterials produced by industry is expected to increase from 1000 to tons, making the release of nanomaterials during production a significant concern. Airborne pollutants are difficult to contain and can rapidly spread to other ecosystems (both near and far). 1 mole at STP occupies 22.4L, one breath is ca Mole N 2 Mass of earth s atmosphere is kg (80% N 2 ), 1 mole of N 2 weights 28 g. Moles N 2 in atmosphere are ca Fraction exhaled by Caesar: 0.05/ = : 150 Caesar Molecules /mole In each breath we breath in: or about 7 molecules of Caesar s Last Breath B.C. 25

Dr. PUJA CHAWLA. * - ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (PHYSICS) JMIT, RADAUR, HARYANA, INDIA.

Dr. PUJA CHAWLA. * - ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (PHYSICS) JMIT, RADAUR, HARYANA, INDIA. Dr. PUJA CHAWLA *E-mail- dr.poojachawla@jmit.ac.in ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (PHYSICS) JMIT, RADAUR, HARYANA, INDIA. NANOTECHNOLOGY & NANOMATERIALS Introduction Nanotechnology & Nanomaterials Synthesis of nanomaterials:

More information

Nanotechnology. Yung Liou P601 Institute of Physics Academia Sinica

Nanotechnology. Yung Liou P601 Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Nanotechnology Yung Liou P601 yung@phys.sinica.edu.tw Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 1 1st week Definition of Nanotechnology The Interagency Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology

More information

Like space travel and the Internet before it, the possibilities of the nano world catches the imagination of school children and scientists alike.

Like space travel and the Internet before it, the possibilities of the nano world catches the imagination of school children and scientists alike. The Nano World Preface Nano is the cool thing and it s the buzzword Like space travel and the Internet before it, the possibilities of the nano world catches the imagination of school children and scientists

More information

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA (Electronics & Communication) Submitted By: LAKSHIKA SOMANI E&C II yr, IV sem. Session: 2007-08 Department of Electronics & Communication Geetanjali Institute of Technical

More information

3.30 TITANIUM DIOXIDE

3.30 TITANIUM DIOXIDE 181 3.30 TITANIUM DIOXIDE Technology Prospects Addressable market size 5 Competitive landscape 3 IP landscape 4 Commercial prospects 4 Technology drawbacks 3 Total score (out of max. 25): 19 3.30.1 Properties

More information

Nanotechnology for the Environment: Challenges, Risks and Research Directions

Nanotechnology for the Environment: Challenges, Risks and Research Directions Nanotechnology for the Environment: Challenges, Risks and Research Directions Slawo Lomnicki Louisiana State University, Chemistry Department LSU Superfund Research Center Catalysis Nanotechnology Pioneer

More information

In the name of Allah

In the name of Allah In the name of Allah Nano chemistry- 4 th stage Lecture No. 1 History of nanotechnology 16-10-2016 Assistance prof. Dr. Luma Majeed Ahmed lumamajeed2013@gmail.com, luma.ahmed@uokerbala.edu.iq Nano chemistry-4

More information

Jeopardy Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400

Jeopardy Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Jeopardy Size and Scale Nano Products Tools Structure Of Matter Science and Society Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300

More information

Contents. Preface to the first edition

Contents. Preface to the first edition Contents List of authors Preface to the first edition Introduction x xi xiii 1 The nanotechnology revolution 1 1.1 From micro- to nanoelectronics 2 1.2 From the macroscopic to the nanoscopic world 4 1.3

More information

1.1. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

1.1. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 1.1. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 1.1.1. A Brief Historical Overview Before trying to understand and discuss about synthesis, characterization and application of nanomaterials, it is

More information

Nano Materials and Devices

Nano Materials and Devices Nano Materials and Devices Professor Michael Austin Platform Technologies Research Institute Nano Materials and Devices Program Aim: to develop an integrated capability in nanotechnology Design and modelling

More information

Nanotechnology Nanofabrication of Functional Materials. Marin Alexe Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle - Germany

Nanotechnology Nanofabrication of Functional Materials. Marin Alexe Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle - Germany Nanotechnology Nanofabrication of Functional Materials Marin Alexe Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle - Germany Contents Part I History and background to nanotechnology Nanoworld Nanoelectronics

More information

Seminars in Nanosystems - I

Seminars in Nanosystems - I Seminars in Nanosystems - I Winter Semester 2011/2012 Dr. Emanuela Margapoti Emanuela.Margapoti@wsi.tum.de Dr. Gregor Koblmüller Gregor.Koblmueller@wsi.tum.de Seminar Room at ZNN 1 floor Topics of the

More information

NANOTECHNOLOGY SOLID WASTE IMPLICATIONS. Gurumurthy Ramachandran. University of Minnesota

NANOTECHNOLOGY SOLID WASTE IMPLICATIONS. Gurumurthy Ramachandran. University of Minnesota NANOTECHNOLOGY SOLID WASTE IMPLICATIONS Gurumurthy Ramachandran University of Minnesota Engineering at the Atomic Level: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Manipulating atoms Writing with atoms. D.M. Eigler,

More information

Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment: Persistence, Transformations, and Bioavailability

Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment: Persistence, Transformations, and Bioavailability Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment: Persistence, Transformations, and Bioavailability Heileen (Helen) Hsu-Kim Duke University Civil & Environmental Engineering What are engineered nanomaterials?

More information

master thesis STM studies of molecules for molecular electronics

master thesis STM studies of molecules for molecular electronics STM studies of molecules for molecular electronics Experimental study of single organic molecules by Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) and spectroscopy at low temperature Experimental STM images of Aza-BODIPY

More information

Break-out group I: Morphological, Geometrical, and General Terminology ANSI-Nanotechnology Standards Panel

Break-out group I: Morphological, Geometrical, and General Terminology ANSI-Nanotechnology Standards Panel Break-out group I: Morphological, Geometrical, and General Terminology ANSI-Nanotechnology Standards Panel Presented by Dr. Donald Marlowe FDA 1 Top 5 Critical Issues Related to Nomenclature 1. Characterization

More information

Nanotechnology: Today and tomorrow

Nanotechnology: Today and tomorrow Nanotechnology: Today and tomorrow Horst-Günter Rubahn NanoSYD Mads Clausen Instituttet Syddansk Universitet Alsion 2 6400 Sønderborg Agenda Alsion A bit about nano Nanoproducts Top down vs. bottom up

More information

Contents. Foreword by Darrell H. Reneker

Contents. Foreword by Darrell H. Reneker Table of Foreword by Darrell H. Reneker Preface page xi xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 How big is a nanometer? 1 1.2 What is nanotechnology? 1 1.3 Historical development of nanotechnology 2 1.4 Classification

More information

29: Nanotechnology. What is Nanotechnology? Properties Control and Understanding. Nanomaterials

29: Nanotechnology. What is Nanotechnology? Properties Control and Understanding. Nanomaterials 29: Nanotechnology What is Nanotechnology? Properties Control and Understanding Nanomaterials Making nanomaterials Seeing at the nanoscale Quantum Dots Carbon Nanotubes Biology at the Nanoscale Some Applications

More information

Materials. Definitions of nanotechnology. The term nanotechnology was invented by Professor Norio Taniguchi at the University of Tokyo in 1971.

Materials. Definitions of nanotechnology. The term nanotechnology was invented by Professor Norio Taniguchi at the University of Tokyo in 1971. Materials Definitions of nanotechnology The term nanotechnology was invented by Professor Norio Taniguchi at the University of Tokyo in 1971. The original definition, translated into English Nano-technology'

More information

1. Introduction : 1.2 New properties:

1. Introduction : 1.2 New properties: Nanodevices In Electronics Rakesh Kasaraneni(PID : 4672248) Department of Electrical Engineering EEL 5425 Introduction to Nanotechnology Florida International University Abstract : This paper describes

More information

Crystalline Surfaces for Laser Metrology

Crystalline Surfaces for Laser Metrology Crystalline Surfaces for Laser Metrology A.V. Latyshev, Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Abstract: The number of methodological recommendations has been pronounced to describe

More information

Final Reading Assignment: Travels to the Nanoworld: pages pages pages

Final Reading Assignment: Travels to the Nanoworld: pages pages pages Final Reading Assignment: Travels to the Nanoworld: pages 152-164 pages 201-214 pages 219-227 Bottom-up nanofabrication Can we assemble nanomachines manually? What are the components (parts)? nanoparticles

More information

Characterization Methods of Manufactured Nanomaterials for EHS Studies

Characterization Methods of Manufactured Nanomaterials for EHS Studies Characterization Methods of Manufactured Nanomaterials for EHS Studies Steven W Brown, MS, CIH International Standards Organization Technical Committee #229 on Nanotechnologies Convener Work Group #3 Environmental

More information

Chapter 12. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved.

Chapter 12. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved. Chapter 12 Nanometrology Introduction Nanometrology is the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Figure illustrates where nanoscale stands in relation to a meter and sub divisions of meter. Nanometrology

More information

Fabrication at the nanoscale for nanophotonics

Fabrication at the nanoscale for nanophotonics Fabrication at the nanoscale for nanophotonics Ilya Sychugov, KTH Materials Physics, Kista silicon nanocrystal by electron beam induced deposition lithography Outline of basic nanofabrication methods Devices

More information

Kavli Workshop for Journalists. June 13th, CNF Cleanroom Activities

Kavli Workshop for Journalists. June 13th, CNF Cleanroom Activities Kavli Workshop for Journalists June 13th, 2007 CNF Cleanroom Activities Seeing nm-sized Objects with an SEM Lab experience: Scanning Electron Microscopy Equipment: Zeiss Supra 55VP Scanning electron microscopes

More information

WJEC England GCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Bonding, structure and properties. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only)

WJEC England GCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Bonding, structure and properties. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only) WJEC England GCSE Chemistry Topic 5: Bonding, structure and properties Notes (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only) Chemical bonds Compounds - substances in which 2 or more elements are chemically combined.

More information

Nanosystems and chemical weapons: considerations about the potential risk of illicit use of nanosized materials

Nanosystems and chemical weapons: considerations about the potential risk of illicit use of nanosized materials Nanosystems and chemical weapons: considerations about the potential risk of illicit use of nanosized materials ISTM Matteo Guidotti National Research Council (CNR) Istitute of Molecular Sciences and Technologies

More information

Nanophysics: Main trends

Nanophysics: Main trends Nano-opto-electronics Nanophysics: Main trends Nanomechanics Main issues Light interaction with small structures Molecules Nanoparticles (semiconductor and metallic) Microparticles Photonic crystals Nanoplasmonics

More information

Nanotechnology where size matters

Nanotechnology where size matters Nanotechnology where size matters J Emyr Macdonald Overview Ways of seeing very small things What is nanotechnology and why is it important? Building nanostructures What we can do with nanotechnology?

More information

REPORT ON SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE. Course ME-228 Materials and Structural Property Correlations Course Instructor Prof. M. S.

REPORT ON SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE. Course ME-228 Materials and Structural Property Correlations Course Instructor Prof. M. S. REPORT ON SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE Course ME-228 Materials and Structural Property Correlations Course Instructor Prof. M. S. Bobji Submitted by Ankush Kumar Jaiswal (09371) Abhay Nandan (09301) Sunil

More information

Image courtesy of Dr James Bendall, University of Cambridge, UK. Discover the secrets h of the Nanoworld

Image courtesy of Dr James Bendall, University of Cambridge, UK. Discover the secrets h of the Nanoworld Image courtesy of Dr James Bendall, University of Cambridge, UK. Discover the secrets h of the Nanoworld Nano has become a buzz word in popular culture to just mean small. To understand nanotechnology

More information

Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods.

Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods. Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods. 10 / 05 / 2016 1 Summary: 1.Introduction to Nanotechnology:...3 2.Nanotechnology Fabrication Methods:...5 2.1.Top-down Methods:...7 2.2.Bottom-up Methods:...16 3.Conclusions:...19

More information

Picotechnology refers to the structuring of matter on a true picometer scale.

Picotechnology refers to the structuring of matter on a true picometer scale. Picotechnology It is a level of technological manipulation of matter on the scale of trillionths of a meter or picoscale (10 12 ). This is one order of magnitude smaller than a nanometer and one order

More information

Nanotechnology. An Introduction

Nanotechnology. An Introduction Nanotechnology An Introduction Nanotechnology A new interdisciplinary field of science The study of systems at the nanoscale The use of tools at the nanoscale Building and applying structures that are

More information

Fundamentals of nanoscience

Fundamentals of nanoscience Fundamentals of nanoscience Spectroscopy of nano-objects Mika Pettersson 1. Non-spatially resolved spectroscopy Traditionally, in spectroscopy, one is interested in obtaining information on the energy

More information

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications

Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications Nanomaterials and their Optical Applications Winter Semester 2013 Lecture 02 rachel.grange@uni-jena.de http://www.iap.uni-jena.de/multiphoton Lecture 2: outline 2 Introduction to Nanophotonics Theoretical

More information

Nanoparticle Toxicity Assessment in a Bacterial Model

Nanoparticle Toxicity Assessment in a Bacterial Model Nanoparticle Toxicity Assessment in a Bacterial Model Ian L. Gunsolus, Dehong Hu, Cosmin Mihai, William B. Chrisler, Samuel E. Lohse, Marco D. Torelli, Robert J. Hamers, Catherine J. Murphy, Galya Orr,

More information

Chapter 10. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved.

Chapter 10. Nanometrology. Oxford University Press All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Nanometrology Oxford University Press 2013. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction Nanometrology is the science of measurement at the nanoscale level. Figure illustrates where nanoscale stands

More information

NANOMEDICINE. WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS, NANOSENSORS AND NANOSYSTEMS

NANOMEDICINE. WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS, NANOSENSORS AND NANOSYSTEMS NANOMEDICINE DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS, NANOSENSORS AND NANOSYSTEMS Vijay K. Varadan Linfeng Chen Jining Xie WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication Preface About the Authors

More information

Nanotechnology and Exposure: The Pathway to a Safe and Healthy Environment. Professor Candace Tsai Colorado State University

Nanotechnology and Exposure: The Pathway to a Safe and Healthy Environment. Professor Candace Tsai Colorado State University Nanotechnology and Exposure: The Pathway to a Safe and Healthy Environment Professor Candace Tsai Colorado State University Bogotá, 14-15 FEB 2017 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Engineered Nanoparticles-

More information

DOWNLOAD OR READ : NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS PROCESSING PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 2ND ENLARGED EDITION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI

DOWNLOAD OR READ : NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS PROCESSING PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 2ND ENLARGED EDITION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI DOWNLOAD OR READ : NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS PROCESSING PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 2ND ENLARGED EDITION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 nanostructured materials processing properties and applications

More information

for sodium ion (Na + )

for sodium ion (Na + ) 3.4 Unit 2 Chemistry 2 Throughout this unit candidates will be expected to write word equations for reactions specified. Higher tier candidates will also be expected to write and balance symbol equations

More information

NANOSCIENCE: TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS

NANOSCIENCE: TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON PHYS6014W1 SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2012-2013 NANOSCIENCE: TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS DURATION 120 MINS (2 Hours) This paper contains 8 questions Answer ALL questions in

More information

Nanoscale Surface Physics PHY 5XXX

Nanoscale Surface Physics PHY 5XXX SYLLABUS Nanoscale Surface Physics PHY 5XXX Spring Semester, 2006 Instructor: Dr. Beatriz Roldán-Cuenya Time: Tuesday and Thursday 4:00 to 5:45 pm Location: Theory: MAP 306, Laboratory: MAP 148 Office

More information

Chapter 6 Magnetic nanoparticles

Chapter 6 Magnetic nanoparticles Chapter 6 Magnetic nanoparticles Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a class of nanoparticle which can be manipulated using magnetic field gradients. Such particles commonly consist of magnetic elements

More information

A Rare Look at Nanoparticle Reactivity and Aggregation Juan Liu (VT), Deborah Aruguete (VT), & Michael Hochella (VT)

A Rare Look at Nanoparticle Reactivity and Aggregation Juan Liu (VT), Deborah Aruguete (VT), & Michael Hochella (VT) A Rare Look at Nanoparticle Reactivity and Aggregation Juan Liu (VT), Deborah Aruguete (VT), & Michael Hochella (VT) Galena, a sulfide mineral, is a common source of lead in the environment. (A) shows

More information

In today s lecture, we will cover:

In today s lecture, we will cover: In today s lecture, we will cover: Metal and Metal oxide Nanoparticles Semiconductor Nanocrystals Carbon Nanotubes 1 Week 2: Nanoparticles Goals for this section Develop an understanding of the physical

More information

SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES

SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES CPC - B82Y - 2017.08 B82Y SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES Definition statement This place covers:

More information

Occupational Health and Safety Decisions in the face of Nanomaterials Uncertainties. Outline

Occupational Health and Safety Decisions in the face of Nanomaterials Uncertainties. Outline Occupational Health and Safety Decisions in the face of Nanomaterials Uncertainties Greener Nano 2008 Mark McCulloch CIH Hewlett-Packard Outline Pre-Nano (Existing) Situation! Standards, Toxicology, Measurement,

More information

DOWNLOAD OR READ : NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI

DOWNLOAD OR READ : NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI DOWNLOAD OR READ : NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 nanostructured materials and nanotechnology nanostructured materials and nanotechnology pdf nanostructured

More information

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) Bob Hwang Co-Director, Sandia National Laboratories

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) Bob Hwang Co-Director, Sandia National Laboratories Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) Bob Hwang Co-Director, Sandia National Laboratories Department of Energy Nanoscience Centers Molecular Foundry Center for Nanoscale Materials Center for Functional

More information

Nanotechnology? Source: National Science Foundation (NSF), USA

Nanotechnology? Source: National Science Foundation (NSF), USA 2 2 Nanotechnology? Ability to work at the atomic, molecular and even sub-molecular levels in order to create and use material structures, devices and systems with new properties and functions Source:

More information

State of São Paulo. Brasil. Localization. Santo André

State of São Paulo. Brasil. Localization. Santo André Brasil State of São Paulo Localization Santo André The Group www.crespilho.com Frank N. Crespilho Pablo R. S. Abdias Group Leader Synthesis of nanostructured materials using polyelectrolytes Andressa R.

More information

Lesson 1: Introduction to Nanoscience. Teacher Materials

Lesson 1: Introduction to Nanoscience. Teacher Materials Lesson 1: Introduction to Nanoscience Teacher Materials Contents Introduction to Nanoscience: Teacher Lesson Plan Introduction to Nanoscience: PowerPoint with Teacher Notes Introduction to Nanoscience

More information

8. Are current risk assessment methodologies for nanoparticles adequate?...11

8. Are current risk assessment methodologies for nanoparticles adequate?...11 page 1/16 Source document: Nanotechnologies SCENIHR (2006) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Level 2 - Details on Nanotechnologies 1. What is nanotechnology?...3 2. What is the current state of nanoscience

More information

Evaluating Human Health Risks from Nanomaterials

Evaluating Human Health Risks from Nanomaterials Evaluating Human Health Risks from Nanomaterials September 7, 2006 John R. Bucher, Ph.D., Director Toxicology Operations, NTP/NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes

More information

Nanostructures. Lecture 13 OUTLINE

Nanostructures. Lecture 13 OUTLINE Nanostructures MTX9100 Nanomaterials Lecture 13 OUTLINE -What is quantum confinement? - How can zero-dimensional materials be used? -What are one dimensional structures? -Why does graphene attract so much

More information

Normenliste Nanotechnologie 1

Normenliste Nanotechnologie 1 Normenliste Nanotechnologie 1 Diese Normenliste ist bei der Studie zu berücksichtigen sowie gegebenenfalls zu vervollständigen. Die Auflistung ist auf Englisch mit dem Stand vom Juni 2015. Norm Titel Komitee

More information

An Introduction to Quantum Dots: Confinement, Synthesis, Artificial Atoms and Applications

An Introduction to Quantum Dots: Confinement, Synthesis, Artificial Atoms and Applications An Introduction to Quantum Dots: Confinement, Synthesis, Artificial Atoms and Applications John Sinclair Univeristy of Tennessee Solid State II Instructer: Dr. Dagotto April 9, 2009 Abstract This paper

More information

SYLLABUS FINDING NANO Syllabus NanoSCI DISCOVERING NANOTECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE IN GERMANY

SYLLABUS FINDING NANO Syllabus NanoSCI DISCOVERING NANOTECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE IN GERMANY 1. Syllabus NanoSCI Course title: NanoSCI - Electronic Properties of Nanoengineered Materials Catalog description: Physics and technology of nanoengineered materials and devices. Semiconductor nanostructures.

More information

Nanoparticles and Nanofibers

Nanoparticles and Nanofibers Nanoparticles and Nanofibers Why are nanoparticles important? The properties of nanoparticles can be controlled by engineering the size, shape, and composition of the particles. Engineers can incorporate

More information

CURRICULUM VITAE. 1. To apply the knowledge which I learned theoretically in the practical setting.

CURRICULUM VITAE. 1. To apply the knowledge which I learned theoretically in the practical setting. CURRICULUM VITAE II M,Sc. Nano Science and Technology, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu. Mobile: +91-9843858762 E mail: maninano@gmail.com MANIVEL.P Objectives: 1. To apply the knowledge which I learned

More information

The application of nano aluminum powder on solid propellant

The application of nano aluminum powder on solid propellant The application of nano aluminum powder on solid propellant Metal incendiary agent is one of the important components of modern solid propellant, which can improve the explosion heat and density of propellant.

More information

Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay

Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay Clays: Colloidal Properties in Nanodomain Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004, India [e mail

More information

1 Introduction COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. 1.1 HowdoweDefinetheSurface?

1 Introduction COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. 1.1 HowdoweDefinetheSurface? 1 Introduction JOHN C. VICKERMAN Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK The surface behaviour of materials

More information

Advanced characterization: the key factor for standardization at nm-scale. Olha Sereda

Advanced characterization: the key factor for standardization at nm-scale. Olha Sereda Advanced characterization: the key factor for standardization at nm-scale Olha Sereda osr@csem.ch about CSEM Our mission Development and transfer of microtechnologies to the industrial sector in order

More information

UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY BOOK 1

UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY BOOK 1 UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY BOOK 1 How Can the Diversity of Materials Be Explained? Page 1 AoS 1: How Can the Knowledge of Elements Explain the Properties of Matter? Page 1 AoS 2: How Can the Versatility of Non-Metals

More information

Nanofabrication/Nano-Characterization Calixarene and CNT Control Technology

Nanofabrication/Nano-Characterization Calixarene and CNT Control Technology Nanofabrication/Nano-Characterization Calixarene and CNT Control Technology ISHIDA Masahiko, FUJITA Junichi, NARIHIRO Mitsuru, ICHIHASHI Toshinari, NIHEY Fumiyuki, OCHIAI Yukinori Abstract The world of

More information

Nova 600 NanoLab Dual beam Focused Ion Beam IITKanpur

Nova 600 NanoLab Dual beam Focused Ion Beam IITKanpur Nova 600 NanoLab Dual beam Focused Ion Beam system @ IITKanpur Dual Beam Nova 600 Nano Lab From FEI company (Dual Beam = SEM + FIB) SEM: The Electron Beam for SEM Field Emission Electron Gun Energy : 500

More information

INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY & EFFECT OF NANOMATERIALS ON ENVIRONMENT & HUMAN HEALTH

INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY & EFFECT OF NANOMATERIALS ON ENVIRONMENT & HUMAN HEALTH INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY & EFFECT OF NANOMATERIALS ON ENVIRONMENT & HUMAN HEALTH INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology has emerged as a growing and rapidly changing field. New generations of nanomaterials

More information

Opportunities and Implications for. the 21st Century

Opportunities and Implications for. the 21st Century Opportunities and Implications for Green Nanotechnology in Industry for the 21st Century Reducing Principles to Practice June 16, 2010 John M. Miller, Ph.D. Dune Sciences, Inc. Nanotechnology CLEAN WATER

More information

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a highly active photocatalytic material

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a highly active photocatalytic material Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a highly active photocatalytic material 1 Ultrafine (nanoparticle) TiO 2 production at Cinkarna Celje, Inc... 4 Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and of

More information

Fabrication / Synthesis Techniques

Fabrication / Synthesis Techniques Quantum Dots Physical properties Fabrication / Synthesis Techniques Applications Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology Ch.13.3 L. Kouwenhoven and C. Marcus, Physics World, June 1998, p.35

More information

Nano-mechatronics. Presented by: György BudaváriSzabó (X0LY4M)

Nano-mechatronics. Presented by: György BudaváriSzabó (X0LY4M) Nano-mechatronics Presented by: György BudaváriSzabó (X0LY4M) Nano-mechatronics Nano-mechatronics is currently used in broader spectra, ranging from basic applications in robotics, actuators, sensors,

More information

Other SPM Techniques. Scanning Probe Microscopy HT10

Other SPM Techniques. Scanning Probe Microscopy HT10 Other SPM Techniques Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) Multiprobe techniques Electrostatic Force Microscopy,

More information

QUEENSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT. LECTURE: 3 hours per week CREDITS: 3

QUEENSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT. LECTURE: 3 hours per week CREDITS: 3 QUEENSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT CH-5 H INTRODUCTION TO NANOSCIENCE LECTURE: hours per week CREDITS: TEXTBOOK: Introduction to Nanoscience & Nanotechnology. ISBN: 978-400-4779-0 By

More information

Collecting Data for the NanoSense Evaluation

Collecting Data for the NanoSense Evaluation Collecting Data for the NanoSense Evaluation Thank you for choosing to use NanoSense materials in your class and helping us collect data about student learning. We are asking you to do four things in this

More information

materials, devices and systems through manipulation of matter at nanometer scale and exploitation of novel phenomena which arise because of the

materials, devices and systems through manipulation of matter at nanometer scale and exploitation of novel phenomena which arise because of the Nanotechnology is the creation of USEFUL/FUNCTIONAL materials, devices and systems through manipulation of matter at nanometer scale and exploitation of novel phenomena which arise because of the nanometer

More information

4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic

4.2.1 Chemical bonds, ionic, covalent and metallic 4.2 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Chemists use theories of structure and bonding to explain the physical and chemical properties of materials. Analysis of structures shows that atoms

More information

Ciência (Bio)nanosystems based on quantum dots, plasmonic or magnetic nanoparticles

Ciência (Bio)nanosystems based on quantum dots, plasmonic or magnetic nanoparticles Ciência 216 (Bio)nanosystems based on quantum dots, plasmonic or magnetic nanoparticles Paulo J. G. Coutinho Departamento/Centro de Física Escola de Ciências Universidade do Minho 4 Julho 216 OVERVIEW

More information

Carbon Nanomaterials: Nanotubes and Nanobuds and Graphene towards new products 2030

Carbon Nanomaterials: Nanotubes and Nanobuds and Graphene towards new products 2030 Carbon Nanomaterials: Nanotubes and Nanobuds and Graphene towards new products 2030 Prof. Dr. Esko I. Kauppinen Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) Espoo, Finland Forecast Seminar February 13, 2009

More information

2.3 Modeling Interatomic Interactions Pairwise Potentials Many-Body Potentials Studying Biomolecules: The Force

2.3 Modeling Interatomic Interactions Pairwise Potentials Many-Body Potentials Studying Biomolecules: The Force Contents 1 Introduction to Computational Meso-Bio-Nano (MBN) Science and MBN EXPLORER.... 1 1.1 Meso-Bio-Nano Science: A Novel Field of Interdisciplinary Research.... 1 1.1.1 Structure and Dynamics of

More information

Photocatalysis: semiconductor physics

Photocatalysis: semiconductor physics Photocatalysis: semiconductor physics Carlos J. Tavares Center of Physics, University of Minho, Portugal ctavares@fisica.uminho.pt www.fisica.uminho.pt 1 Guimarães Where do I come from? 3 Guimarães 4 Introduction>>

More information

Nanotechnology 5 th lecture

Nanotechnology 5 th lecture Nanotechnology 5 th lecture (c) http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr_data/ gallery/gallery_01/gallery_01_03/pics_06/ internet/nanotube_spiral.jpg Plan for today: http://www.nccr-nano.org/nccr_data/gallery/ gallery_01/gallery_01_03/pics_04/internet/

More information

672 Advanced Solid State Physics. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

672 Advanced Solid State Physics. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 672 Advanced Solid State Physics Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Biao Hu Outline: 1. Introduction to STM 2. STM principle & working modes 3. STM application & extension 4. STM in our group 1. Introduction

More information

Understanding the properties and behavior of groups of interacting atoms more than simple molecules

Understanding the properties and behavior of groups of interacting atoms more than simple molecules Condensed Matter Physics Scratching the Surface Understanding the properties and behavior of groups of interacting atoms more than simple molecules Solids and fluids in ordinary and exotic states low energy

More information

Near-Field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology

Near-Field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology M. Ohtsu (Ed.) Near-Field Nano/Atom Optics and Technology With 189 Figures / Springer Preface List of Contributors V VII XIII 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Near-Field Optics and Related Technologies 1 1.2 History

More information

Course file PPY15204 Nanoscience and Nanomaterials Table of Contents

Course file PPY15204 Nanoscience and Nanomaterials Table of Contents Department Physics Nanotechnology : M.sc Physics Course file PPY15204 Table Contents Second Year MSc Physics (2015-2016 Regulation) Detailed Lesson Plan UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY History Importance

More information

Nanotechnology Safety. Safety Notes on an Emerging Technology

Nanotechnology Safety. Safety Notes on an Emerging Technology Nanotechnology Safety Safety Notes on an Emerging Technology our machines are evolving faster than we are. Within a few decades they seem likely to surpass us. Unless we learn to live with them in safety,

More information

MSN551 LITHOGRAPHY II

MSN551 LITHOGRAPHY II MSN551 Introduction to Micro and Nano Fabrication LITHOGRAPHY II E-Beam, Focused Ion Beam and Soft Lithography Why need electron beam lithography? Smaller features are required By electronics industry:

More information

A Plasmonic Photocatalyst Consisting of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Titanium Dioxide. Ryan Huschka LANP Seminar February 19, 2008

A Plasmonic Photocatalyst Consisting of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Titanium Dioxide. Ryan Huschka LANP Seminar February 19, 2008 A Plasmonic Photocatalyst Consisting of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Titanium Dioxide Ryan Huschka LANP Seminar February 19, 2008 TiO 2 Applications White Pigment Photocatalyst Previous methods to

More information

General concept and defining characteristics of AFM. Dina Kudasheva Advisor: Prof. Mary K. Cowman

General concept and defining characteristics of AFM. Dina Kudasheva Advisor: Prof. Mary K. Cowman General concept and defining characteristics of AFM Dina Kudasheva Advisor: Prof. Mary K. Cowman Overview Introduction History of the SPM invention Technical Capabilities Principles of operation Examples

More information

Applications of Titanium Dioxdie Nanocoating

Applications of Titanium Dioxdie Nanocoating Applications of Titanium Dioxdie Nanocoating Behzad Rezaei 1, Hamid Mosaddeghi 2 1, 2 Department of Chemistry, 1 rezaei@cc.iut.ac.ir 2 h.mosaddeghi@ch.iut.ac.ir Abstract Metal oxide semiconductors, such

More information

DiSCmini. Handheld diffusion size classifier for nanoparticle measurement.

DiSCmini. Handheld diffusion size classifier for nanoparticle measurement. DiSCmini Handheld diffusion size classifier for nanoparticle measurement. Nanoparticle measurement anywhere It already exists DiSCmini operates without working fluids or radioactive sources and works in

More information

The Curious Case of Au Nanoparticles

The Curious Case of Au Nanoparticles The Curious Case of Au Nanoparticles Industrial reactions performed by metals 1 Low Au reactivity Predictions are typically based on d-band model Hold well for polycrystalline materials Coinage metals

More information

Toward Modular Molecular Composite Nanosystems

Toward Modular Molecular Composite Nanosystems Toward Modular Molecular Composite Nanosystems K. Eric Drexler, PhD U.C. Berkeley 26 April 2009 Intended take-away messages: Paths are now open toward complex, self-assembled, heterogenous nanosystems

More information

Nanocrystalline Cellulose:

Nanocrystalline Cellulose: Nanocrystalline Cellulose: International Standardization & Metrological Approaches Alan Steele National Research Council Institute for National Measurement Standards TAPPI International Conference on Nano

More information