6. In which direction will the point of equilibrium shift when the pressure is increased in the following equilibrium?
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1 4. Equilibrium is reached in a chemical reaction when A. the reactants are completely consumed. B. the concentrations of all reactants and products become equal. C. the rates of the opposing reactions become equal. D. the forward and reverse reactions stop. Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section According to Le Châtelier s Principle, decreasing the temperature at which the following reaction takes place will N 2 O kj 2NO 2 (g) A. shift the equilibrium to the left. B. shift the equilibrium to the right. C. have no effect on the equilibrium. Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In which direction will the point of equilibrium shift when the pressure is increased in the following equilibrium? N 2 (g) + 3 H 2 (g) 2 NH 3 (g) A. Shift to the right B. Shift to the left C. No shift Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In which direction will the point of equilibrium shift when temperature is increased in the following equilibrium? 2 SO 3 (g) kj 2 SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) A. Shift to the right B. Shift to the left C. No shift Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In which direction will the point of equilibrium shift when a catalyst is added to the following equilibrium system? A. Shift to the right B. Shift to the left 2 C (s) + O 2 (g) 2 CO (g) kj 260
2 C. No shift Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Calculate the value of K eq for the following equilibrium when [ H 2 ] = M, [ I 2 ] = M, and [ HI ] =1.544 M. H 2 (g) + I 2 (g) 2 HI (g) A B C D Answer: D; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Which acid ionization constant would indicate the strongest acid? A B C D Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section A solution in which equilibrium is reached between dissolved and undissolved solute is A. saturated. B. unsaturated. C. supersaturated. Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Which species is oxidized in the following equation? 2 H 2 O 2 H 2 + O 2 A. H 2 B. O 2 C. H +1 D. O -2 Answer: D; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section What is the oxidation number of manganese in MnO 2? A
3 B. -4 C. +4 D. 0 Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Which occurs when a sodium atom is oxidized? A. One electron is gained B. One electron is lost C. One proton is gained D. One proton is lost Answer: B; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Which occurs when an oxygen atom is reduced? A. Two protons are gained B. Two protons are lost C. Two electrons are gained D. Two electrons are lost Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section The reducing agent is A. the species that is reduced. B. the species with a negative charge. C. the species that loses electrons. D. the species that gains electrons. Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In the following reaction, the chlorine atoms 2 Na + Cl 2 2 NaCl A. gain electrons. B. lose electrons. C. gain protons. D. lose protons. Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section What always occurs at the cathode in an electrolytic cell? A. Protons are gained B. Protons are lost C. Electrons are gained D. Electrons are lost 262
4 Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In a voltaic cell A. a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously and releases energy as electricity. B. electricity causes a chemical reaction to occur. C. a physical change occurs spontaneously and releases energy as electricity. D. electricity causes a physical change to occur. Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section The instrument used to measure ionizing radiation is a A. radioactive counter. B. Curie counter. C. Roentgen counter. D. Geiger counter. Answer: D; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Gamma radiation has A. a mass of 4 amu. B. a charge of +2. C. a charge of -1. D. neither mass nor charge. Answer: D; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section An alpha particle has A. a mass of 2 amu. B. a mass of 4 amu. C. a charge of -1. D. neither mass nor charge. Answer: B; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section A beta particle has A. a mass of 4 amu. B. a charge of +4. C. a charge of -1. D. neither mass nor charge. Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In which type of reaction does a heavy nucleus absorb a neutron, split to form two or more intermediate sized fragments, and release at least two neutrons? A. Alpha decay B. Beta decay C. Fission 263
5 D. Fusion Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section In which type of reaction do the nuclei of two light elements unite to form a heavier nucleus? A. Fission B. Fusion C. Alpha decay D. Beta decay Answer: B; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Which form of nuclear emission requires the greatest amount of shielding to provide protection from radiation injury? A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Which form of nuclear emission requires the least amount of shielding to provide protection from radiation injury? A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma Answer: A; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section How many neutrons are in the nucleus of cobalt-60? A. 29 B. 31 C. 27 D. 33 Answer: D; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section What type of emission causes C-14 to decay to N-14? A. Alpha B. Beta C. Positron D. Gamma Answer: B; Difficulty: medium; Reference: Section When Kr-85 emits gamma radiation, the remaining nucleus is A. Rb-85 B. Se
6 C. Kr-85 D. Rb-84 Answer: C; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section
7 96. The ionization constant, K a, for an acetic acid solution is For a 0.45 M solution of acetic acid calculate the following: A. [ H +1 ] B. ph Answer: A. [ H +1 ] = M; B. ph = 2.6; Difficulty: medium; Reference: Section The K sp value for barium sulfate is Calculate the solubility of barium sulfate in grams per liter. Answer: Solubility is g/l ; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Use the activity series at the right More active K to predict whether each of the Ba following reactions will occur Ca spontaneously. Na Mg Al Zn Cr Fe A. Fe + Ca(NO 3 ) 2 B. Mg + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 C. K + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 D. Cr + NaNO 3 E. Mg + Ca(NO 3 ) 2 F. Ba + Al(NO 3 ) 3 Answer: A. No reaction; B. Spontaneous reaction; C. Spontaneous reaction; D. No reaction; E. No reaction; F. Spontaneous reaction; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section Define the term half-life. Why are half-lives important when using radioactive tracers for medical purposes? Answer: The half-life refers to the amount of time it takes for the concentration of a species to 266
8 drop to half of its initial value. Half-lives for radioactive tracers used for medical purposes must be quite short to minimize the exposure of the patient to potentially damaging effects of the radiation emitted by the tracer.; Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section
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