You learned a tremendous amount about science over the last five months. Think of the semester final as a way for you to show how much you know!

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1 Scientific Method, Metrics, Graphing, Characteristics of Life, Chemistry, Cells, Microscopes, Cell Reproduction, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis, DNA Structure, Replication, Translation and Transcription You learned a tremendous amount about science over the last five months. Think of the semester final as a way for you to show how much you know! This review guide counts as a homework assignment and you are to complete it by Take the semester final serious. It is 20% of your first semester grade. 1. List the characteristics of life below Characteristics of Life and The Cell Theory 2. List the three parts of the cell theory below a) b) c) 3. Is a virus alive? If yes, explain why, if not explain why they are not. Scientific Method 4 9. Define the following terms and be able to identify them in a problem 4. Dependent variable 5. Independent variable 6. Control 7. Experimental Group 8. Control Group 9. Criteria for a Good Experiment 1

2 Read and answer the questions below. It was springtime and Berta was starting to plant her garden tomato plants. She wanted to increase the size of the tomatoes. She thought that adding fertilizer to a tomato plant would yield the largest tomatoes in Vikingville. She planted two tomato plant seeds in her garden on 4/15/08. The seeds received the same amount of water and sunlight. Tomato seed number one was grown in soil with no fertilizer, tomato seed number two was grown in soil with fertilizer. She picked the tomatoes from each plant on 7/31/08. She measured and averaged the masses (weight) of the tomatoes from each plant. Plant one grew seven centimeters on average, and plant two grew twelve centimeters on average. She concluded that the tomatoes were healthier. 10. What should her hypothesis be? 11. What is the independent variable? 12. What is the dependent variable? 13. How did she control the experiment? 14. What is the experimental group? 15. What is the control group? 16. What is one thing that is wrong with this experiment? 17. What is wrong with her conclusion? Metric Convert the following cm m dm mm cm m kl hl l dk m hm g mg dkg 2

3 Look at the graph and answer the questions below. Peppered Moths Captured Number of Moths Captured Time in years Light Dark 23. What is on the x-axis? 24. What is the unit on the x-axis? 25. What was the independent variable for the experiment? 26. What was the dependent variable for the experiment? 27. What is the title of the graph? 28. At 4 years, how many light colored moths were caught? 29. At what year are the number of moths captured equal? Chemistry Define the terms below. If the term is a carb, protein or amino acid make sure you what they are made of. 30. Proton 31. Neutron 32. Electron 33. Atomic Mass 34. Carbohydrates-Saccharides 3

4 35. Monosaccharide 36. Polysaccharides 37. Protein 38. Amino Acid 39. Fat-Lipids 40. Glycerol 41. Fatty Acid 42. Dehydration Synthesis Fill in the chart below with the expected results for each test. Benedict s Iodine Biuret Brown Paper Bag Dissolving in Water Carbohydrates Mono Di Poly Protein Fats Fill in the chart with the following molecules # of Molecules Total # of Atoms # of Elements Total # of C # of C or N per molecule 2C6H12O6 6NO3 4CO2 4

5 Use the periodic table to figure out the name of the atom and the number of protons and neutrons the atom has. Draw the protons, neutrons, and electrons on the diagram. Electrons in the electron cloud and protons and neutrons in nucleus. Atomic # 9 Atomic mass 19 Name: Protons: Neutrons: Electrons: Atomic # 3 Atomic mass Name: Protons: Neutrons: 3 Electrons: Atomic # Atomic mass 31 Name: Protons: Neutrons: Electrons: 15 Atomic # Atomic mass 15 Name: Protons: 8 Neutrons: Electrons: 5

6 Atomic # Atomic mass 14 Name: Nitrogen Protons: Neutrons: Electrons: Atomic # Atomic mass 22 Name: Protons: Neutrons: Electrons: 11 Atomic # Atomic mass 30 Name: Protons: Neutrons: Electrons: 14 Atomic # Atomic mass Name: Sulfur Protons: Neutrons: 16 Electrons: Acids, Bases and Water Properties 43. Draw the ph scale below. Mark the colors and numbers. Then mark the following words on the scale: Strong Base, Strong Acid, Weak Acid, Weak Base, Neutral 6

7 44. What kind of ions are found in an acid? 45. What kind of ions are found in a base? 46. Define polarity: 47. Draw a molecule of water. Label the slight charges on the molecule. Draw a second molecule. Draw and label a hydrogen bond. 48. Define the following words: a. Adhesion: b. Cohesion: c. Surface Tension: Cells Match the organelle/structure with the correct function on the right. Organelle/Structure Function 49. Cell Wall a. Site of photosynthesis. 50. Nucleus b. Produces proteins. 51. Lysosome c. Control center of cell. 52. Cell Membrane d. Transport system inside cell. 53. Chloroplast e. Packages proteins. 54. Golgi Bodies ab. Produces energy in the cell 55. Endoplasmic Reticulum ac. Produces ribosomes. 56. Ribosomes ad. Controls entry and exit of materials. 57. Mitochondria ae. Provides protection and support. 58. Vacuole abc. Storage center in the cell. 59. Nucleolus abd. Produces enzymes to digest bacteria. 7

8 Use word Bank Match the organelle structure on the picture with the correct organelle/structure in the word bank a. Nucleus b. Cell Membrane c. Nucleolus d. Nuclear Membrane e. Ribosomes ab. Vacuole ac. Chloroplast ad. Cytoplasm Cell Transport Matching. Look at the following cells and determine if they are hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic. a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic Select the best answer. 63. In a hypotonic solution, a cell will a. Shrink b. Swell c. Neither swell or shrink d. Swell then shrink 8

9 64. In a hypertonic solution, a cell will e. Shrink f. Swell g. Neither swell or shrink h. Swell then shrink 65. When the concentration (amount) of water is higher outside of a cell, the outside of the cell is referred to as i. Hypertonic k. Isotonic j. Hypotonic l. Semipermeable Fill in the blank. Fill in the blanks with the words bank below. a. diffusion b. selectively c. membrane d. fat e. high ab. low The cell membrane is made out of two layers of (66). These two layers of fat are (67) permeable. Holes in the membrane allow substances or molecules to move from (68) concentrations to (69) concentration. The process that moves any substance across the membrane is called (70). True or False. 71. All cells have selectively permeable cell membranes 72. In osmosis, water moves from a low concentration of water to a high concentration of water 73. Cell membranes are made out of two layers of fat 74. The cell membrane is the control center of the cell 75. The cell membrane selects by size 76. Starch was able to fit through the holes in the membrane of the dialysis tube Short Answer. Briefly answer the questions with a complete sentence. 77. Why is diffusion and osmosis important for living cells? 78. Draw a cell membrane below with the following parts included: marker protein, protein channel, protein pump and phospholipid. Define the purpose of each part. 9

10 Cell Cycle Describe the major steps to each portion of the cell cycle. Then draw a picture of what is happening in each stage. Interphase Interphase Picture G1: S G2: Prophase Picture Metaphase Picture Anaphase Picture Telophase Picture Cytokinesis Picture: Plant and Animal *Go back and label chromatin, sister chromatids, centromere, spindle fiber, centrioles, nucleolus, nucleus, nuclear membrane, cleavage furrow, cell plate 10

11 Cell Energy Answer the questions below in the space provided. 79. What does the word photosynthesis mean? 80. Do plants eat? explain either way 81. If plants don t eat, where do they get energy from? If they do eat, what do they eat? 82. Where do you get energy from? 83. What does a plant convert light energy, CO2 and water to? 84. How would you feel if you sprinted as fast as you could for 5 minutes? 85. If you jog really slow for 2 minutes, are mostly likely doing anaerobic respiration or aerobic? 86. Which of the following is a carbohydrate? a) steak b) butter c) skittles d) lard 87. What are the reactants in photosynthesis and what are the products? 88. What are the reactants in cellular respiration and what are the products? Briefly answer the questions below. 89. What is ATP used for in a cell? 90. What does anaerobic mean? 11

12 91. What does aerobic mean? 92. What is fermentation and what are the products of alcoholic fermentation? 93. How could you test for gas produced in fermentation? More Chemistry You stumble upon a strange jar with a liquid chemical in your garage. Being the curious scientist you are, you decide to run a series of tests to determine some chemical characteristics of this strange substance. You want to find out the ph of the substance, and determine if it contains lipids, proteins, or carbohydrates. You decide to make a list of the tests you should run to characterize this mystery substance. You carry out all of the tests and you discover that your hypothesis is correct. The solution ONLY HAS FATTY ACIDS (FATS) IN IT. Describe what ALL of your results from your test would look like. Although you do not need to, you can make a data table to explain your answer. Write on the back if you need more room. 94. Carbohydrates tests 95. ph Tests 96. Protein Test 97. Fat Test 98. Would should you conclusion be? 99. What are the components of a fat molecule? 100. What is the difference between a monosaccharide and polysaccharide? 12

13 DNA 101. Label the parts of the diagram to the right: 102. Circle a nucleotide on the diagram to the right: How many nucleotides are in the diagram to the right? 103. What is the diagram to the right a molecule of? 104. What are the bases? And how do they match up? 103. Fill in the venn diagrams DNA BOTH RNA Transcription BOTH Replication 104. What is the purpose of trna? 105. What is the purpose of mrna? 106. Describe the steps of DNA replication: 107. Describe the steps of transcription: 108. Describe the steps of translation: 13

14 109. Label the diagram below: 14

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