video 14.4 isomers isomers Isomers have the molecular formula but are rearranged in a structure with different properties. Example: Both C 4 H 10

Transcription

1 video 14.4 isomers isomers Isomers have the molecular formula but are rearranged in a structure with different properties. Example: Both C 4 H 10 Butane Methylpropane 1

2 match the isomers drawing an isomer of an alkane Use the same molecular formula (same number of carbons and hydrogens) Draw a different structural formula 2

3 example Draw an isomer of hexane: isomers of alkenes and alkynes Double or triple bond in different Example: isomers of butene 3

4 drawing isomers of alkenes and alkynes Use same molecular formula (same number of carbons and hydrogens) Move the location of the double or triple bond ***Be careful not to move the bond into the same position. Remember you can read compounds right to left or left to right. example Draw an isomer of 1-pentene: 4

5 video 14.5 functional groups functional groups Use Table R in your reference tables when you have more than just a hydrocarbon 5

6 to name or draw an organic compound with a functional group Use the example given in Table R and compare it to your problem. Locate the class of compound and see how it is named or drawn in the example. Use it as a model to name or draw the compound in the problem. halides Have one or more halogens as a branched group. Name chain Add halogen prefix # location of halogen Organic es 6

7 example Organic es example If more than one of the same halogen, use di, tri, etc. Organic es 7

8 alcohol Functional Group (OH) Name chain Suffix ol # location of OH Organic es example Organic es 8

9 ethers Name small chain then large chain Suffix: -ether Organic es example Organic es 9

10 Name chain Suffix: -al aldehydes Organic es example Organic es 10

11 ketones Name parent chain Suffix: -one # location of functional group Organic es ketones Organic es 11

12 organic acids Contain carboxyl group (-COOH) Name parent chain Drop ending and add oic acid Organic es example Organic es 12

13 ester Name chain bonded to O first Name chain with double bonded O last Suffix: -anoate Organic es example Organic es 13

14 amines Name chain Suffix: -amine Organic es example Organic es 14

15 amides Different than amines due to double bonded O Name parent chain Suffix: -amide Organic es example Organic es 15

16 video 14.6 organic reactions organic reactions How organic molecules are 16

17 1. combustion Organic compound is burned in the presence of oxygen to produce and O 2 is always a REACTANT! 2. substitution Similar to single replacement: two atoms switch First compound is saturated ( bonds) One H is switched with one halogen (Group 17) End up with products CH 4 + Cl 2 CH 3 Cl + HCl 17

18 example 3. addition Double or triple bond is broken and two or more atoms are added Original molecule must be End up with only 1 product C 2 H 4 + Br 2 C 2 H 4 Br 2 18

19 example Cl-Cl 4. esterification Forms esters (esters are responsible for many smells) Identify ester as (Use Table R) propanoic acid ester O C O O R C O R O CH 3 CH 2 COCH 3 methyl propanoate 19

20 5. fermentation Enzymatic breakdown of sugar into (ethanol) and CO 2 Identify alcohol and CO 2 as product C 6 H 12 O 6 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2 6. saponification Hydrolysis of using a base Produces and glycerol (alcohol) Identify soap as a product and a base as a reactant 20

21 6. polymerization Formation of long-chain molecules (polymers) from small (monomers) Can be natural (proteins) or artificial (plastics) Starch long chains of sugars Proteins long chains of amino acids Cellulose long chains of sugars addition polymerization Adding small alkenes together by breaking the double bond, to create a large chain. Identify by n which represents a large number 21

22 condensation polymerization Joining 2 molecules by removing 22