Chapter 4 Polymer solutions
|
|
- Prosper Perry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 4 Polymer solutions 4.1 Introduction Solution: any phase containing more than one component.(gas, liquid or solid) Polymer solution is important: Classical analyses of polymers are conducted on dilute solutions size exclusion chromatography osmometry, viscometry light scattering. Application: adhesives and coatings. Electronic device process: LED, FET, PV, Memeory etc.
2 Solubility: Similar compound solves similar compounds Polar solvent e.g. (H 2 O) ----polar polymer Unpolar solvent ----unpolar polymer Crosslink Crystallinity Solubility Dissolving process: T Concentration Swelling Polymer release in solvent Some polymers take days to be dissolved Necessary thermodynamic condition for mixing two components: G mix = H mix - T S mix < 0
3 4.2 Entropy of binary mixing Mix A and B with no volume change shown in 2-D V A+B =V A +V B Lattice of a binary mixture of two low molar mass components. Volume fractions: φ A = V A VA + V B V B φb = = 1 φa VA + VB
4 4.5 More on the Flory-Huggins theory Homogeneous mixture: Uniform and all components of mixture are intermixed on a molecular scale. Heterogeneous mixture: Consists of several different phases (region with different compositions) 1. Regular solutions The free energy of mixing at 300 K for the following B-values: (a) B=0; (b) B=2000 J mol-1; (c) B=4000 J mol-1; (d) B=6000 J mol-1; (e) B=8000 J mol-1 Entropy dominated Enthalpy dominated
5 < 0 unstable spinodal points, > 0 Local stable binodal points have a common tangent in the Gmix vs. x 1 plot. Free energy as a function of composition (x1) showing binodal (B) and spinodal (C) concentrations.
6 B is set to 6000 J mol-1 The free energy of mixing at different temperatures is shown in the diagram. The binodal (B) and spinodal (S) points are indicated in the figure. At high T, homogeneous mixture.
7 Spinodal and binodal curves meet. UCST: upper critical solution temperature At T greater than the UCST miscibility occurs at all compositions Phase diagram showing the binodal (B) and spinodal (S) curves.
8 2. Polymer solutions 3. Limitation of the Flory-huggins theory Colligative properties are those properties of a solution which depend only upon the number of solute species present in a certain volume, and not on the nature of the solute species.
9 membrane permeable only to the solvent molecules and not to the polymer molecules. The osmotic pressure П is the pressure that must be applied to the solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through the membrane. V1 is the molar volume of the solvent. can be obtained as the slope coefficient in a plot of Simple experimental set-up for osmosis Deviation from linearity is T-dependent
10 Modify1 e.g. PMMA in toluene, at 20 C modified Flory-Huggins
11 The co-existence of UCST and lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) Modify 2 θ is theta temperature, which is the UCST for a solution of a polymer of infinite molar mass and C p is the exchange heat capacity. Schematic phase diagram for the system cyclohexane-polystyrene (PS). With Cp<0, the presence of both UCST and LCST can be described by the Flory-Huggins equation.
12 3. Good solvent or poor solvent is the specific volume of the pure polymer, is the molar mass of the repeating unit of the polymer. second virial coefficient (A 2 ) Osmotic pressure (ΠRT/c) versus polymer concentration. The chain conformation is influenced by the "goodness" of the solvent
13 4.6 Polymer-polymer blends 1. Techniques assessing of polymer/polymer miscibility scanning electron microscope Transmission electron microscopy Small-angle neutron scattering Small-angle X-ray scattering Wide-angle X-ray scattering Nuclear magnetic resonance Infrared spectroscopy
14 2. Miscibility of polymer/polymer blends Miscibility in p/p blends can normally only be achieved when the heat of mixing is negative, which accomplished by specific interactions between different molecules. The most common type of specific interaction is the hydrogen bond. Another group of miscible blends involves polymers of great similarity without the potential of specific interaction.
Thermodynamic of polymer blends Assoc.Prof.Dr. Jatyuphorn Wootthikanokkhan
Thermodynamic of polymer blends Assoc.Prof.Dr. Jatyuphorn Wootthikanokkhan Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, KMUTT, Thailand Classification of polymer blends
More informationChap. 2. Polymers Introduction. - Polymers: synthetic materials <--> natural materials
Chap. 2. Polymers 2.1. Introduction - Polymers: synthetic materials natural materials no gas phase, not simple liquid (much more viscous), not perfectly crystalline, etc 2.3. Polymer Chain Conformation
More informationPhysical Chemistry of Polymers (4)
Physical Chemistry of Polymers (4) Dr. Z. Maghsoud CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS, PHASE SEPARATION BEHAVIOR, AND DIFFUSION A wide range of modern research as well as a variety of engineering applications exist
More information5.4 Liquid Mixtures. G i. + n B. = n A. )+ n B. + RT ln x A. + RT ln x B. G = nrt ( x A. ln x A. Δ mix. + x B S = nr( x A
5.4 Liquid Mixtures Key points 1. The Gibbs energy of mixing of two liquids to form an ideal solution is calculated in the same way as for two perfect gases 2. A regular solution is one in which the entropy
More informationSem /2007. Fisika Polimer Ariadne L. Juwono
Chapter 8. Measurement of molecular weight and size 8.. End-group analysis 8.. Colligative property measurement 8.3. Osmometry 8.4. Gel-permeation chromatography 8.5. Ultracentrifugation 8.6. Light-scattering
More informationPAPER No.6: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II (Statistical
Subject PHYSICAL Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 6, PHYSICAL -II (Statistical 34, Method for determining molar mass - I CHE_P6_M34 Table of Contents 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction
More informationSchool of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Konkuk University
School of Chemical & iological Engineering, Konkuk University Lecture 7 Ch. 5 Simple Mixtures Colligative properties Prof. Yo-Sep Min Physical Chemistry I, Spring 2009 Ch. 5-2 he presence of a solute in
More informationQuiz 8 Introduction to Polymers
100603 Quiz 8 Introduction to Polymers 1) a) Why is there no real termination for ionic polymerizations (i.e. no coupling or disproportionation)? b) Briefly outline how you would produce Kraton Rubber
More informationPhysical Properties of Solutions
Physical Properties of Solutions Physical Properties of Solutions Types of Solutions (13.1) A Molecular View of the Solution Process (13.2) Concentration Units (13.3) Effect of Temperature on Solubility
More informationChain Connectivity and Conformational Variability of Polymers: Clues to an Adequate Thermodynamic Description of their Solutions
Chain Connectivity and Conformational Variability of Polymers: Clues to an Adequate Thermodynamic Description of their Solutions III: Modeling of Phase Diagrams Sergej Stryuk and Bernhard A. Wolf* Institut
More informationSimple Mixtures. Chapter 7 of Atkins: Section
Simple Mixtures Chapter 7 of Atkins: Section 7.5-7.8 Colligative Properties Boiling point elevation Freezing point depression Solubility Osmotic Pressure Activities Solvent Activity Solute Activity Regular
More informationLiquids and Solutions
Liquids and Solutions Introduction This course examines the properties of liquids and solutions at both the thermodynamic and the molecular level. The main topics are: Liquids, Ideal and Regular Solutions,
More informationChemistry C : Polymers Section. Dr. Edie Sevick, Research School of Chemistry, ANU. 5.0 Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions
Chemistry C3102-2006: Polymers Section Dr. Edie Sevick, Research School of Chemistry, AU 5.0 Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions In this section, we investigate the solubility of polymers in small molecule
More information9.1 Mixtures and Solutions
9.1 Mixtures and Solutions Heterogeneous mixture: : A nonuniform mixture that has regions of different composition. Homogeneous mixture: : A uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout. Solution:
More informationLecture 6. NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTONS
Lecture 6. NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTONS NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS single phase homogeneous mixture of two or more components NONELECTROLYTES do not contain ionic species. CONCENTRATION UNITS percent
More informationPolymer Blends A Comprehensive Review
Lloyd M. Robeson Polymer Blends A Comprehensive Review ISBN-0: 3-446-569- ISBN-3: 978-3-446-569-5 Leseprobe Weitere Informationen oder Bestellungen unter http://www.hanser.de/978-3-446-569-5 sowie im Buchhandel
More informationOverview. Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution. Concentration terms. Colligative properties. Osmotic Pressure 2 / 46
1 / 46 2 / 46 Overview Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution Concentration terms Colligative properties Osmotic Pressure 3 / 46 Solutions and Colloids A solution is a homogeneous mixture
More informationLiquids and Solutions Crib Sheet
Liquids and Solutions Crib Sheet Determining the melting point of a substance from its solubility Consider a saturated solution of B in a solvent, A. Since the solution is saturated, pure solid B is in
More informationThinking Like a Chemist About Solution Properties UNIT 5 DAY 4
UNIT5-DAY4-LaB1230 Page 1 UNIT5-DAY4-LaB1230 Wednesday, January 23, 2013 5:43 PM Thinking Like a Chemist About Solution Properties UNIT 5 DAY 4 What are we going to learn today? Thinking Like a Chemist
More informationUniversity of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 452/456 Summer Quarter 2014
Lecture 9 8//4 University of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 45/456 Summer Quarter 04. Solutions that re Very, Very on-ideal In the prior lectures on non-ideal solution behavior, we have considered
More informationWarm UP. between carbonate and lithium. following elements have? 3) Name these compounds: 1) Write the neutral compound that forms
Warm UP 1) Write the neutral compound that forms between carbonate and lithium 2) How many valence electrons do the following elements have? a) Chlorine b) Neon c) Potassium 3) Name these compounds: a)
More informationPHASE TRANSITIONS IN SOFT MATTER SYSTEMS
OUTLINE: Topic D. PHASE TRANSITIONS IN SOFT MATTER SYSTEMS Definition of a phase Classification of phase transitions Thermodynamics of mixing (gases, polymers, etc.) Mean-field approaches in the spirit
More informationPOLYMERS: CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF MODERN MATERIALS
POLYMERS: CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF MODERN MATERIALS THIRD EDITION J.M.G. COWIE Heriot-Watt University Scotland,UK VALERIA ARRIGHI Heriot-Watt University Scotland,UK Contents Preface The Authors xv xvii
More informationProperties of Solutions. Chapter 13
Properties of Solutions Chapter 13 Sodium acetate crystals rapidly form when a seed crystal is added to a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate. Saturated solution: contains the maximum amount of a
More informationENAS 606 : Polymer Physics
ENAS 606 : Polymer Physics Professor Description Course Topics TA Prerequisite Class Office Hours Chinedum Osuji 302 Mason Lab, 432-4357, chinedum.osuji@yale.edu This course covers the static and dynamic
More information- Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar)
68 HOW THINGS DISSOLVE - Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar)... what happens? - Water molecules pull the sugar molecules out of
More informationLecture. Polymer Thermodynamics 0331 L Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions
1 Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. S. Enders Faculty III for Process Science Institute of Chemical Engineering Department of Thermodynamics Lecture Polymer Thermodynamics 0331 L 337 6.1. Introduction x n = x
More informationPhysical Chemistry Chapter 4 The Properties of Mixtures
Physical Chemistry Chapter 4 The Properties of Mixtures by Izirwan Bin Izhab FKKSA izirwan@ump.edu.my Chapter Description Aims Determine the fugacity and fugacity coefficients for pure species using generic
More informationPolymer solutions and melts
Course M6 Lecture 9//004 (JAE) Course M6 Lecture 9//004 Polymer solutions and melts Scattering methods Effects of excluded volume and solvents Dr James Elliott Online teaching material reminder Overheads
More informationCH.8 Polymers: Solutions, Blends, Membranes, and Gels
CH.8 Polymers: Solutions, Blends, embranes, and Gels 8. Properties of Polymers Polymers are chain-like molecules. Linear polymer Branched polymer Cross-linked polymer Polymers show little tendency to crystallize.
More informationconcentration of solute (molality) Freezing point depression constant (for SOLVENT)
74 FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION concentration of solute (molality) Freezing point depression constant (for SOLVENT) Freezing point depression: The amount the freezing temperature is LOWERED by the solute.
More informationChapter 12: Solutions. Mrs. Brayfield
Chapter 12: Solutions Mrs. Brayfield 12.1: Solutions Solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent the majority component Solute the minority component What is the solute and solvent
More informationChapter 13 Properties of Solutions
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006,
More informationChapter 5. Simple Mixtures Fall Semester Physical Chemistry 1 (CHM2201)
Chapter 5. Simple Mixtures 2011 Fall Semester Physical Chemistry 1 (CHM2201) Contents The thermodynamic description of mixtures 5.1 Partial molar quantities 5.2 The thermodynamic of Mixing 5.3 The chemical
More informationChapter 13. Properties of Solutions. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO
Lecture Presentation Chapter 13 Properties of John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed
More informationColligative Properties
Colligative Properties Vapor pressures have been defined as the pressure over a liquid in dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and gas phase in a closed system. The vapor pressure of a solution is different
More information- Applications: In chemistry, this effect is often used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown molecule.
73 FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION concentration of solute (molality) Freezing point depression constant (for SOLVENT) Freezing point depression: The amount the freezing temperature is LOWERED by the solute.
More informationFind molality: mass percent. molality Assume a basis of 100g solution, then find moles ammonium chloride: Find mass water: So molality is:
66 An aqueous solution is 8.50% ammonium chloride by mass. The density of the solution is 1.024 g/ml Find: molality, mole fraction, molarity. Find molality: mass percent molality Assume a basis of 100g
More informationChapter 13. Characteristics of a Solution. Example of A Homogenous Mixtures. Solutions
Chapter 13 Solutions Characteristics of a Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solution is composed of a: Solute: the substance in lesser amount Solvent: the substance in greater amount Two liquid
More informationColligative properties CH102 General Chemistry, Spring 2011, Boston University
Colligative properties CH12 General Chemistry, Spring 211, Boston University here are four colligative properties. vapor-pressure lowering boiling-point elevation freezing-point depression osmotic pressure
More informationExam 3 Concepts! CH110 FA10 SAS 33
Exam 3 Concepts! CH110 FA10 SAS 33 Properties of Gases What sorts of elements and compounds tend to be found as gasses at room temperature? What are the physical properties of gases? What is pressure?
More informationChemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of Dr. Ayman Nafady John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,
More informationPolymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle)
EQ, Q, DEQuim, DQuim nd semester 017/018, IST-UL Science and Technology of Polymers ( nd cycle) Polymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle) Lecture 5 Viscosity easurements of the viscosity
More informationLattice Theories for Polymer/Small-Molecule Mixtures and the Conformational Entropy Description of the Glass Transition Temperature
Lattice Theories for Polymer/Small-Molecule Mixtures and the Conformational Entropy Description of the Glass Transition Temperature Membrane osmometry and the osmotic pressure expansion. A porous membrane
More informationGeneral Physical Chemistry I
General Physical Chemistry I Lecture 14 Aleksey Kocherzhenko April 9, 2015" Last time " Chemical potential " Partial molar property the contribution per mole that a substance makes to an overall property
More informationAn aqueous solution is 8.50% ammonium chloride by mass. The density of the solution is g/ml Find: molality, mole fraction, molarity.
66 An aqueous solution is 8.50% ammonium chloride by mass. The density of the solution is 1.024 g/ml Find: molality, mole fraction, molarity. Find molality: mass percent molality Assuming 100 g solution,
More informationProperties of Solutions. Review
Properties of Solutions Review Matter Pure substance Mixture of substances compound element homogeneous heterogeneous Solution Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
More informationFreezing point depression - The freezing temperature of a SOLUTION gets lower as the CONCENTRATION of a solution increases.
73 COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES - properties unique to solutions. - depend only on the CONCENTRATION of a solution and not the IDENTITY of the solute** **ionic solutes: Remember that they dissociate into MULTIPLE
More informationImportant practical questions:
Colloidal stability Important practical questions: - Does dispersion change when T, P or... is changed? - If T, P or... is changed and the dispersion phase separates, what are then the final products?
More informationPhysical Properties of Solutions
Physical Properties of Solutions Chapter 12 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 12.1- Types of solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or
More information2.1 Traditional and modern applications of polymers. Soft and light materials good heat and electrical insulators
. Polymers.1. Traditional and modern applications.. From chemistry to statistical description.3. Polymer solutions and polymer blends.4. Amorphous polymers.5. The glass transition.6. Crystalline polymers.7.
More informationMolecular Driving Forces
Molecular Driving Forces Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry and Biology SUBGfittingen 7 At 216 513 073 / / Ken A. Dill Sarina Bromberg With the assistance of Dirk Stigter on the Electrostatics chapters
More informationThe lattice model of polymer solutions
The lattice model of polymer solutions Marc R. Roussel Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge February 25, 2009 1 The lattice model of polymer solutions In the last note, we
More informationChapter 13 Properties of Solutions
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 Properties of John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chapter
More informationMixtures and Solutions
Mixtures and Solutions Section 14.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures In your textbook, read about suspensions and colloids. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. A solution is a mixture
More information- Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar)
68 HOW THINGS DISSOLVE - Let's look at how things dissolve into water, since aqueous solutions are quite common. sucrose (table sugar)... what happens? - Water molecules pull the sugar molecules out of
More informationProperties of Solutions
Properties of Solutions The Solution Process A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. Solutions may be gases, liquids, or solids. Each substance present is a component of the solution.
More informationSubject : Chemistry Class : XII Chapter-2.Solutions Work Sheet ( WS 2. 1) Topic- 2.1 Henry s & Raoult s Laws
Work Sheet ( WS 2. 1) Topic- 2.1 Henry s & Raoult s Laws Name -. Class/ sec.. Roll No.. A. Fill in the blanks: 1. Solutions are mixtures of two or more than two components. 2. Generally, the component
More information70 Example: If a solution is m citric acid, what is the molar concentration (M) of the solution? The density of the solution is 1.
70 Example: If a solution is 0.688 m citric acid, what is the molar concentration (M) of the solution? The density of the solution is 1.049 g/ml molality definition molarity definition To solve the problem,
More informationChapter 9 Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures
Chapter 9 Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures Vocabulary -Substance -Heterogeneous mixture -Mixture -Homogeneous mixture -Solution Matter: Substances and Mixtures How do compounds and mixtures differ? Because
More informationMECH 6661 lecture 9/1 Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University
Thermodynamic Models Multicomponent Systems Outline Thermodynamic Models Regular Solution Models Sublattice Model Associated Solutions Cluster Variation Model Quasichemical Model Cluster Expansion Model
More informationSolutions. Solution Formation - Types of Solutions - Solubility and the Solution Process - Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
Solutions Solutions Solution Formation - Types of Solutions - Solubility and the Solution Process - Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility Colligative Properties - Ways of Expressing Concentration
More informationChemistry 6 12 Section 03
Chemistry 6 12 Section 03 1 Knowledge of the nature of matter 1. Differentiate between pure substances, homogeneous mixtures, and heterogeneous mixtures. 2. Determine the effects of changes in temperature,
More informationClassroom: 318 Subject: AP Chemistry Quarter 2 Teacher: van Balveren, Suzanne
Livingston American School Quarterly Lesson Plan Concept / Topic To Teach: Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Bonding: General concepts Covalent Bonding: Orbitals Properties of solutions Properties of solutions
More informationPhase Separation in Ternary Systems Induced by Crosslinking*
Phase Separation in Ternary Systems Induced by Crosslinking* К. DUŠEK Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 Received September 23, 1970 Crosslinking of polymer
More informationPhase Diagrams: Conditions for Equilibrium (CfE)
Phase Equilibrium: Conditions for Equilibrium (CfE) Phase Diagrams: Conditions for Equilibrium (CfE) Write down the conditions for equilibrium for: a pure single phase system, a pure multi-phase system,
More informationFor more info visit
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two (or more) substances, the composition of which may vary between certain limits. A solution consisting of two components is called binary solution. The component
More informationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS Do all the exercises in your study guide. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent. A solvent is a substance that
More informationCHEMISTRY Ch. 14 Notes: Mixtures and Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
CHEMISTRY Ch. 14 Notes: Mixtures and Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 14.1 notes I. Types of mixtures (mixture a physical blend of substances)
More informationsolubility solubilities that increase with increasing temperature
Solubility The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution is the solubility of the solute About 95% of all ionic compounds have aqueous solubilities that increase with increasing temperature Temperature
More informationParticle Theory. Matter is anything that has volume and mass.
Material World Particle Theory Matter is anything that has volume and mass. The particle model is a scientific model based on the idea that matter is made up of small particles. Matter is also organized
More informationSolutions and Their Properties
Chapter 11 Solutions and Their Properties Solutions: Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture. A solution is composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent. When two compounds make a solution, the
More informationCH1020 Exam #1 Study Guide
CH1020 Exam #1 Study Guide For reference see Chemistry: An Atoms-focused Approach by Gilbert, Kirss, and Foster Chapter 12: Thermodynamics Definitions & Concepts to know: Thermodynamics: the study of the
More informationChapter 11 Properties of Solutions
Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions Solutions Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances Composition is uniform throughout the sample No chemical reaction between the components of the mixture Solvents
More informationChapter 7 Solutions and Colloids
Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 7.1 Physical States of Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in which the components are present as atoms, molecules, or ions. Properties
More informationChapter 7 Solutions and Colloids
Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 7.1 Physical States of Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in which the components are present as atoms, molecules, or ions. Properties
More informationProperties of Solutions. Overview of factors affecting solubility Ways of expressing concentration Physical properties of solutions
Properties of Solutions Overview of factors affecting solubility Ways of expressing concentration Physical properties of solutions Learning objectives Define terms solute, solvent and solution Distinguish
More informationBig Idea Three Topics
Big Idea Three Topics 1. Molecular, Ionic, Net Ionic Equations 2. Stoichiometry 3. Synthesis, Decomposition Reactions 6. Chemical Change Evidence 7. Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions 8. Electrochemistry
More informationPolymer Blends: State of the Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities
1 1 Polymer Blends: State of the Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Sabu Thomas, and Yves Grohens 1.1 Introduction A polymer blend is a mixture of two or more polymers
More informationPAPER No. 6: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II (Statistical
Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 6, PHYSICAL -II (Statistical 32, Concept of Number average and Mass average molecular weights CHE_P6_M32 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning
More informationCOLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES Depend on the number of solute particles in solution but not on the identity of the solute Vapor pressure lowering Boiling point elevation Freezing point depression Osmotic pressure
More information11/4/2017. General Chemistry CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy. Chapter 4 Physical Properties of Solutions
General Chemistry CHEM 11 (3+1+) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy Chapter 4 Physical Properties of Solutions 1 Types of Solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances.
More informationPC-1(A): PHASE EQULIBRIUM: SYNOPSIS
PC-1(A):Phase equilibrium-synopsis; Dr. A. DAYALAN, Professor of Chemistry 1 PC-1(A): PHASE EQULIBRIUM: SYNOPSIS 1 PHASE (P)-Physically distinct and mechanically separable 2 COMPONENTS (C) Number of chemically
More informationVAPOR PRESSURE LOWERING - Described by RAOULT'S LAW
73 VAPOR PRESSURE LOWERING - Described by RAOULT'S LAW partial pressure of the VAPOR of solvent molecules. mole fraction of component A vapor pressure of pure component A (depends on temperature) partial
More information75 A solution of 2.500g of unknown dissolved in g of benzene has a freezing point of C. What is the molecular weight of the unknown?
75 A solution of 2.500g of unknown dissolved in 100.0 g of benzene has a freezing point of 4.880 C. What is the molecular weight of the unknown? Solving for Cm (molality) will allow us to calculate how
More informationChapter 9. Solutions
Chapter 9 Solutions Water Properties Polar O more electronegative, partial negative charge H less electronegative, partial positive charge Bent structure, 2 lone pairs on oxygen Participates in HYDROGEN
More informationCHEMISTRY 102 FALL 2010 EXAM 1 FORM D SECTION 502 DR. KEENEY-KENNICUTT PART 1
NAME CHEMISTRY 102 FALL 2010 EXAM 1 FORM D SECTION 502 DR. KEENEY-KENNICUTT Directions: (1) Put your name on PART 1 and your name and signature on PART 2 of the exam where indicated. (2) Sign the Aggie
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 12. Solutions. Sherril Soman, Grand Valley State University Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 12 Solutions Sherril Soman, Grand Valley State University Thirsty Seawater Drinking seawater can cause dehydration. Seawater Is a homogeneous mixture of salts with water Contains
More informationHANDBOOK OF POLYMER SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS
HANDBOOK OF POLYMER SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS Ronald P. Danner Martin S. High Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 Design Institute for Physical
More informationLECTURE 6 NON ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION
LECTURE 6 NON ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION Ch 45.5 pplied Phy Chem First Sem 2014-15 Ch 45.5 Exam II September 1/3 (Multiple Choice/Problem Solving) Coverage: Second/Third Laws of Thermodynamics Nonelectrolyte
More informationLiquid in liquid: ethanol in water. Solid in liquid: any salt in water. Solid in solid: brass, bronze, and all alloys
1 of 6 I. The solution process Solutions, colloids, and suspensions Solution: homogeneous mixture, equally dispersed at the molecular level, uniform throughout in its physical and chemical properties Colloid:
More informationCHEMISTRY 102 FALL 2010 EXAM 1 FORM C SECTION 502 DR. KEENEY-KENNICUTT PART 1
NAME CHEMISTRY 102 FALL 2010 EXAM 1 FORM C SECTION 502 DR. KEENEY-KENNICUTT Directions: (1) Put your name on PART 1 and your name and signature on PART 2 of the exam where indicated. (2) Sign the Aggie
More informationIdeal Gas Laws Empirical Gas Laws The Mole Equations of State Dalton's Law The Mole Fraction Extensive and Intensive Variables Graham's Law of
Ideal Gas Laws Empirical Gas Laws The Mole Equations of State Dalton's Law The Mole Fraction Extensive and Intensive Variables Graham's Law of Effusion The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution A Digression on
More informationKEMS448 Physical Chemistry Advanced Laboratory Work. Freezing Point Depression
KEMS448 Physical Chemistry Advanced Laboratory Work Freezing Point Depression 1 Introduction Colligative properties are properties of liquids that depend only on the amount of dissolved matter (concentration),
More informationFinal Exam Introduction to Polymers (each part, a,b,c,, is worth 2.2 points)
168 Final Exam Introduction to Polymers (each part, a,b,c,, is worth 2.2 points) 1) Polymers are different than low-molecular weight oligomers. For example an oligomeric polyethylene is wax, oligomeric
More informationChapter 3. Molecular Weight. 1. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solution 2. Mol Wt Determination
Chapter 3 Molecular Weight 1. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solution 2. Mol Wt Determination 1. Weight, shape, and size of polymers monomer oligomer polymer dimer, trimer, --- telomer ~ oligomer from telomerization
More informationChapter 11. General Chemistry. Chapter 11/1
Chapter 11 Solutions and Their Properties Professor Sam Sawan General Chemistry 84.122 Chapter 11/1 Solutions Solution: A homogeneous mixture. Solvent: The major component. Solute: A minor component. Copyright
More informationChapter 17: Phenomena
Chapter 17: Phenomena Phenomena: Different masses of solute were added to 1 kg of either H 2 O or C 6 H 6. The boiling and freezing points of the solutions were then measured. Examine the data to determine
More information1. Balance the following chemical equations: a. C 8 H 18 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2 O. b. B 5 H 9 + O 2 à B 2 O 3 + H 2 O. c. S 8 + Cl 2 à S 2 Cl 2
EXAM 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS NOTE- THIS IS ONLY A SELECTION OF POSSIBLE TYPES OF QUESTIONS: REFER TO THE EXAM 2 REVIEW GUIDELINES FOR THE LIST OF LEARNING TARGETS. There will likely be other questions on
More informationSoln Notes February 17, 2017
Chapter 15 Solutions You are responsible for reading/notes on Section 15.4 Heterogeneous Mixtures p.476-479 What is a SOLUTION? SOLUTE vs SOLVENT Characteristics of Solutions: Soluble/ Insoluble Solvation
More information