|
|
|
- Alberta Atkinson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter No. 2 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN CHEMISTRY SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS Q.1 Define analytical chemistry? The branch of chemistry which deals with the qualitative and quantitative analyses of sample is called analytical chemistry. Q.2 Define analysis and analyte? analysis. Analyte: Analysis: The determination of the composition of a sample is called The sample being analyzed is called analyte. Q.3 Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative analysis. What is analytical data? Qualitative analysis: The analysis which deals with the detection or identification of the elements present in a compound is called qualitative analysis. It includes salt analysis and detection of functional groups. Quantitative analysis: The analysis in which the relative amounts of constituents are estimated is called quantitative analysis. For example combustion analysis. Analytical data: The results obtained by qualitative and quantitative analysis are called analytical data. Q.4 Name the experimental techniques for purification of substances? 1
2 (1) Filtration. (2) Crystalization. (3) Sublimation. (4) Solvent Extraction. (5) Chromatography. Q.5 Define filtration? The process in which the insoluble particles are separated from the liquid by passing through several types of filter media is called filtration. Q.6 Define the following. (i) Filter (ii) Filtrate (iii) Residue (iv) Filter Medium. Filter: Any water insoluble porous material having measurable degree of rigidity is called filtrate. Filtrate: The liquid which after passing the mixture through filter medium is collected is called filtrate. Residue: The solid left behind on the filter medium during filtration is called residue. Filter medium: The porous material used for filtration is called filter medium. It may be filter paper, cotton, woven wire, cloth etc. Q.7 Give reasons that the funnel in filtration should be several inches long? The stem of the funnel should be several inches long so that it can extend a few centimeters down into the receiving beaker and tip should touch the side of beaker in order to avoid splashing. 2
3 Q.8 Discus the points should be kept in mind during the folding of the filter paper? 1. Filter paper should be folded twice. The first fold should be along the diameter, and the second fold should be such that edges do not quite match. 2. Folded filter paper should be open slightly on the larger section. This provides a cone with three fold thickness half way and one thickness the other half way round. 3. The apex angle is greater than 60o. 4. The paper may be inserted in to 60 degree funnel moistened with water and firmly pressed down. Q.9 Rate of filtration through funnel can be increased by using a fluted filter paper why? A fluted filter paper is prepared by folding ordinary filter paper in such a way that fan like arrangement with alternate elevation and depression at various folds is formed. Q.10 Differentiate b/w Gooch crucible and sintered glass crucible. (i) The filtering process can be done of the Gooch crucible is placed in suction filtering apparatus. But in filtration by sintered glass crucible no preparation is needed. (ii) The reagents which react with paper e.g. HCl, KMnO4 etc. Cannot be filtered through Gooch crucible. But reactive solution like HCl, KMnO4 can be filtered with out any alteration in the sintered crucible. (iii) Gooch Crucible for filtration of such types of precipitates which need to be heated at high temperature. But in sintered crucible while collecting the residue there is no contamination of filter paper. 3
4 Q.11 Define crystallization. The removal of a solid from solution by increasing its concentration above the saturation point in such a way that the excess solid separates out in the form of crystals is called crystallization. Q.12 What is the principle of crystallization? The basic principle of crystallization is the fact that solute should be soluble in a suitable solvent at high temperature and the excess amount of the solute is thrown out as crystals when it is cooled. Q.13 What is the objective of crystallization? The preparation of chemical compound usually has a crude product and there is a need to purify it by crystallization from a suitable solvent Q.14 Name the solvents commonly used for crystallization. The solvents which are mostly used for crystallization are, water, rectified spirit, (95% ethanol), absolute ethanol, diethylether acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid and petroleum ether. If none of the above solvents is found suitable for crystallization, a combination of two or more miscible solvents may be employed. Q.15 Describe the preparation of saturated solution? After selecting a suitable solvent the substance is then dissolved in a minimum amount of solvent and is heated directly or on a water bath with constant stirring. Add more solvent to the boiling solution, if necessary until all the solute has dissolved. 4
5 Q.16 What are the safe and reliable methods for drying the crystals? 1. Drying through vacuum desiccator A safe and reliable method of drying crystals is through a vacuum desiccator. In this process the crystals are spread over water glass and kept in a vacuum desiccator for several hours. In the desiccator CaCl2, silica gel or P2O5 are used as drying agents 2. Drying in an oven The crystals are dried in an oven provided the substance does not melt or decompose on heating at 1000c. Q.17 How the undesirable colours are removed in crystals? Sometimes during the preparation of crude substance, the colouring matter or resinous products affect the appearance of product and it may appear coloured. Such impurities are conveniently removed by boiling the substance in a solvent with the sufficient quantity of finely powdered animal charcoal and the pure decolourized substance crystallizes out from the filtrate on cooling. Q.18 Define mother liquor? How the crystals can be obtained from mother liquor? The remaining solution after the formation of crystals is called mother liquor. 1. The mixture of crystals and mother liquor is filtered through a Gooch crucible connected with a vacuum pump. 2. After full suction to drain the mother liquor as effectively as possible. When the filter is rigid enough it is pressed carefully but by firmly by means of a cork in order to drain the left over liquid. 3. The crystals are then washed will small portion of cold solvent repeating this process many times. 5
6 4. The crude mother liquor is concentrated by evaporation and it get good crops of crystals. Q.19 Define sublimation. When substance is heated it goes directly in to vapours without passing through the liquid state and vapours thus formed are condensed back it form the solid on cooling once again with out passing though liquid state is called sublimation. Examples of such solids are iodine, ammonium chloride, naphthalene, benzoic acid and camphor. Q.20 What is sublimand? The compound which is sublimed is called sublimand.e.g In the mixture of benzoic acid in sand, benzoic acid is sublimand. Q.21 What is the main function and limitation of sublimation? By this process of sublimation certain substance can be purified. It is only suitable for those substances which have high V.P than their melting point. Q.23 What is solvent extraction? When it is applicable? It is a technique, in which a solute can be separated from a solution by shaking the solution with a solvent in which the solute is more soluble and added solvent does not mix with the solution. The technique of solvent extraction is mostly applied to separate organic compounds from water. Q.24 What is the most common solvent in solvent extraction method? Why we choose ether in solvent extraction? The common solvent is ether in the solvent extraction we choose ether in the solvent extraction because ether layer is separated and organic product is obtained by evaporating ether repeated 6
7 extractions using small portions of solvent ether are more efficient than using single but larger volume of solvent. Q.25 State distribution law or partition law? Distribution law: This law states that a solute distribute itself between two immiscible liquids in a constant ratio irrespective of the amount of solute added. The ration of the amounts of solute dissolved in two immiscible liquids at equilibrium is called distribution coefficient. Distribution coefficient KD = Q.26 Discuss the importance of solvent extraction method. Separation can be carried out on macro as well as micro level. 2. There is no need of any instrumentation except separating funnel. 3. It can be used for preparation, purification and analysis on all scales of working. Q.27 Define chromatography? What is the principle of chromatography? Chromatography is a technique used for separating the components of a mixture. These components are separated due to the relative affinity for stationary phase and mobile phase. Q.28 Define and explain, stationary phase and mobile phase. Stationary phase: The phase over which mobile phase flows in chromatography is called stationary phase. The stationary phase may be a solid or liquid supported on a solid. It adsorbs the mixture under separation. Examples of stationary phase are silica gel, alumina and filter paper etc. 7
8 Mobile phase: The solvent or mixture of solvents for this separation of components is called mobile phase. The mobile phase may be liquid or gas and while passing one the stationary phase, competes with it for the constituents of mixture. Examples of mobile phase are, water, ethanol, ethanoic acid and propanone (acetone) etc. Q.29 What is the principle of chromatography? The principle involved in the chromatography depends upon the relative solubilities of the components, between the two phases. The distribution of the components mixture between the two phases is governed by the distribution coefficient KD, which is ratio of component in mobile phase to the concentration of component in stationary phase. KD = Q.30 What is the importance of distribution coefficient? (i) The component of a mixture with a small value of KD mostly remains in the stationary phase as moving phase flows over it. The component with a greater value of KD remains largely dissolved in the mobile phase and passes over the stationary phase quickly. Q.31 Differentiate between adsorption chromatography and partition chromatography? Adsorption chromatography: Type of Chromatography in which the stationary phase is solid, is called adsorption chromatography. Example of this chromatography is Thin layer chromatography. Q.32 What is partition chromatography? 8
9 Partition chromatography: Type of Chromatography in which the stationary phase is liquid is called partition chromatography. Example of this chromatography is paper chromatography. Q.33 Define and explain paper chromatography? It is a technique of partition chromatography in which the stationary phase is water adsorbed on a paper. The mobile phase is usually an organic liquid. In paper chromatography the adsorbed water behaves as an immiscible liquid towards the mobile phase, which passes over the paper. Q.34 Name the different ways of paper chromatography. There are three ways of carrying out paper chromatography. (i) Ascending chromatography (ii) Descending chromatography (iii) Radial/Circular chromatography. Q.35 What do you mean by Rf value? Each component has specific retardation factor called Rf value. Rf value is related to distribution coefficient and is given by Rf = Q.37 What is chromatogram? Finished or Devolped paper obtained after Chromatography is called Chromatogram: Q.38 Name the types of chromatography on the basis of phase. There are four types of chromatography. (i) Liquid liquid chromatography (ii) Liquid solid chromatography (iii) Gas liquid chromatography (iv) Gas solid chromatography 9
10 Q.39 Give uses of chromatography. The techniques of chromatography is very useful in organic synthesis for separation, isolation, and purification of the products. Mostly used for the separation of amino acids. Q.40 Why is there a need to crystallize the crude products? When a chemical compound is synthesised, it is crude product. Therefore, there is need to purify the compound. This is done by crystallizing the compound. Q.41 A water soluble organic compound aspirin is prepared by the reaction of salicylic acid with a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. How will you separate the product from the reaction mixture? During the preparation of aspirin, it is obtained as only liquid which can be separated by solvent extraction technique using a non polar solvent like CCl4 and mixture is transferred to separating funnel where only layer is separated. Q.42 A solid compound is soluble in water as well as in chloroform. During its preparation it remains in aqueous layer. Describe a method to obtain it from the layer. The compound can be extracted by solvent extraction technique. As it is mentioned that compound is soluble in polar solvents (water, chloroform). If a non polar solvent is mixed and the mixture is transferred to a separating funnel, where two layers are formed. By separating water layer and evaporating it, organic compound is obtained. Q.43 why repeated extractions using small portions of solvent are more efficient than using a single but larger volume of solvent? It has been observed that repeated extractions using small portions of solvent are more efficient than using a single but larger 10
11 volume of solvent. Because more product is extracted with more extractions using small portions of solvent. Q.44 Write down the main characteristics of a solvent selected for the crystallization of compound. A solvent should have the following characteristics 1. It should dissolve a large amount of solute in its boiling part. 2. It should have not reaction with the solute. 3. It should neither dissolve the impurities, nor crystallize them with the solute. 4. It should be perfectly safe to use. 5. It should be easily removable. 6. It should be inexpensive. 11
Experimental techniques
Experimental techniques 2.1 Measurement Apparatus used in the lab: Name Use Picture Beaker Used to hold liquids Burette Used to add accurate volumes of liquid Conical Flask Used to hold liquids Crystallizing
IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry
IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Element, Compounds and Mixtures NOTES 1.8: Understand how to classify a substance as an element, compound or mixture Classifications: S Class Element
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES If a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, we say that it is insoluble. For example, sand does not dissolve in water it is insoluble. Filtration is a method for separating an
Edexcel GCSE Chemistry. Topic 2: States of matter and mixtures. Methods of separating and purifying substances. Notes.
Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Topic 2: States of matter and mixtures Methods of separating and purifying substances Notes 2.5 Explain the difference between the use of pure in chemistry compared with its everyday
5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY
5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY SUB-TOPIC 1.2 METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS LEARNING
General Chemistry I CHEM-1030 Laboratory Experiment No. 2 Physical Separation Techniques
General Chemistry I CHEM-1030 Laboratory Experiment No. 2 Physical Separation Techniques Introduction When two or more substances that do not react chemically are blended together, the components of the
IGCSE(A*-G) Edexcel - Chemistry
IGCSE(A*-G) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Atoms NOTES 1.8 Describe and explain experiments to investigate the small size of particles and their movement including: Dilution of coloured solutions
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS: MELTING POINTS, BOILING POINTS, DENSITY
CRYSTALLIZATION: PURIFICATION OF SOLIDS ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS: 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) A plot similar to line A in Figure 5.1 on page 559 will be obtained. The line will be slightly curved. All of the substance
States of matter. Particles in a gas are widely spread out and can both vibrate and move around freely. They have the most energy of the three states.
States of matter Particles in a solid are closely packed and can vibrate but cannot move around, they have low energies. Particles in a liquid are still closely packed, but can both vibrate and move around
Methods of Separation. Vacuum Filtration. Distillation. The Physical Separation of Matter Chemistry 11 2/17/2014
The Physical Separation of Matter Chemistry 11 Methods of Separation n Depending upon the physical properties of the substances involved, various methods of separation can be used. n Hand separation: A
Methods of purification
Methods of purification Question Paper 1 Level IGSE Subject hemistry (0620/0971) Exam oard ambridge International Examinations (IE) Topic Experimental techniques Sub-Topic Methods of purification ooklet
EXPERIMENT #1 SEPARATION AND RECOVERY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY, COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY, CRYSTALLIZATION AND MELTING POINTS
EXPERIMENT #1 SEPARATION AND RECOVERY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY, COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY, CRYSTALLIZATION AND MELTING POINTS Overview In the first few weeks of this semester you will
6. Extraction. A. Background. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Mixing of Solvents
6. Extraction A. Background Extraction is a frequently used technique to selectively transfer a compound of interested from one solvent to another. Extraction is based on solubility characteristics of
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
L. R. & S. M. VISSANJI ACADEMY SECONDARY SECTION - 2016-17 CHEMISTRY - GRADE: VIII Elements, Compounds and Mixtures ELEMENTS An element is a pure substance which cannot be converted into anything simpler
EXPERIMENTS. Testing products of combustion: Reducing Copper(III) Oxide to Copper. Page 4
APPARATUS Page 2 APPARATUS Page 3 Reducing Copper(III) Oxide to Copper EXPERIMENTS Page 4 Testing products of combustion: EXPERIMENTS Showing that oxygen and water is needed for rusting iron Page 5 Showing
To understand concept of limiting reagents. To learn how to do a vacuum filtration. To understand the concept of recrystallization.
E x p e r i m e n t Synthesis of Aspirin Experiment : http://genchemlab.wordpress.com/-aspirin/ objectives To synthesize aspirin. To understand concept of limiting reagents. To determine percent yield.
Universal Indicator turns green. Which method is used to obtain pure solid X from an aqueous solution? A. mixture
1 The results of some tests on a colourless liquid X are shown. oiling point = 102 Universal Indicator turns green What is X? ethanol hydrochloric acid pure water sodium chloride (salt) solution 2 blue
Organic techniques. Introduction
Organic techniques Introduction Practical organic chemistry is primarily concerned with synthesising (making) organic compounds and the purpose of a synthesis is to prepare a pure sample of a specified
6. Extraction. A. Background. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Mixing of Solvents
6. Extraction A. Background Extraction is a frequently used technique to selectively transfer a compound of interested from one solvent to another. Extraction is based on solubility characteristics of
not to be republished NCERT THE technique of chromatography is vastly used for the separation, Chromatography UNIT-5 EXPERIMENT 5.
UNIT-5 Chromatography THE technique of chromatography is vastly used for the separation, purification and identification of compounds. According to IUPAC, chromatography is a physical method of separation
Mixtures 1 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Mixtures 1 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Mixtures 2 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Pure and impure substances 3 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016 All materials can be classified as either a pure substance or an impure
Introduction to Work in Laboratory
INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE Introduction to Work in Measuring volumes, filtration, centrifugation, solubility, separation Practical in Medical Biochemistry General Medicine
LABORATORY PRACTICE Non-Instrumental Analysis
LABORATORY PRACTICE Non-Instrumental Analysis Introduction This module will look at analysis that does not include sophisticated instrumentation. It will build on concepts and skills gained from Laboratory
Experiment 1: Extraction and Thin Layer Chromatography
Experiment 1: Extraction and Thin Layer Chromatography Introduction: Chromatography is a useful tool in chemistry and can be very helpful in determining the composition of an unknown sample. In chromatography
Chromatography Extraction and purification of Chlorophyll CHM 220
INTRODUCTION Extraction and purification of naturally occurring molecules is of the most common methods of obtaining organic molecules. Locating and identifying molecules found in flora and fauna can provide
2 (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 NH diethylamine
Experiment: (Part B) Preparation of Lidocaine from α-chloro-2,6-dimethylacetanilide and Diethylamine ITRDUCTI This step of the synthesis involves the reaction of α-chloro-2, 6- dimethylacetanilide, prepared
GRIGNARD REACTION Synthesis of Benzoic Acid
1 GRIGNARD REACTION Synthesis of Benzoic Acid In the 1920 s, the first survey of the acceleration of chemical transformations by ultrasound was published. Since then, many more applications of ultrasound
Year 10 practice questions Chemistry
Year 10 practice questions Chemistry 1 Q1. Substances can be classified as elements, compounds or mixtures. (a) Each of the boxes in the diagram represents either an element, a compound or a mixture. (i)
Chromatography: Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) & Column Chromatography
Chromatography: Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) & Column Chromatography Part 1, p. 184: Separation of spinach pigments by TLC. (4 th Ed. P. 180) Part 2, p. 192: Separation of Fluorene and Fluorenone by
Stationary phase: Non-moving phase that provides support for mixture to move.
Chromatography For S. Y. B. Sc. Sem-IV By: Dr Vipul B. Kataria The technique was invented by Russian botanist Mikhail tswett in 1906. The word Chromatography is derived from latin language and in this
Chemistry Notes Class 11 Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques part 2
1 P a g e Chemistry Notes Class 11 Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques part 2 Organic compounds extracted from a natural source or synthesized in the laboratory requires purification.
Elements, compounds, Mixtures
Elements, compounds, Mixtures Model Answers 1 Level IGCSE(9-1) Subject Chemistry Exam Board Edexcel IGCSE Module Double Award (Paper 1C) Topic Principles of Chemistry Sub-Topic Booklet Elements, Compounds,
Acid Anhydrides CH3 C. ethanoic anhydride.
arboxylic acid derivatives: Acyl hlorides and Acid Anhydrides Acyl hlorides l ethanoyl chloride Acyl chlorides are much more reactive than carboxylic acids Acid Anhydrides ethanoic anhydride. Acid anhydrides
Minneapolis Community and Technical College. Separation of Components of a Mixture
Minneapolis Community and Technical College Chemistry Department Chem1020 Separation of Components of a Mixture Objectives: To separate a mixture into its component pure substances. To calculate the composition
Scientific Observations and Reaction Stoichiometry: The Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Reactivity of Five White Powders
Scientific Observations and Reaction Stoichiometry: The Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Reactivity of Five White Powders Objectives Part 1: To determine the limiting reagent and percent yield of CuCO
EXPERIMENT #4 Separation of a Three-Component Mixture
OBJECTIVES: EXPERIMENT #4 Separation of a Three-Component Mixture Define chemical and physical properties, mixture, solubility, filtration, sublimation, and percent Separate a mixture of sodium chloride
Aspirin Synthesis H 3 PO 4
Aspirin Synthesis Experiment 10 Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the willow
CHAPTER-2 NCERT SOLUTION
CHAPTER-2 NCERT SOLUTION Page no. 15 Question 1: What is meant by a pure substance? Answer 1: A pure substance is the one that consists of a single type of particles, i.e., all constituent particles of
Question 1: What is meant by a pure substance? A pure substance is the one that consists of a single type of particles, i.e., all constituent particles of the substance have the same chemical nature. Pure
AP Chemistry Lab #5- Synthesis and Analysis of Alum (Big Idea 1 & 2)
www.pedersenscience.com AP Chemistry Lab #5- Synthesis and Analysis of Alum (Big Idea 1 & 2) 1.A.1: Molecules are composed of specific combinations of atoms; different molecules are composed of combinations
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA A. M. E. C. E. A
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA A. M. E. C. E. A MAIN EXAMINATION P.O. Box 62157 00200 Nairobi - KENYA Telephone: 891601-6 Fax: 254-20-891084 E-mail:academics@cuea.edu JANUARY APRIL 2014 TRIMESTER
Expt 8: Preparation of Lidocaine, Part 2, from α- Chloro-2,6-dimethylacetanilide and Diethylamine
Expt 8: Preparation of Lidocaine, Part 2, from α- Chloro-2,6-dimethylacetanilide and Diethylamine ITRDUCTI This step of the synthesis involves the reaction of α-chloro-2, 6-dimethylacetanilide, prepared
SYNTHESIS OF AN AZO DYE revisited (1 or 2 credits)
SYNTHESIS OF AN AZO DYE revisited (1 or 2 credits) This lab you can revisit the fist experiment of this quarter and synthesize more azo dyes of your choice. The old procedure is given below followed by
- Separated by chemical reactions or by electricity - Physical and Chemical properties different from elements in the compound. Physical reactions
Chemistry PLONKNOTES 2010 EYAS (: Elements Compounds Mixtures - Pure substance: fixed boiling and melting point If not pure (impurities), melting point decreases and boiling point increases. - Moatomic
Lisa Barton CHEM 2312 Organic Chemistry Performed: 2/4/12. Synthesis of Aspirin
Lisa Barton CHEM 2312 rganic Chemistry Performed: 2/4/12 Synthesis of Aspirin bjective: The goal of this experiment is to synthesize Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) from the reaction of Salicylic acid and
2 nd exam of the 1 st term for 2 nd ESO G. 1. Look at the following picture:
2 nd exam of the 1 st term for 2 nd ESO G Name: 1. Look at the following picture: Date: What is the name of the separation technique that you see? What type of substances you separate with this technique?
PREPARATIVE TASK GRAND PRIX CHIMIQUE PETNICA SCIENCE CENTER, VALJEVO, SERBIA 9 TH -14 TH OCTOBER 2017
GRAND PRIX CHIMIQUE PETNICA SCIENCE CENTER, VALJEVO, SERBIA 9 TH -14 TH OCTOBER 2017 PREPARATIVE TASK Preparation of p-nitroacetanilide Preparation of vanillyl alcohol SUPPORTED BY Serbian Chemical Society
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A CHLORIDE SALT. REFERENCES: Nelson, J., Chemistry: The Central Science, 3 rd edition, Prentice-Hall, 1985
1 GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A CHLORIDE SALT REFERENCES: Nelson, J., Chemistry: The Central Science, 3 rd edition, Prentice-Hall, 1985 Typical techniques used in gravimetric analyses by quantitatively determining
26. The preparation and purification of N-phenylethanamide Student Sheet
26. The preparation and purification of N-phenylethanamide Student Sheet In this experiment you will learn or develop skills in preparative organic chemistry by making and purifying a sample of an aromatic
Review Topic 8: Phases of Matter and Mixtures
Name: Score: 24 / 24 points (100%) Review Topic 8: Phases of Matter and Mixtures Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. C 1. Soda water is a solution
SYNTHESIS OF AN AZO DYE revisited (1 or 2 credits)
SYNTHESIS OF AN AZO DYE revisited (1 or 2 credits) This lab you can revisit the fist experiment of this quarter and synthesize more azo dyes of your choice. The old procedure is given below followed by
Acyl chloride/ acid anhydride
3.14 Synthetic routes poly(alkene) dihalogenoalkane KH aqueous under reflux Nu Sub diol high pressure catalyst Step 1 H 2 S 4 EAdd Step 2 H 2 warm hydrolysis alcohol alkene conc. H 2 S 4 or conc. H 3 P
Naming salts. Metal Acid Salt. Sodium hydroxide reacts with Hydrochloric acid to make Sodium chloride
Naming salts A salt is any compound formed by the neutralisation of an acid by a base. The name of a salt has two parts. The first part comes from the metal, metal oxide or metal carbonate. The second
Which particle diagram represents molecules of only one compound in the gaseous phase?
Name: 1) Which species represents a chemical compound? 9114-1 - Page 1 NaHCO3 NH4 + Na N2 2) 3) 4) Which substance represents a compound? Co(s) O2(g) CO(g) C(s) Which terms are used to identify pure substances?
CfE Higher Chemistry. Unit 3: Chemistry in Society. Chemical Analysis as part of quality control
CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Chemical Analysis as part of quality control 06/12/2017 Composition and purity 06/12/2017 Learning Outcomes : I can explain the basic principle of how
Experiment 9: Synthesis and Isolation of Optical Isomers of a Cobalt (III) Compound CH3500: Inorganic Chemistry, Plymouth State University
Experiment 9: Synthesis and Isolation of Optical Isomers of a Cobalt (III) Compound CH3500: Inorganic Chemistry, Plymouth State University Adapted from GS Girolami, TB Rauchfuss, RJ Angelici, "Experiment
Experiment 8 Synthesis of Aspirin
Experiment 8 Synthesis of Aspirin Aspirin is an effective analgesic (pain reliever), antipyretic (fever reducer) and anti-inflammatory agent and is one of the most widely used non-prescription drugs. The
2. Synthesis of Aspirin
This is a two-part laboratory experiment. In part one, you will synthesize (make) the active ingredient in aspirin through a reaction involving a catalyst. The resulting product will then be purified through
Experiment 3: Acid/base Extraction and Separation of Acidic and Neutral Substances
Experiment 3: Acid/base Extraction and Separation of Acidic and Neutral Substances Introduction Your task in this lab is to separate two compounds by taking advantage of differences in their acidity, and
Lab 2. Go Their Separate Ways: Separation of an Acid, Base, and Neutral Substance by Acid-Base Extraction
Lab 2. Go Their Separate Ways: Separation of an Acid, Base, and Neutral Substance by Acid-Base Extraction How can I use an acid-base reaction to separate an acid-base-neutral mixture? Objectives 1. use
18 Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
360465-P01[01-024] 10/17/02 16:16 Page 18 Sahuja Ahuja_QXP_03:Desktop Folder:17/10/02: 18 Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments Preparing a Laboratory Record Use the following steps to prepare
Lab #3 Reduction of 3-Nitroacetophenone
Lab #3 Reduction of 3-Nitroacetophenone Introduction: Extraction: This method uses a different technique in which the two chemical compounds being separated are in immiscible solvents, also known as phases.
Introductory Remarks:
Introductory Remarks: At all times while you are in the laboratory you should wear safety spectacles or own spectacles if they have been approved. Eating of any kind of food or drinking is strictly prohibited
QUESTION BANK FOR SA-1 ( ) SUBJECT - CHEMISTRY CLASS IX
QUESTION BANK FOR SA-1 (2015-16) SUBJECT - CHEMISTRY CLASS IX CH-1 Matter in our surroundings QThe smell of hot sizzling food reaches us several metres away. Why? Q In gases, particles vibrate. 1. about
Knox Academy Science Department. S1 Science
Knox Academy Science Department S1 Science Our Material World Part 2 Write on Booklet 1 1. Chemical Elements the Builders How many materials are there? There are millions upon millions of different materials,
media), except those of aluminum and calcium
1- Aspirin occurs as white crystals or as a white crystalline powder. 2- It is slightly soluble in water (1:300), soluble in alcohol (1 :5), chloroform (1:17) & ether (1:15). It dissolves easily in glycerin.
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OBJECTIVE In this laboratory you will separate spinach pigments using thin layer chromatography (TLC). INTRODUCTION Mixtures of compounds are very common in Organic Chemistry.
Name Period Date. Lab 10: Paper Chromatography
Name Period Date Lab 10: Paper Chromatography Objectives Known and unknown solutions of the metal ions Fe +, Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ will be analyzed using paper chromatography. An unknown solution containing
Downloaded from
Science For Class IX Is Matter Around Us Pure (Q.1) Name the process which can be used to recover sugar from an aqueous sugar solution. (Q.2) What happens when a saturated solution is heated?
22 & 23 Organic Chemistry
22 & 23 rganic hemistry These two rganic hemistry chapters play a very important role on the Leaving ertificate hemistry examination paper. Firstly, these chapters cover six Mandatory Student Experiments.
5. SEPARATION OF MIXTURES, PURIFICATION OF SOLIDS Objectives
Name: Date:.. 5. SEPARATION OF MIXTURES, PURIFICATION OF SOLIDS Objectives Introduction to basic chemical laboratory operations: grinding, dissolving, decanting, centrifuging, filtration, crystallization.
Extraction. weak base pk a = 4.63 (of ammonium ion) weak acid pk a = 4.8. weaker acid pk a = 9.9. not acidic or basic pk a = 43
Extraction Background Extraction is a technique that separates compounds (usually solids) based on solubility. Depending on the phases involved, extractions are either liquid-solid or liquid-liquid. If
Gravimetric Methods of Analysis
Gravimetric Methods of Analysis Chapter 8 Gravimetric Analysis Skoog Book Page 179-198 Do Problems: 1,2,4,9,10,11,14,16,21,27,30,33 Chapter 9 Electrolyte Effects Activities effective concentration and
EXPERIMENTING WITH MIXTURES, COMPOUNDS, AND ELEMENTS
EXPERIMENTING WITH MIXTURES, COMPOUNDS, AND ELEMENTS Unifying Theme: All matter consists of mixtures, compounds, and elements. Unit Concept: Mixtures, compounds, and elements can be distinguished by
CHEMISTRY CORE PRACTICALS
CHEMISTRY CORE PRACTICALS Science (9-1) Combined Science / Chemistry Core Practicals www.chemistryinfo.co.uk Modified 23/03/2018 (MJB) Core Practical INDEX Paper 1 Paper 2 CP1a: Topic: 2.11 Investigate
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter Lab
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter Lab Purpose To introduce the student to physical and chemical properties of matter and their use for the identification and separation of compounds. Each student
Substances and Mixtures:Separating a Mixture into Its Components
MiraCosta College Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Substances and Mixtures:Separating a Mixture into Its Components EXPERIMENTAL TASK To separate a mixture of calcium carbonate, iron and sodium chloride
Flushing Out the Moles in Lab: The Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Carbonate Salts
Flushing Out the Moles in Lab: The Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Carbonate Salts Pre-lab Assignment: Reading: 1. Chapter sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 and 4.2 in your course text. 2. This lab handout. Questions:
Review Experiments Formation of Polymers Reduction of Vanillin
Review Experiments Formation of Polymers What is a polymer? What is polymerization? What is the difference between an addition polymerization and a condensation polymerization? Which type of polymerization
SPECIFICATION & TEST PROCEDURE SODIUM SALICYLATE Technical. Molecular weight : Reference : In-house
Page 1 of 8 Molecular Formula : C 7 H 5 NaO 3 CAS Registry No. : [54 21 7] Molecular weight : 160.10 Reference : In-house Other names : Benzoic acid, 2 hydroxy, mono sodium salt, Mono sodium salicylate.
Working with Hazardous Chemicals
A Publication of Reliable Methods for the Preparation of Organic Compounds Working with Hazardous Chemicals The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training
Spring Renan Gongora Week Two: Extraction
Spring 2017 Renan Gongora Week Two: Extraction Disclaimer The information provided here is to help facilitate learning and a smoother in-lab experience but you need to read all procedures!!! Furthermore,
Lab #6: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS LAB
lab Lab #6: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS LAB Name PART I: Preparation of Carboxylic Acids (a) Oxidation of an Aldehyde by Oxygen from the Air: Benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde with a familiar odor. On a clean,
By the end of this experiment the student should have learned:
Experiment 3 SUBSTANCES, REACTIONS MIXTURES, AND Learning Objectives By the end of this experiment the student should have learned: 1. To distinguish elements from compounds. 2. To distinguish heterogeneous
4023 Synthesis of cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from adipic acid diethyl ester
NP 4023 Synthesis of cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from adipic acid diethyl ester NaEt C 10 H 18 4 Na C 2 H 6 C 8 H 12 3 (202.2) (23.0) (46.1) (156.2) Classification Reaction types and substance
HY Kemian laitos Orgaanisen kemian laboratorio. Orgaanisen kemian työt II. Organiska kemiarbeten II
HY Kemian laitos Orgaanisen kemian laboratorio Orgaanisen kemian työt II Organiska kemiarbeten II 18.11. 2015 2 Contents 4-Bromoacetanilide. 3 4-Bromoaniline 5 Benzhydrol.... 6 Benzophenone.....8 1-Phenyl-1-penten-3-one
The ratio of the concentrations of a substance in the two solvents at equilibrium is called its distribution coefficient, K D :
CHM 147 Advanced Chemistry II Lab Extraction: A Separation and Isolation Technique Adapted from Extraction: A Separation and isolation Technique, Hart, Harold; Craine, Leslie; Hart, David; Organic Chemistry,
ON THE CYANOGEN HALIDES BY P. KAILASAM. (From the Chemistry Department, Madras Christian College)
ON THE CYANOGEN HALIDES BY P. KAILASAM (From the Chemistry Department, Madras Christian College) Received July 31, 1941 (Communicated by Sir C. V. Raman, xt., F.R.S., NN.L.) I. Action of Halogens on Cyanogen
Matter has many different phases (sometimes called states) which depend on the temperature and/or pressure.
Matter Phases of Matter Matter has many different phases (sometimes called states) which depend on the temperature and/or pressure. Some non common sates of matter include (but are not limited to): - Plasma,
Analytical Chemistry National 4 and 5
Analytical Chemistry National 4 and 5 Analytical Chemistry is a subject which spans almost all areas of Chemistry. It is concerned with identifying, measuring and separating the chemicals present in a
Prelab Assignmet Date, Title, Introduction. You will complete the procedures during the lab period as you plan for each test.
1 Qualitative Analysis Prelab Assignmet Date, Title, Introduction. You will complete the procedures during the lab period as you plan for each test. Introduction In this experiment you will be determining
Matter & Measurement. Brown, LeMay Ch 1 AP Chemistry Monta Vista High School
Matter & Measurement Brown, LeMay Ch 1 AP Chemistry Monta Vista High School 1.2 & 1.3: The Basics States of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, BEC Elements: substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler
Prelab Reading Assignment: Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry, 4 th Ed. Chapter 19
CHEM 213 Technique Experiments Experiment 5: Column Chromatography Number of labs - one Reactions performed None Chemicals used: Fluorene-fluorenone mixture, hexanes, methylene chloride, silica gel Supplies
Lab 10 Guide: Column Chromatography (Nov 3 9)
Lab 10 Guide: Column Chromatography (Nov 3 9) Column Chromatography/ Isolation of Caffeine from Tea, Exp. 7B, pages 67-72 in Taber After an organic reaction it s common to get a mixture of products. Usually
Thin Layer Chromatography
Thin Layer Chromatography Thin-layer chromatography involves the same principles as column chromatography, it also is a form of solid-liquid adsorption chromatography. In this case, however, the solid
GCE. Chemistry. A2 Practical Support Document. Revised GCE
GCE Revised GCE Chemistry A2 Practical Support Document For first teaching from September 2016 A2 Practical Support Document 1 Carrying out experiments to determine the rate of a reaction using a variety
Pharmacognosy Lab. Senna s Advantages : Used for patients who aren t responsive for milder laxatives Senna s Disadvantages :
Pharmacognosy Lab Lab1,2,3 Comparative determination of glycosides in Senna using different methods of extraction ( Soxhlet, Maceration, & Ultrasonic bath ) Senna s Advantages : I. Used as Stimulant Laxative
1. What is chemistry (1 mark) 2. State any importance of studying chemistry (1 mark) b) State three ways of preventing drug abuse.
NAME ADM NO.CLASS.. CHEMISTRY FORM 1 END OF TERM III Answer All the questions in the spaces. 1. What is chemistry (1 mark) 2. State any importance of studying chemistry (1 mark) 3. a) Name three illegal
CHEMISTRY Organic Chemistry Laboratory II Spring 2019 Lab #2: Grignard Reaction: Preparation of Triphenylmethanol
CHEMISTRY 244 - Organic Chemistry Laboratory II Spring 2019 Lab #2: Grignard Reaction: Preparation of Triphenylmethanol Purpose. In this lab you will use the Grignard Reaction, a classic reaction in organic
Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises. Topic 16 Unit 55
Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises In-text activities Discussion (page 117) Some possible ways for minimizing possible sources of error in the experiment: Add a slight excess