4. Interpenetrating simple cubic

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3 1. The correct structure t of CsClCl crystal is 1. Simple cubic 2. Body centered cubic 3. Face centered cubic 4. Interpenetrating simple cubic If corner as well as the particle at the center are same then it is body centered cubic

4 2. Which h one of the following statements t t is Vibration of metal ions wrong? increases, which offers resistance 1. The conductivity of metals decreases The forbidden gap is very with increase in Ionic temperature solids small in the so with solid increase state in 2. The conductivity do temp, some electrons can of not semiconductors electricity jump from valence to because the conduction ions are band held increases with increase together th in by temperature strong ionic i Till recently some alloy is 3. There is no super bond conductor and they at room found are to be not super free temperature to conducting move at 138K 4. Ionic solids conduct electricity due to presence of ions.

5 3. The octahedral voids in a face centered cubic structure are located at 1. 6 at the edge centers and 8 along body diagonals 2.12 at edge centers and one at body centre 3. 8 along body diagonal 4. All at the edge centers only.

6 4. Which of the following is true about hexagonal close packing? C No = It has a co-ordination number of 6 2. It has 26 % empty space 3. It is ABCABC.. type arrangement Packing efficiency is 74% 4. It is as closely l packed as BCC packing In BCC packing efficiency is 68%

7 5.Which among the following will show anisotropy? 1. Glass 2. Barium chloride 3. Wood 4. Paper. Anisotropy is the property of crystalline solid wherein it gives different value for some physical property in different directions

8 6.The most unsymmetrical crystal system is 1. Cubic 2. Hexagonal 3. Triclinic 4. Orthorhombic

9 Cubic system Most symmetric Triclinic crystal Most un-symmetric

10 7.The coordination number of a cat ion occupying a tetrahedral hole and octahedral hole respectively are 1. 4 and and and and 8

11 8. How many lattice points are present in a unit cell of NaCl?

12 14 lattice points are occupied by Cl - 8 are at corners 6 at the center of each face 13 lattice points are occupied by Na + 12 are at the edge 01 is at the center of the face The answer is 3 i.e 27

13 9.Which one of the following statement is incorrect about rock salt type? 1.It has interpenetrating FCC arrangement p g g 2.Na + and Cl -- ions have co-ordination number of 6:6 3.A unit of NaCl consists of 4 NaCl units 4.All halides of alkali metals have rock salt type structure

14 10.A substance A x B y crystallizes in a face centered cubic lattice in which, h atoms A occupy each corner of the cube and atoms B occupy the centers of the each face of the cube. Identify the correct composition of thesubstance t A x B y 1. AB 3 2. A 4 B 3 3. A 3 B 3 4. A 3 B

15 A A B A A B B B B A A B A A CORNER PARTICLE = 1/8 8 CORNER PARTICLES = 8 X 1/8 =01 PARICLE AT THE CENTRE OF THE FACE= ½ 6 PARTICLES ARE AT THE CENTRE OF THE FACE = 6 X ½= 03 The formula is AB3

16 11.The ionic radii of Rb + and I -- are1.46 pm and 2.16 pm respectively. The most probable type of structure t exhibited by it is 1. CsCl type 2. NaCl type 3. ZnS type 4. CaF 2 type

17 Radius/Ratio Preferred Coordination Name Number Cubic to Octahedral to Tetrahedral r + / r -- = 1.46/2.16 = 0.67 Which lies in the range of Hence the co-ordination number is 6 The structure is NaCl type Option 2 is correct

18 12. The positions of Cl ions in NaCl structure are 1. Corners of the cube 2. Centers of faces of the cube 3. Corners as well as centers of the faces of the cube 4. Edge centers of the cube.

19 13. A unit cell of CsCl structure consists of 1. One CsCl unit 2. Two CsCl units 3. Three CsCl units 4. Four CsCl units.

20 In CsCl Cs+ ions are present only at the centre Chloride ions are present at 8 corners No of + Cs ions per unit cell = 1 X 1 = 1 No of Cl -- ions per unit cell = 8 x 1/8 =1 ONE CsCl unit is present per unit cell

21 14. The distance between the Na + and Cl - in NaCl crystal is a pm, what is the length of the cell edge? 1. 2a pm 2. a/2 pm 3. 4a pm 4. a/4 pm

22 15. The packing fraction for a body centered cubic crystal is

23 Packing fraction= Volume of the spherical atom Volume of the cube Volume of the sp. Atom = 4/3 πr 3 Volume of the cube = a 3 For simple cubic a = 2 r The P F = π/6 = 0.52 For B C C a = 4 r/ 3 The P F = 3π/8 = 0.68 For F C C a = 2 2 r The P F = 2π/6 = 0.74 The answer is 3

24 16.The lattice point in a pure crystal cannot be occupied by Electron can occupy a lattice point only when there is crystal defect particularly 1.Molecules 2. Ions an ionic vacancy. 3. electron But in case of pure of crystal when there is no 4. atom crystal defect there cannot be any electron in the lattice point

25 17. The total t number of tetrahedral t voids in the face centered unit cell is

26 18. A solid AB has NaCl type structure. If the radius of cat ion is 170pm, calculate the maximum radius of the anion B pm pm pm pm.

27 For NaCl structure r + / r - = For maximum possible radius of B - r + / r - = It is given that radius of cat ion is 170pm r -- = = pm

28 19.Which h of the following point defects are shown by AgBr(s) crystals? a) Schottky defect b) Frenkel defect c) Metal excess defect d) metal deficiency defect 1. Both a & b 2. Both a & c 3. Both c & d 4. Both b & d

29 20. The edge lengths of the unit cells in terms of the radius of spheres constituting fcc, bcc and simple cubic unit cell are respectively r, 4r 2r 2. 4r, 2 2 r, 2r 3, r, 2 2 r, 4r 4. 2r, 4r, 2 2 r,,,, 3 3

30 Therefore FCC : BCC: simple cubic:. 2 2 r, 4r, 2r 3

31 21. Which of the following defects is also known as dislocation defect? 1. Frenkel defect 2. Schottky defect 3. Non-stoichiometric defect 4. Simple interstitial defect In this defect generally a cat ion being small gets displaced from its normal lattice position to an interstial site

32 22. NaCl was doped with 10-3 mol % SrCl 2. The concentration of cat ion vacancies is x10 18 mol x10 15 mol x10 21 mol x10 12 mol 1

33 Doping of NaCl with 10-3 mol% of SrCl 2, It means that 100 mol of NaCl is doped with mol of SrCl 2 i.e. 1 mol of NaCl is doped with 10-5 mol of SrCl 2 Since each Sr 2+ replaces two Na + and creates one cat ion vacancy Therefore The total number of cat ion vacancy is Therefore,The total number of cat ion vacancy is 10-5 mol per mole of NaCl since 1 mol = x10 23 molecules The concentration = x10 23 x10-5 = x10 18 per mol of NaCl

34 23. A cubic unit cell has one atom on each corner and one atom on each body diagonal. The number of atoms in the unit cell is

35 24. Fe(II) oxide has a cubic structure and each unit cell has side 5A 0. If the density of the oxide is 4 g cm -3. The number of oxide ions present in each unit cell is (molar mass of FeO = 72 g mol -1, N A = 6.02 x mol -1 )

36 Z x M d= N A x V d x N A x V 4 x x x (5 x 10-8 ) 3 Z = , Z = M 72 Z = 4.16 i.e, Four molecules of FeO is present per unit cell. i.e. Four Fe 2+ ions and Four O 2- ions Since the number of oxide ion is 4 the correct option is 2

37 25. A spinel is consisting of two types of metal ions with the oxide ions arranged in ccp layers. The normal spinel has 1/8 th of the tetrahedral void occupied by Ni 2+ and ½ of the octahedral voids by Al 3+ ions. What will be the simplest formula of the spinel? 1. NiAl 2 O 3 2. Ni 2 Al O 3 3. Ni Al 2 O 4 4. Ni 2 Al 3 O 4

38 Let the no of atoms = n Therefore The number tetrahedral voids = 2n 1/8 of it is occupied by Ni 2+ = 2n x 1/8 = n/4 The number of octahedral voids = n ½ the octahedral void is occupied by Al 3+ = n/2 Oxide ions are in ccp layers The formula = Ni n/4 Al n/2 O n = NiAl 2 O 4 The answer is 3 NiAl 2 O 4

39 26. Select the incorrect statement among the following. correct 1) For BCC unit cell a = 4r/ 3 2) For NaCl unit cell r + + r -- = a/2 packing fraction is 0.68 and void fraction is 0.32 For NaCl 2(r + + r -- )= a So it is correct 3) The void fraction in a bcc unit cell is ) The void space in fcc unit cell is 26% Correct Because packing efficiency is 74 %

40 27.The fraction of the total space occupied by the atoms present in a simple cube is 1. π/4 2. π/6 3. π/ π/ 2 1. π/4 = π/6 = π/3 2 = π/ 2 = 2.22

41 28. A mineral of titanium is found to contain calcium atoms at the corners, oxygen atoms at the face centers and titanium atoms at the centre of the cube. Oxidation number of titanium in the mineral is

42 Ca Ca O Ca Ca O O Ti O O Ca Ca O Ca Ca Calcium ions are at the corners= 1/8 x8 = 01 Oxygen atoms are present at the center of each face = ½ x 6 = 03 Titanium is present at the center of the cube = 1x 1=01 Hence the formula is CaTiO 3 Therefore the oxidation state of Ti = +4

43 29. In a solid A B having NaCl structure, t A atoms occupy the corners of the cubic unit cell. If all the face centered atoms along one of the axes is removed, then the resultant stoichiometry of the solid is A are present: 1. AB 2. A 2 B 3. A 4 B 3 4. A 3B 4 at corner 8 x 1/8 = 1 face center 4 x ½ = 2 B are present; At all the octahedral void 12 x ¼ = 03 1x1 =01

44 30.The packing efficiency i of the 2-D square unit cell shown below is % 2. 68% 3.74% %

45 In 2D packing fraction = Area occupied by circles within the square Area of the square = 2πr 2 a 2 To find a AC= 2 a But AC = 4r 4r = 2 a a = 2 2 r Therefore Packing fraction = 2πr 2 (2 2 r ) 2 = π/4 = = 78.5% Hence the correct option is = 4

46 31. A compound consisting of the monovalent ions A + and B - crystallizes in the body centered cubic lattice. If one of A + ions from the corner is replaced by a mono valent ion C +, what would be the simplest formula of the resulting compound 1. AB 2. ABC 3. A 7 BC 8 4. A 7 B 8 C

47 Contribution of the B - present at the centre is =1 Contribution of A + ions at the corners = 7/8 Contribution of one C + at one corner is =1/8 Therefore A: B: C are 7/8 : 1 : 1/8 Hence the simplest formula is A 7 B 8 C 1 Answer is option 4

48 32.Lithium iodide crystal has a face centered cubic unit cell. If the edge length of the unit cell is 620pm, determine the ionic radius of Iodide ion pm pm pm pm

49 Hence the correct option is 3

50 33. A solid X melts slightly above 273 K and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, to which of the following categories does it belong? 1. Ionic solid 2. Covalent solid 3. Metal solid 4. Molecular solid

51 White Red Violet Black phosphorus Ice Crystalline iodine Fullerene crystals Sucrose crystals MOLECULAR SOLIDS

52 34. A double triangular void surrounded by three spheres above and three spheres below is called 1. Triangular void 2. Tetrahedral void 3. Octahedral void 4.Triangular bipyramidal void KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 52

53 35. Doping of silicon with P or Al increases the conductivity. The difference in the two case is 1. P is non-metal where as Al is metal 2. P is poor conductor while Al is a conductor 3. P gives rise to extra electrons while Al give rise to holes. 4. P gives rise to holes while Al gives rise to extra electrons. KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 53

54 36. In a metal oxide, the oxide ions are arranged in hexagonal packing and metal ions occupy two-third third of the octahedral voids. The formula of the oxide is Suppose the number of oxide ions is = n Therefore the number of octahedral hole = n Only2/3 of the octahedral voids are occupied by metal ions = 2n/3 The ratio becomes M : O = 2n/3 : n O M O 1. MO 2. MO MO 2 4. MO 2. Or M 2 O 3 KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 54

55 37. The constituent particles of a solid have The constituent particles have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. Therefore they are rigid 1.Translatory motion only 2. Rotatory motion 3. Vibratory motion only 4. Both translatory t and vibratory KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 55

56 38.Which of the following statements is not It is true because occupied correct? fraction is.52 Because molecules are held 1. The fraction of the total volume unoccupied together by weak physical by the atoms in a primitive cell forces is Molecular solids are generally volatile 3. The number of carbon atoms in a unit cell of Diamond is 4 4. The number of Bravais lattice in which a crystal can be categorized is 14 There are 14 types It is actually 8.The diamond has similar structure as that of ZnS. Carbon atoms are present at corners, face centre and alternate tetrahedral voids of crystal lattice KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 56

57 39.The incorrect statement in the following is use the formula 2( r + + r -- ) = a 2( ) = The length of the edge of the unit cell of NaCl is 552pm ( r Na+ =95pm r Cl- = 181pm) 2. Frenkel defect is dislocation defect 3. Trapping of an electron in the lattice leads to the formation of F- centre. 4. Schottky defect have no effect on the physical properties of solids It decreases the density of the crystal KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 57

58 40. The electricity produced on applying stress on the crystals is called 1. Pyroelectricity 2. Piezoelectricity 3. ferroelectricity 4. Anti- ferroelectricity. Some piezoelectric crystals when heated Produce small electric current Electricity is produced due to the displacement of ions on applying stress KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 58

59 41. Which of the following statement is not true about the hexagonal close packing? 1. The coordination number is It has 26% of the empty space 3. Tetrahedral voids of the second layer are covered by the spheres of the third layer 4. In this arrangement spheres of the fourth layer are exactly aligned with those of the first layer.

60 In hcp spheres of the third layer are exactly aligned with those of the first layer. Hence correct option is 4

61 42. Diamond is not a 1. a covalent solid 2. a non-conductor 3. a lubricant 4. sp3 Hybridised. KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 61

62 43. In diamond each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms tetrahedrally. The number of carbon atoms per unit cell is It is actually 8.The diamond has similar structure as that of ZnS. Carbon atoms are present at corners, face centre and alternate tetrahedral voids KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 62

63 44. Which has no rotation symmetry? 1.Hexagonal 2.Orthorhombic 3.Cubic 4. Triclinic KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 63

64 45. The edge length of the unit cell of a metal having molecular weight 75g/mol is 5A 0 which crystallizes in cubic lattice. If the density is 2 g/cc,then find the radius of metal atom (N A = 6 x ) pm pm pm pm

65 First the value of Z is calculated by using the data. It is found to be 2 hence it has BCC structure For BCC r = 3/4 a r = A 0

66 46. Ice crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice having a volume of the unit cell 132 x cm 3. If the density of ice at the given temperature is 0.92 g cm -3, then number of water molecules l per unit cell is

67 47. By X ray diffraction methods, the unit length of NaCl is observed to be nm. The density of NaCl is found to be g/cm 3. What type of defect exists in the crystal? Calculate l the percentage of Na + and Cl -1 ions missing. 1. Schottky defect & 0.8% 2. Frenkel defect & 0.08 % 3. Schottky defect & 80% 4. Frenkel defect & 8%

68 First density is calculated from the data It is found to be g/cm 3 Observed density is g/cm 3 Since observed density is less than the theoretical density it shows Schottky defect Actual formula units of NaCl per unit cell can be calculated a 3 ρ N 0 by using the formula Z = = M Therefore units missing per unit cell = gp = Therefore % missing = x100 4 =0.8 %

69 47. By X ray diffraction methods, the unit length of NaCl is observed to be nm. The density of NaCl is found to be g/cm 3. What type of defect exists in the crystal? Calculate l the percentage of Na + and Cl -1 ions missing. 1. Schottky defect & 0.8% 2. Frenkel defect & 0.08 % 3. Schottky defect & 80% 4. Frenkel defect & 8%

70 48. Each rubidium halide crystallizing i in the NaCl type lattice has a cell edge length 0.30A 0 greater than for corresponding potassium salt (r 133 K+ =1.33 A 0 ) of the same halogen. Hence,ionic radius of Rb + is A A A A 0

71 Since RbX crystallizes in NaCl type The cell edge length = 2( R + - Rb + R X ) Therefore 2( R Rb+ + R X- ) -- 2( R K+ + R X- ) =0.30A 0 or R Rb+ -R K + = 0.15 A 0 R Rb+ = R K A 0 R Rb+ = 1.33 A A 0 R Rb+ = 1.48 A 0

72 48. Each rubidium halide crystallizing i in the NaCl type lattice has a cell edge length 0.30A 0 greater than for corresponding potassium salt (r 133 K+ =1.33 A 0 ) of the same halogen. Hence,ionic radius of Rb + is A A A A 0

73 TOPICS STUDIED IN SOLIDS. General characteristics of solids: Crystalline and amorphous solids- examples. Classification of crystalline solids based on binding force: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids. Definitions: Lattice point,crystal lattice, unit cell, Coordination number. Parameters of unit cell, names of 7 crystal system. Calculation of number of atoms in simple, bcc, fcc unit cells. Close packing in 2D and 3D lattices (brief information),

74 Voids types of voids, tetrahedral and octahedral voids and their relative numbers. Calculation of the formula of the compound based on the number of voids filled. Packing in solids- calculation of packing efficiency fcc / ccp, bcc simple cubic. Formula to calculate the density of the unit cell to be assumed. use the formula to calculate a,d, z, M, N, numerical problems. KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 74

75 Point defects-types a brief account of Frankel and Schottky defects, metal excess defect and metal deficiency defect examples Electrical properties: Classification into conductors, insulators and semiconductors their comparison based on the band theory of metals, n-type and p-type semiconductorsdifferences and examples. Magnetic properties p of substances paramagnetism diamagnetism and ferromagnetism examples KGS, Govt PUC CKM 05/04/ :23 AM 75

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