International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Transcription

1 International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN HEMIHYDRATE AND AMBROXOL HCl IN A COMBINED DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC 1 T. Manjula *, 2 G. Nagasowjanya, 3 A.Ajitha, 4 V.Uma Maheshwara Rao 1,2,3,4 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis& Quality Assurance, CMR College of Pharmacy, Kandlakoya(V), Medchal road, Hyderabad , T.G, INDIA Abstract A simple, precise, rapid, specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Levofloxacin hemihydrate (LEVH) and Ambroxol HCl (AMXL HCl) in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation was performed on symmetry (C18) inertsil ODS 3V (4.6mm x 150mm, 4.5 m) column, with mobile phase comprising of mixture of Phosphate buffer (ph 6.0, adjusted with NaOH) and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65v/v, at the flow rate 1 ml/min at detection wavelength of 231nm. The retention times of LEVH and AMXL HCl were found to be and mins respectively with a run time of 6 mins, with a resolution of As per ICH guidelines the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification, and ruggedness, robustness. Linearity of LEVH was found in the range of µg/ml and that for AMXL HCl was found to be µg/ml. The correlation coefficient for LEVH and AMXL HCl were and respectively. The LOD values for LEVH and AMXL HCl were 2.66 µg/ml, 0.88µg/ml and respectively. The LOQ values for LEVH and AMXL HCl were 8.06 and 0.29µg/ml respectively. This demonstrates that the developed method is simple, precise, rapid, selective, accurate and reproducible for simultaneous estimation of LEVH and AMXL HCl combined dosage form. Keywords: Levofloxacin hemihydrate, Ambroxol HCl, RP-HPLC, Validation. Corresponding Author: T. Manjula CMR College of pharmacy, Kandlakoya (V), Medchal road, Hyderabad , A.P, INDIA manjulathoomu@gmail.com Mobile: Available online: September Issue 2179

2 INTRODUCTION Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Like all quinolones, it functions by inhibiting the two type II topoisomerase enzymes, namely DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. Topoisomerase IV is necessary to separate DNA that has been replicated (doubled) prior to bacterial cell division. With the DNA not being separated, the process is stopped, and the bacterium cannot divide. DNA gyrase, on the other hand, is responsibe for supercoiling the DNA, so that it will fit in the newly formed cells. Both mechanisms amount to killing the bacterium, that is, levofloxacin acts as a bactericide. Ambroxol is a muco active drug with secretolytic and secretomotoric action that restore the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract. It induces synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes. Surfactant acts as an anti glue agent by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, by which improving the transport and providing protection against infection and irritating agents. Fig.1: Chemical structure of Levofloxacin Fig.2: Chemical structure of Ambroxol HCl Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms, certain drugs and other conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Typical symptoms include a cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia presumed to be bacterial is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is, in general, admitted to hospital. For simultaneous estimation of the drugs, which are present in multi component dosage forms, HPLC method is considered to be most suitable. It is a powerful and rugged method. A few methods have been reported in the literature for the estimation of levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl individually and in combination. However, there is no simple and shorter run times have been reported for the simultaneous estimation of levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl. The present work was aimed to Available online: September Issue 2180

3 developing a fully validated RP-HPLC method for development and validation for simultaneous estimation of levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl in combined dosage form. It is more economical, simpler, precise and accurate than the previous methods. [3,10] MATERIALS AND METHODS Instrumentation: Water s e 2695 separation module were used. Water s HPLC system consisting of 2690 pump model, manual sampler and inertsil ODS (150mm 4.6mm 5µ) column were used. Detector SPD- 20A model and detection at nm.The drug analysis data were acquired using spinchrome software. Table 1: Material Used S. No. Chemicals/standards and reagents Grade Company 1 Ortho phosphoric acid LR Standard reagents Hyd 2 Methanol HPLC Grade Merck 3 Acetonitrile HPLC Grade Merck 4 Water HPLC Grade Loba chemi Chromatographic conditions: The mobile phase, a mixture of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (35:65v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1ml/min in to the column Inertsil ODS (150mm 4.6mm 5µ) and detection at 231nm. Buffer preparation: Take 1.625gms of KH 2 PO 4 and0.3gms of K 2 HPO 4 dissolve in 550ml of HPLC grade water. Adjust the desired ph 6.0 using diluted orthophosphoric acid.the mobile phase was filtered through 0.45µm filters to remove all fine particles and degassed it for 10min by sonication to remove gases. Samples of 10µl were injected into the HPLC system and the effluents were analysed by using a detector, with a runtime of 10 min. Preparation of standard solution: Accurately weighed and transferred 5 mg of Levofloxacin and 25 mg of Ambroxol HCl working standard into a 100mL clean dry volumetric flask and added about 70mL of diluent(mobile phase). It was sonicated to dissolve completely and made volume up to the mark with the same mobile phase. (Stock solution) (5, 25 µg/ml). From this, 3 ml of the solution was pipette out into another 10ml volumetric flask and diluted up to the mark with mobile phase (15,75 µg/ml). [4] Available online: September Issue 2181

4 Preparation of sample solution: 20 tablets were accurately weighed and the average weight was calculated. The tablets were grinded to fine power. Then the amount of powder equivalent to an average weight of a tablet was transferred to a 50ml volumetric flask, dissolved in mobile phase and shaken for about 10min then filtered through filter paper. From the filtered solution pipette out 5ml transferred into 25ml of volumetric flask.make up with final concentration with mobile phase. Then 10µl of standard and sample solutions were injected into the column and chromatogram was recorded. Development and validation of HPLC method : The present study was conducted to obtain a new, affordable and cost-effective and convenient method for determination of levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl in combined dosage forms. The method was validated for the parameters like system suitability, accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness, and forced degradation studies.[1-3] System suitability: A standard solution was prepared by using Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl working standard as per the test method and was injected six times into the HPLC system. The parameters namely USP plate count, peak asymmetry factor and resolution for the standard solutions were calculated. Linearity: The linearity of the method was determined by constructing calibration curves. Sample solutions of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl at different concentration levels (60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140%) were used. Before injection of the solution, the column was equilibrated for at least 30 min with the mobile phase. The peak areas of the chromatograms were plotted against the concentrations of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl to obtain the calibration curves. The five concentrations of the solutions were subjected to regression analysis to calculate calibration equation and correlation coefficients. The mean area with its standard deviation and % relative standard deviation of peak areas were calculated. [1,7,9] Accuracy: Accuracy is the closeness in agreement between the accepted true value or a reference value and the actual results obtained. Accuracy studies are usually evaluated by determining the recovery of a spiked sample of the analyte into the mixture of the sample to be analysed. For this prepare three different concentrations of solution like 80%, 100%, 120%. For each concentration was injected and the mean % recovery was calculated. Available online: September Issue 2182

5 Precision: Method precision was determined by injecting six replicates of the drug sample solution. The retention times and peak areas of six replicates are recorded. The precision is expresses as the %RSD of peak areas and it should not be more than 2%. Specificity: The specificity was conducted to establish specificity of the proposed method by injecting blank and placebo using the chromatographic conditions. It was found that there is no interference due to blank and excipients in tablet formulation.[1-3] Robustness: The robustness was assessed by altering the some chromatographic conditions such as by changing the flow rate from 0.8 to 1.2ml/min, temperature of the column (25ºC to 35ºC). Limit of detection and Limit of quantification: Limit of detection and Limit of quantification represents the concentration of analyte that would yield signal to noise ratio of 3 for LOD and 10 for LOQ respectively.lod and LOQ was calculated from linear curve using formulae.[3,4] LOD = 3.3 * σ / Slope LOQ =10 * σ / Slope Where σ= The standard deviation of the response and S=Slope of calibration curve Fig.3: chromatogram of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl in Standard preparation Fig.4: chromatogram of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl in Sample preparation Available online: September Issue 2183

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Method development and optimization: The new HPLC method is optimized with a view to develop a method of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl. Take 1.625gms of KH 2 PO 4 and0.3gms of K 2 HPO 4 dissolve in 550ml of HPLC grade water. Adjust the desired ph 6.0 using diluted Ortho phosphoric acid. The mobile phase was filtered through 0.45µm filters to remove all fine particles and degassed it for 10min by sonication to remove gases. Samples of 10µl were injected into the HPLC system and the effluents were analysed by using a detector, with a runtime of 10mins. Mixture of buffer solution and Acetonitrile in the ration of 35:65v/v as mobile phase for trails on a inertsil ODS ( ) mm, 5µ stationary phase with a 25cm length, 4.6mm ID and 5µm particle size. Flow rate was 1ml/min. Injection volume 10µl. Detection at 231nm.The samples shows greater retention times (2.727&4.787) and pass the all system suitability parameters. In this trail retention times are high. In another trail changes were made on flow rate (1.2ml/min) was injected. With this trail low retention times were achieved (5.160&7.373) and peaks were having high resolution. Based on 2 nd trail another trail was carried out by changing the mobile phase composition (40:60v/v).The retention times were improved to and and first peak shows more tailing (1.94) and passes all system suitability parameters. Based on this, next trail was carried out by changing the ph 5. With this trail tailing is reduced (1.57), retention times were and and passes all system suitability parameters. In this trail retention times are very less, to improve the retention times the flow rate is reduced to 1ml/min in the next trail. In this trail it improves retention times and and good resolution was observed. Tailing was 1.60 and 1.49.Theoritical plates were 2101& Satisfactory results were observed in the last trail. So last trail was the optimized trail for this method. System suitability: This test was carried out to find out the flow rate and wave length detection of the system for the analysis. The total results of system suitability studies summarized in Table 2. In this studies %RSD value of retention times, peak areas, asymmetry and theoretical plate count were found to be less than 2% for both Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl. Available online: September Issue 2184

7 Table 2: It shows system suitability of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl S. No Parameter Levofloxacin Ambroxol HCl 1 Retention time Theoretical plates Tailing factor Area Resolution The linearity studies were determined at different concentration ranging from µg/ml for Levofloxacin and 9-21µg/ml for Ambroxol HCl. The regression coefficient was for Levofloxacin and for Ambroxol HCl showing good linearity. This shows that the linearity of the calibration curve over the range studied. Fig.5: It shows linearity plot of Levofloxacin Fig.6: It shows linearity plot of Ambroxol HCl Accuracy: The accuracy studies were determined at 3 different concentrations like 80%, 100%, 120%.The %recovery was calculated for both Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl. Table 2: It shows accuracy of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl. Drug Concentration % of recovery Mean 80% Levofloxacin Ambroxol HCl 100% % % % % Available online: September Issue 2185

8 Precision: System precision: System precision was determined by injecting sample solutions of concentrations like Levofloxacin (50µg/ml) and Ambroxol HCl (15µg/ml) for five times. The chromatograms were recorded for both Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl and results are mentioned in Table 3.% RSD of both Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl was 0.61 and From the System precision and Id precision reports it was observed that %RSD values for the retention times and peak areas of both Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl were found to be less than 2%. Robustness: Injection Table 3: Results of system precision Levofloxacin Area Table4: Results of Id precision Injection LEVH Area AMXL Area Injection Injection Injection Injection Injection Injection Mean Standard Deviation % RSD In the robustness, the changes in the flow rate and Wave length detection were made to evaluate impact on the method and retention times were significantly changed. Ambroxol Area Injection Injection Injection Injection Injection Average Standard % RSD Available online: September Issue 2186

9 Table: 5. Robustness observations of Levofloxacin S.no Parameter condition RT Theoretical plates Tailing factor 1 Flow rate 0.8ml/min ml/min More wave length length Wave Less wave length Table 6: robustness observations of Ambroxol HCl S.no Parameter condition RT Theoretical plates Tailing factor 1 2 Flow rate length Wave 0.8ml/min ml/min More wave length Less wave length Limit of detection and Limit of Quantification: The LOD for this method was found to be 2.66µg/ml for Levofloxacin and 0.88µg/ml for Ambroxol HCl respectively. The LOQ for this method was found to be 8.06µg/ml for Levofloxacin and 0.29µg/ml for Ambroxol HCl respectively. Table 7: It shows LOD&LOQ of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl Drug LOD LOQ Levofloxacin hemihydrate Ambroxol HCl CONCLUSION The proposed HPLC method was found to be precise, specific, accurate, rapid and economical for simultaneous estimation of Levofloxacin hemihydrate and Ambroxol HCl in combined tablet dosage form. The sample recoveries in all formulations were in good agreement with their respective Label Claims and this method can be used for routine analysis. It can be applied for routine analysis in laboratories and is suitable for the quality control of the raw materials, formulations, dissolution studies and can be employed for bioequivalence studies for the same formulation. Available online: September Issue 2187

10 AKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to CMR College of pharmacy, Hyderabad for their valuable guidance, innovative advice, technical and moral support given to me throughout the entire course, CHANDRA Training Lab, Hyderabad for their support to carry out this work and for providing pure standard samples of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol HCl. REFRENCES 1. Gurdeep R. Chatwal, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Himalaya Publication House, Pg: , H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, J.A. Dean, F.A. Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis,7 th edition, CBS Publishers and Distributers, New Delhi, Pg: , liquid chromatography 4. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Government of India, Ministry of health and welfare published by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. 2010; 2:1643, United States of Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia Convention, Rockville.2009, Pg: Alfred Goodman Gilman. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10 th edition. P Avhad M, Bonde CG (2009) Development and Validation of Simultaneous UV- Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol in Tablets. Int J Chemtech Res 1: Patel PA, Dole MN, Shedpure PS, Sawant SD (2011) Spectro photometric Simultaneous Estimation of Salbutamol and Ambroxol in Bulk and Formulation. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 4: Patel PA, Dole MN, Sawant SD, Shedpure PS (2011) Simultaneous Determination of Salbutamol and Ambroxol in Fixed Dose Combination by Spectro photometry. Int J Pharm Sci Res 5: Kimbahune R, Sunil K, Kabra P, Delvadiya K, Surani S (2011) Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Analysis of Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin and Terbutaline Sulphate in Liquid Dosage Form (Syrup). Int J Pharm Sci Review and Res 2: Available online: September Issue 2188