3.02 Atomic Structure
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1 302 Atomic Structure Nomenclature and Parts of the atom Dr Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 111 Miramar College Atomic Structure
2 Modern view of the atom What are the parts of the atom and how are these parts (especially the electrons) arranged in each atom? What makes each atom (element) different from each other? What makes certain atoms (elements) similar to each other? Atomic Structure
3 Atomic Model Theories From the time of Dalton g Thomson g Rutherford g Bohr g Schrodinger, our model of the atom has undergone many modifications The model is not finish however Atomic Structure
4 Mass and Volume; Size Nucleus are so dense that the size of the pea has a mass of 250 million tons Protons in nucleus held together by nuclear binding force Atomic Structure
5 Parts of the atom Relative mass and charge for the subatomic particles of an atom Particle Mass *Rel Mass Rel Charge (amu) e - ; electron Kg 1/ C p + ; proton Kg C n; neutron Kg 1 0 * Relative mass: 1 amu ~ mass of proton 1amu equals exactly one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 isotope Atomic Structure
6 Why are elements so different? (if particles are identical) Electrons dictate chemistry, it is the electron which interact with each other Their arrangement is different for each element which give rise to the element s different properties Atomic Structure
7 Nomenclature: A X chg Z X - Symbol of element A - Atomic mass = no proton + no neutron Z - Atomic number = no proton, detm' identity chg - charge of atom = sum of no p (+) & no e (-) ( Elements with the same atomic number (Z) but different atomic mass (A) are called isotopes) Atomic Structure
8 The atoms: Different Elements 1s C N O p +,6n 1s p +, 7n 1s p +,8n The periodic table give an atomic mass that is not a whole number? ie, C = amu, H = 1008 amu, O = amu Atomic Structure
9 The atoms: Different Elements 1s C N O p +,6n 1s p +, 7n 1s p +,8n The periodic table give an atomic mass that is not a whole number? ie, C = amu, H = 1008 amu, O = amu Atomic Structure
10 The atoms: Different Elements 1s C N O p +,6n 1s p +, 7n 1s p +,8n The periodic table give an atomic mass that is not a whole number? ie, C = amu, H = 1008 amu, O = amu Atomic Structure
11 The atoms: Different Elements 1s C N O p +,6n 1s p +, 7n 1s p +,8n The periodic table give an atomic mass that is not a whole number? ie, C = amu, H = 1008 amu, O = amu Atomic Structure
12 The atoms: Isotopes 12 C C C s s s Isotopes - atoms with different # of neutrons and protons ie, C-12, C-13 C-14 6p +,6n 6p +, 7n 75% of all elements have more than one isotope Titanium and nickel has five isotope, while fluorine and potassium have just one Atomic Structure
13 The atoms: Isotopes 12 C C C p +,6n 1s s p +, 7n 1s Isotopes - atoms with different # of neutrons and protons ie, C-12, C-13 C-14 75% of all elements have more than one isotope Titanium and nickel has five isotope, while fluorine and potassium have just one Atomic Structure
14 The atoms: Isotopes 12 C C C p +,6n 1s s p +, 7n 1s Isotopes - atoms with different # of neutrons and protons ie, C-12, C-13 C-14 75% of all elements have more than one isotope Titanium and nickel has five isotope, while fluorine and potassium have just one Atomic Structure
15 The atoms: Charge atoms (ions) 14 C C C s s s ions - charge of atom / isotope or group of atoms (+) cation (cat) (-) anion (ant) Atomic Structure
16 The atoms: Charge atoms (ions) 14 C C C s s s ions - charge of atom / isotope or group of atoms (+) cation (cat) (-) anion (ant) Atomic Structure
17 The atoms: Charge atoms (ions) 14 C C C s s s ions - charge of atom / isotope or group of atoms (+) cation (cat) (-) anion (ant) Atomic Structure
18 The atoms: Charge atoms (ions) 14 C C C s s s ions - charge of atom / isotope or group of atoms (+) cation (cat) (-) anion (ant) Atomic Structure
19 The atoms: Identifying the element (1) What is the element with the following subatomic particles? 15? 7 X 7 7? 15 N Nitrogen N 1s p +, 7n Answer Nitrogen 1s? X? N 7 X? N 7p +, 8n 7n Atomic Structure
20 The atoms: Identifying the element (1) What is the element with the following subatomic particles? 15? 7 X 7 7? 14 N Nitrogen N 1s p +, 7n 15 X? N Nitrogen N 1s p +, 8n Atomic Structure
21 The atoms: Identifying the element (2) What is the specie with the following subatomic particles?? X -2 8? O -2 Oxygen 1s O - 2 8p +, 9n Example # p # e- # n Diagram e- configuration 17 X O -2 Oxygen O 8p +, 9n - 2 1s Atomic Structure
22 The atoms: Identifying the element (2) What is the specie with the following subatomic particles? 8-2? 17 X? 8 17 O -2 Oxygen 1s O - 2 8p +, 9n? X? O -2 Answer Oxygen 1s O - 2 8p +, 9n Atomic Structure
23 Atomic Nomenclature: Exercise #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 Protons 34 Protons Neutrons Neutrons Electrons Electrons A (atomic Mass) A (atomic Mass) 210 Z (atomic No) Z (atomic Number) 85 Charge Charge +2-1 Symbol Zn At Se Xe Symbol Xe Atomic Structure
24 Atomic Mass: a closer look According to the periodic table the atomic mass of carbon is amu, chlorine is amu Yet we just said that the mass of an atom is arrived by the number of protons and neutrons for that atom How is it that we have 011 amu worth of atom Is there such a thing as a fraction of an atom? Atomic Structure
25 Weighted Average The mass of the elements from the periodic table is actually the weighted average Consider the following: : What is the average = 27: 27 / 4 = 675 or 8 (25) + 7(25) + 6(25) + 6(25) = = 675 Now what is the atomic mass for chlorine which exist in the following abundance: Cl-35 (7553 % ) & Cl-37( 2447 %) At Wt = 35(7553) + 37(2447) = = 3549 g/mol Atomic Structure
26 Summary Piecing together the Atomic Structure Atomic Structure
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