Learning Outcomes 2. Key Concepts 2. Misconceptions and Teaching Challenges 3. Vocabulary 4. Lesson and Content Overview 5
|
|
- Terence Shields
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNIT 3 GUIDE Table of Contents Learning Outcomes 2 Key Concepts 2 Misconceptions and Teaching Challenges 3 Vocabulary 4 Lesson and Content Overview 5 BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 1
2 Unit 3 Stars and Elements Unit 3 Driving Question: How can looking at the same information from different perspectives pave the way for progress? Learning Outcomes 1. Describe how stars form. 2. Explain what happens in the life of a star and explain what happens when a star dies. 3. Explain how the death of stars results in the creation of heavier elements. 4. Explain why the formation of stars and the emergence of elements are so important in our world. 5. Understand what scholars from multiple disciplines know about a topic and the questions they can ask to gain an understanding of the topic from an integrated perspective. Key Concepts From the darkness of the early Universe, stars bring a new complexity to Big History, adding light, new energy sources, and in their death, many of the chemical elements that surround us. In this unit, students learn how stars were created, how they have changed the Universe, and why they play such an important role in Big History. Students learn how aging and dying stars created new elements, including the elements from which we are made. Finally, they learn how the Universe became more chemically complex as entirely new forms of matter, each with distinctive properties, began to appear in the space between stars. The Formation of Stars As the Universe expanded and cooled, clouds of hydrogen and helium were drawn together by gravity. As these clouds grew larger and denser, the temperature rose until it was finally hot enough for protons to overcome their repulsion to one another and become joined by the strong nuclear force. Bam! A star is born. Sometimes small, sometime huge, these stars can burn for millions if not billions of years. As stars began lighting up all over the Universe, they started to gather together in groups we call galaxies. In turn, these galaxies drew together as well. The Life of a Star As stars burn, they re fueled by a process that combines two hydrogen atoms into one helium atom, which gives off a huge amount of energy. This process will continue at the center of every star until the star runs out of hydrogen. At this stage, the star will start burning helium atoms, fusing them into atoms of carbon. Once the helium runs out, the star will burn the carbon, creating neon. Over time, neon is burned, creating oxygen; oxygen is burned, creating silicon; and finally, silicon is burned, creating iron. At this stage, the process can no longer continue and the star ends its main sequence. BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 2
3 The Death of a Star How fast stars burn depends on their mass. The smaller stars burn fuel slowly and can last millions and millions of years. Larger stars tend to burn faster and live for a shorter amount of time. The larger stars tend to expand greatly once they burn through their fuel, and become red giants. Then, these stars collapse and explode into supernovae, reaching incredibly high temperatures. These explosions are so hot that they are able to fuse together a massive variety of atoms. The Chemical Elements Hydrogen and helium are the most abundant elements in the Universe. They first appeared in the moments after the Big Bang as the Universe cooled and some of the energy converted into matter. Because of the high temperatures at the centers of large dying stars, more elements, such as carbon, oxygen, silicon, and iron, appeared. While important, these are but a few of the elements needed for life as we know it. It s only in the incredibly high temperatures of an exploding star that we get much of the rest of the table of elements. Why This Matters All of the elements found on Earth come from the life or death of a star. There is no other way to create large quantities of elements. In a way, we re all made of stars! Also, the fact that elements can t be created by any other means explains why there are limited quantities of many valuable elements here on Earth, and why we can t simply make more when we need them. We need to understand the nature of these elements and make good use of the limited supplies we have here on Earth. Misconceptions and Teaching Challenges Vocabulary Unit 3 includes a number of vocabulary words that will be unfamiliar to students. These terms will be important in understanding the reading and video content over the unit. It s helpful to allow a little extra time for vocabulary when teaching Unit 3 to support your students comprehension. Understanding Stars There is a ton of information about the lifecycle of stars in this unit. In particular, the main lecture videos are pretty detailed and in-depth. As you come to this topic, it s helpful to set the expectation that these videos will likely need to be viewed at least twice to really understand them. As we ve discussed in the Teaching Guide, the material in our Big History videos is often as detailed as many written articles. It s not easy to simply watch them and get the big ideas. As a helpful aid, try using the Life Cycle of Stars infographic as you follow along to help you think about where we are in the process. Chemistry? What s That? Unit 3 touches on some very complex ideas in chemistry. For many teachers and students, it provides welcome opportunities to dig deeper into the details of nuclear fusion or the periodic table of elements. However, it is not essential to explore the topic in-depth to get at the most essential elements of Big History. You don t have to be a chemist, nor do you have to take a couple of weeks to explain the basics of chemistry (but if you do have the time and resources, have fun with it). What s important to understand here is that everyone is made of the chemical elements formed in the death of stars, and these elements each have different properties. As we get into Units 4 BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 3
4 and 5, we will explore how these elements came to be found on Earth and the role they played in the emergence of life. It s also important for us to consider the scarcity of these natural resources here on Earth when we think about how access to these elements have shaped human political and social behaviors. The Periodic Table If you don t have formal training in chemistry, you might not feel confident about discussing the periodic table of elements. Don t worry. For our purposes, it s enough to know that different elements have different numbers of protons, and some other unique characteristics. As scientists like Mendeleev started looking for ways to explain the similarities among elements, the breakthrough came from borrowing ideas from a simple card game. While the periodic table deserves a great deal of attention from teachers and students, the details are not essential to successfully completing this course. Vocabulary carbon A chemical element with six protons that is the basis for all known life on Earth. chemical element A substance whose atoms are all the same (that is, each atom contains the same number of protons as each of the other atoms in the substance). Sometimes, the word element is used to refer to the atoms or atomic nuclei themselves, as in the statement Many elements are formed as products of dying stars. chemistry The scientific study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of different forms of matter. cluster A group of galaxies held together by their mutual gravitational pulls. cosmic horizon The distance in our Universe beyond which we cannot see (46-billion to 47-billion lightyears from Earth). Light from beyond the cosmic horizon has not yet had enough time (in the history of the Universe) to reach us. density The mass per unit of volume of a substance. fusion (also called nuclear fusion) The combining of lighter atomic nuclei into heavier atomic nuclei. This process can release a great deal of energy, and is what powers most stars. galaxy A huge system of stars, interstellar dust, and dark matter, held together by mutual gravitational pull. ion An atom that has a different number of protons than electrons, giving it an overall positive or negative charge. iron A chemical element with 26 protons. The most common chemical element in the planet Earth, iron forms the majority of Earth s inner and outer core. The process of creating new elements through nuclear fusion in stars ends with iron, since fusing atomic nuclei together to produce elements heavier than iron does not produce energy. Milky Way galaxy The spiral-shaped galaxy that contains our Solar System. neutron star One possible end product of supernovae. When a star much more massive than our Sun runs out of fuel, its core may collapse to produce a ball of neutrons more dense than virtually anything else in the Universe. BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 4
5 periodicity Regular, recurring trends. For example, a Cepheid variable star exhibits periodicity because its brightness changes in a regular, predictable way that repeats over time. periodic table of elements The generally accepted system for organizing the known chemical elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev first used this method of arrangement in As new elements are discovered, they are added to the table. plasma A state of matter in which protons and electrons are not bound together. This was the state of the entire Universe roughly before 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and is the normal state inside stars. radioactivity The breakdown of an unstable atomic nucleus, such as uranium, through the spontaneous emission of subatomic particles. star A huge, glowing ball of plasma held together by its own gravity. Stars, the first complex entities in the Universe, have structure, stability, and a sustained flow of energy due to nuclear fusion at their centers. supercluster A large group of galaxy clusters that together form some of the largest known structures in the Universe. supernova The explosion of a large star at the end of its life; most chemical elements are created by supernova explosions. Lesson and Content Overview Lesson name Lesson description Content Activity 3.0 How Were Stars Formed? Ever spill jellybeans on the floor? In the new Universe, some atoms like the jellybeans wound up together in pockets. Unlike the jellybean scenario, gravity did its thing. Long story short stars. Watch: How Were Stars Formed? Watch: A Big History of Everything H2 Opening: The Life of a Star Activity: My Threshold Card Activity: Star Comic Vocab Activity: Memorization Activity: DQ Notebook Closing: This Threshold Today 3.1 Creation of Complex Elements Aging and dying stars get hotter than well, they get hot. Hot enough to create new, heavier elements. What s so special about the heavier elements? No gold. No silver. Imagine life without metal. Watch: New Chemical Elements Watch: What Did Stars Give Us? Watch: Stars & Galaxies Crash Course Read: A Little Big History of Silver Watch: Silver Supernova H2 Opening: Is It in There? Vocab Activity: Comprehension Activity: Grading Silver Supernova Closing: Little Big History of an Element BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 5
6 Lesson name Lesson description Content Activity 3.2 Ways of Knowing: Stars and Elements All those new elements what exactly were they and how did they bind to or repel each other? The science of chemistry was born as early scientists studied the properties and structure of chemical elements and compounds. Watch: Ways of Knowing: Intro to Chemistry Watch: Crash Course Chemistry Periodic Table of Elements Read: Dmitri Mendeleev: Building the Periodic Table of Elements Read: Marie Curie: Chemistry, Physics, and Radioactivity Opening: DQ Notebook Activity: What Do You Know? What Do You Ask? Closing: Investigation 3 Investigation: How can looking at the same information from different perspectives pave the way for progress? This unit s investigation uses our changing view of the chemical elements as a case study for how new understanding helps lead to innovation. Aristotle s elements Lavoisier on chemical elements The periodic table Elements, baseball bats, and bike frames Worksheets Investigation Writing Additional content Additional content items, including image galleries, can be used to augment lessons or customize your own unit. Threshold 2: Stars Light Up (video) Structure in the Universe (gallery) Stars (gallery) A Big History of Everything H2 (video) Navigating the Periodic Table (video) From Alchemy to Chemistry (article) Learning tips Random facts Related galleries, images, websites, and videos Web links Assessments Unit 3 includes lesson and glossary quizzes. Also included is a required Investigation writing assessment. Lesson Quizzes Glossary Challenge Investigation Writing Actions The Unit Log is required for every unit. Unit Log BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 6
7 BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 3 GUIDE 7
Learning Outcomes 2. Key Concepts 2. Misconceptions and Teaching Challenges 3. Vocabulary 4. Lesson and Content Overview 5
UNIT 1 GUIDE Table of Contents Learning Outcomes 2 Key Concepts 2 Misconceptions and Teaching Challenges 3 Vocabulary 4 Lesson and Content Overview 5 BIG HISTORY PROJECT / UNIT 1 GUIDE 1 Unit 1 What Is
More informationGraspIT Questions AQA GCSE Physics Space physics
A. Solar system: stability of orbital motions; satellites (physics only) 1. Put these astronomical objects in order of size from largest to smallest. (3) Fill in the boxes in the correct order. the Moon
More informationChapter 17 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Star Stuff Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 17 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Star Stuff Star Stuff 17.1 Lives in the Balance Our goals for learning: How does a star's mass affect nuclear fusion? How does a star's mass affect
More informationLIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR First stage = Protostar PROTOSTAR Cloud of gas and dust many light-years across Gravity tries to pull the materials together Eventually, at the center of the ball of dust and gas,
More informationStars and Galaxies. Evolution of Stars
Stars and Galaxies Evolution of Stars What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement
More informationChapter 5. Periodic Law.
Chapter 5 Periodic Law http://www.sciencedump.com/content/new-periodic-table-song Chapter 5.1 History of the Periodic Table 5.1 Objectives Explain the roles of Mendeleev and Moseley in the development
More information17.3 Life as a High-Mass Star
17.3 Life as a High-Mass Star Our goals for learning: What are the life stages of a high-mass star? How do high-mass stars make the elements necessary for life? How does a high-mass star die? What are
More informationThe Universe. Unit 3 covers the following framework standards: ES 8 and 12. Content was adapted the following:
Unit 3 The Universe Chapter 4 ~ The Formation of the Universe o Section 1 ~ The Scale of the Universe o Section 2 ~ The Formation of the Universe o Section 3 ~ The Future of the Universe Chapter 5 ~ Galaxies
More informationLIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR First stage = Protostar PROTOSTAR Cloud of gas and dust many light-years across Gravity tries to pull the materials together Eventually, at the center of the ball of dust and gas,
More informationSOLAR SYSTEM, STABILITY OF ORBITAL MOTIONS, SATELLITES
SOLAR SYSTEM, STABILITY OF ORBITAL MOTIONS, SATELLITES Q1. The figure below shows what scientists over 1000 years ago thought the solar system was like. Give one way that the historical model of the solar
More informationNSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS
NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS 2 BASIC ASTRONOMY, AND STARS AND THEIR EVOLUTION Dr. Karen Kolehmainen Department of Physics CSUSB COURSE WEBPAGE: http://physics.csusb.edu/~karen MOTIONS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
More informationSTARS AND GALAXIES STARS
STARS AND GALAXIES STARS enormous spheres of plasma formed from strong gravitational forces PLASMA the most energetic state of matter; responsible for the characteristic glow emitted by these heavenly
More informationStellar Evolution Notes
Name: Block: Stellar Evolution Notes Stars mature, grow old and die. The more massive a star is, the shorter its life will be. Our Sun will live about 10 billion years. It is already 5 billion years old,
More information1 A Solar System Is Born
CHAPTER 16 1 A Solar System Is Born SECTION Our Solar System California Science Standards 8.2.g, 8.4.b, 8.4.c, 8.4.d BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
More informationName Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core
240 points CHAPTER 29 STARS SECTION 29.1 The Sun (40 points this page) In your textbook, read about the properties of the Sun and the Sun s atmosphere. Use each of the terms below just once to complete
More informationBirth & Death of Stars
Birth & Death of Stars Objectives How are stars formed How do they die How do we measure this The Interstellar Medium (ISM) Vast clouds of gas & dust lie between stars Diffuse hydrogen clouds: dozens of
More informationHigh Mass Stars and then Stellar Graveyard 7/16/09. Astronomy 101
High Mass Stars and then Stellar Graveyard 7/16/09 Astronomy 101 Astronomy Picture of the Day Astronomy 101 Something Cool Betelgeuse Astronomy 101 Outline for Today Astronomy Picture of the Day Something
More informationIntroduction to Cosmology Big Bang-Big Crunch-Dark Matter-Dark Energy The Story of Our Universe. Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer / Space Scientist
Introduction to Cosmology Big Bang-Big Crunch-Dark Matter-Dark Energy The Story of Our Universe Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer / Space Scientist The Age of the Universe Through various measurements
More informationLife Cycle of a Star Worksheet
Life Cycle of a Star Worksheet A STAR IS BORN STAGES COMMON TO ALL STARS All stars start as a nebula. A nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity can pull some of the gas and dust in a nebula together.
More information8/30/2010. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars
Classifying Stars In the early 1900s, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell made some important observations. They noticed that, in general, stars with higher temperatures also have brighter absolute magnitudes.
More information21/11/ /11/2017 Space Physics AQA Physics topic 8
Space Physics AQA Physics topic 8 8.1 Solar System, Orbits and Satellites The eight planets of our Solar System Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune As well as the eight planets, the
More informationEarth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens
Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Beyond Our Solar System Earth Science, 13e Chapter 24 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Properties of stars Distance Distances to the stars are very
More information[11] SD4.1 The student demonstrates an understanding of the theories regarding the origin and evolution of the
A STAR IS BORN Overview: Students will research the four stages of the life cycle of a star then further research the ramifications of the stage of the sun on Earth. Objectives: The student will: research,
More informationLife Cycle of a Star - Activities
Name: Class Period: Life Cycle of a Star - Activities A STAR IS BORN STAGES COMMON TO ALL STARS All stars start as a nebula. A nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity can pull some of the gas
More informationChapter 33 The History of a Star. Introduction. Radio telescopes allow us to look into the center of the galaxy. The milky way
Chapter 33 The History of a Star Introduction Did you read chapter 33 before coming to class? A. Yes B. No You can see about 10,000 stars with the naked eye. The milky way Radio telescopes allow us to
More informationLow mass stars. Sequence Star Giant. Red. Planetary Nebula. White Dwarf. Interstellar Cloud. White Dwarf. Interstellar Cloud. Planetary Nebula.
Low mass stars Interstellar Cloud Main Sequence Star Red Giant Planetary Nebula White Dwarf Interstellar Cloud Main Sequence Star Red Giant Planetary Nebula White Dwarf Low mass stars Interstellar Cloud
More informationProtostars on the HR Diagram. Lifetimes of Stars. Lifetimes of Stars: Example. Pressure-Temperature Thermostat. Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Protostars on the HR Diagram Once a protostar is hot enough to start, it can blow away the surrounding gas Then it is visible: crosses the on the HR diagram The more the cloud, the it will form stars Lifetimes
More informationLESSON 1. Solar System
Astronomy Notes LESSON 1 Solar System 11.1 Structure of the Solar System axis of rotation period of rotation period of revolution ellipse astronomical unit What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the
More informationDecember 18, What do you know about the life of a star?
December 18, 2013 What do you know about the life of a star? Bellwork December 18, 2014 What determines the life cycle and life time of a star? Scale 4 3 2 1 0 I am a 3 and can apply the stages to the
More informationReview: HR Diagram. Label A, B, C respectively
Stellar Evolution Review: HR Diagram Label A, B, C respectively A C B a) A: White dwarfs, B: Giants, C: Main sequence b) A: Main sequence, B: Giants, C: White dwarfs c) A: Main sequence, B: White Dwarfs,
More information1. What is the primary difference between the evolution of a low-mass star and that of a high-mass star?
FYI: The Lives of Stars E3:R6b 1. Read FYI: The Lives of Stars As you read use the spaces below to write down any information you find especially interesting. Also define the bold terms used in the text.
More informationAstronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy
Astronomy 104: Stellar Astronomy Lecture 18: A High-Mass Star s Life and Death (a.k.a. - Things that go BOOM in the night) Spring Semester 2013 Dr. Matt Craig 1 1 Reading Today: Chapter 12.1 (Life and
More informationPost Activity/ Homework Questions: 1. Before a star forms A. Where do you think the gas and dust originally came from?
Critical Thinking Questions: (work on these with a partner) 1. During the formation of a Red Giant Star, the core of a star pushes the outer shell back only enough to make the star larger. However, during
More informationProtostars on the HR Diagram. Lifetimes of Stars. Lifetimes of Stars: Example. Pressure-Temperature Thermostat. Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Protostars on the HR Diagram Once a protostar is hot enough to start, it can blow away the surrounding gas Then it is visible: crosses the on the HR diagram The more the cloud, the it will form stars Lifetimes
More information25.2 Stellar Evolution. By studying stars of different ages, astronomers have been able to piece together the evolution of a star.
25.2 Stellar Evolution By studying stars of different ages, astronomers have been able to piece together the evolution of a star. Star Birth The birthplaces of stars are dark, cool interstellar clouds,
More informationToday. Stars. Evolution of High Mass Stars. Nucleosynthesis. Supernovae - the explosive deaths of massive stars
Today Stars Evolution of High Mass Stars Nucleosynthesis Supernovae - the explosive deaths of massive stars 1 Another good job on exam! Class average was 71% Given the difficulty of the exam, this was
More informationBeyond Our Solar System Chapter 24
Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position
More informationLife and Death of a Star 2015
Life and Death of a Star 2015 Name Date 1. In the main-sequence, the core is slowly shrinking because A. the mass of the star is slowly increasing B. hydrogen fusing to helium makes the core more dense
More informationIn the Beginning. After about three minutes the temperature had cooled even further, so that neutrons were able to combine with 1 H to form 2 H;
In the Beginning Obviously, before we can have any geochemistry we need some elements to react with one another. The most commonly held scientific view for the origin of the universe is the "Big Bang"
More informationChapter 12: The Life Cycle of Stars (contʼd) How are stars born, and how do they die? 4/9/09 Habbal Astro Lecture 25 1
Chapter 12: The Life Cycle of Stars (contʼd) How are stars born, and how do they die? 4/9/09 Habbal Astro 110-01 Lecture 25 1 12.3 Life as a High-Mass Star Learning Goals What are the life stages of a
More informationStar Formation A cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula, begins spinning & heating up. Eventually, it gets hot enough for fusion to take place, and a
Stars Star- large ball of gas held together by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy and shines Sun- our closest star Star Formation A cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula, begins spinning
More informationHow do we measure properties of a star? Today. Some Clicker Questions - #1. Some Clicker Questions - #1
Today Announcements: HW#8 due Friday 4/9 at 8:00 am. The size of the Universe (It s expanding!) The Big Bang Video on the Big Bang NOTE: I will take several questions on exam 3 and the final from the videos
More informationDirected Reading A. Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS THE LIFE CYCLE OF SUNLIKE STARS A TOOL FOR STUDYING STARS.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS (pp. 444 449) 1. Besides by mass, size, brightness, color, temperature, and composition, how are stars classified? a.
More informationDaily Science 03/30/2017
Daily Science 03/30/2017 The atmospheres of different planets contain different gases. Which planet is most likely Earth? a. planet 1 b. planet 2 c. planet 3 d. planet 4 KeslerScience.com Can you name
More informationThe Universe. is space and everything in it.
The Universe is space and everything in it. Galaxies A galaxy is a supercluster of stars, gas, and dust that are held together by gravity. There are three main types of galaxies: Irregular Elliptical Spiral
More informationASTR-101 4/4/2018 Stellar Evolution: Part II Lecture 19
ASTR-101 4/4/2018 Stellar Evolution: Part II Lecture 19 WHEN S THE NEXT TEST?!?!?!? If anyone is following the syllabus, you know that it says there is a test today. The test will be on April 11 th (a
More informationThe Formation of Stars
The Formation of Stars A World of Dust The space between the stars is not completely empty, but filled with very dilute gas and dust, producing some of the most beautiful objects in the sky. We are interested
More informationMissing words: mass hydrogen burning electrostatic repulsion. gravitationally hydrogen temperature protostar
Instructions Fill in the blanks of each frame using the list of missing words given. Cut out each frame and arrange them on your page in order, then stick them down. The first two frames are already in
More informationGravity simplest. fusion
Gravity simplest fusion The life of a star has a complex relationship with gravity: 1. Gravity is what brings the original dust together to make a star 2. Gravity wants to crush the star Gravity pulls
More informationThe Formation of the Solar System
Earth and the Solar System The Formation of the Solar System Write a number beside each picture to rank each from the oldest (1) to the youngest (4). The universe includes everything that exists: all matter,
More informationBirth and Death of Stars. Birth of Stars. Gas and Dust Clouds. Astronomy 110 Class 11
Birth and Death of Stars Astronomy 110 Class 11 Birth of Stars Start in cloud of gas and dust Contraction and Fragmentation Gravitational collapse and heating Protostar and disk Main Sequence Star Gas
More informationReading and Announcements. Read Chapter 14.1, 14.2 Homework #6 due Tuesday, March 26 Exam #2, Thursday, March 28
Reading and Announcements Read Chapter 14.1, 14.2 Homework #6 due Tuesday, March 26 Exam #2, Thursday, March 28 The life of the Sun The Sun started as a cloud of gas. Gravity caused the cloud to collapse.
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical
More information10/26/ Star Birth. Chapter 13: Star Stuff. How do stars form? Star-Forming Clouds. Mass of a Star-Forming Cloud. Gravity Versus Pressure
10/26/16 Lecture Outline 13.1 Star Birth Chapter 13: Star Stuff How do stars form? Our goals for learning: How do stars form? How massive are newborn stars? Star-Forming Clouds Stars form in dark clouds
More informationWhat is the solar system?
Notes Astronomy What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the Solar System Our solar system includes planets and dwarf planets, their moons, a star called the Sun, asteroids and comets. Planets, dwarf
More information1 The Life Cycle of a Star
CHAPTER 1 The Life Cycle of a Star Describe the life cycle of various size stars. Rings of glowing gas encircling Supernova 1987A, about 179,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, one of the
More informationAstro 21 first lecture. stars are born but also helps us study how. Density increases in the center of the star. The core does change from hydrogen to
Astro 21 first lecture The H-R H R Diagram helps us study how stars are born but also helps us study how they die. Stars spend most of their lives as main sequence stars. The core does change from hydrogen
More informationFormation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe
Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted scientific explanation
More informationThe Universe. But first, let s talk about light! 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Universe But first, let s talk about light! Light is fast! The study of light All forms of radiation travel at 300,000,000 meters (186,000 miles) per second Since objects in space are so far away,
More informationBeyond the Solar System 2006 Oct 17 Page 1 of 5
I. Stars have color, brightness, mass, temperature and size. II. Distances to stars are measured using stellar parallax a. The further away, the less offset b. Parallax angles are extremely small c. Measured
More informationStars and Galaxies 1
Stars and Galaxies 1 Characteristics of Stars 2 Star - body of gases that gives off great amounts of radiant energy as light and heat 3 Most stars look white but are actually different colors Antares -
More informationLec 9: Stellar Evolution and DeathBirth and. Why do stars leave main sequence? What conditions are required for elements. Text
1 Astr 102 Lec 9: Stellar Evolution and DeathBirth and Evolution Why do stars leave main sequence? What conditions are required for elements Text besides Hydrogen to fuse, and why? How do stars die: white
More information4 HOW DID THE EARTH FORM?
4 HOW DID THE EARTH FORM? New stars and space debris spinning like pizza dough are a couple of the things that explain the formation of solar systems like ours. In this three-part lecture, David Christian
More informationOutline - March 18, H-R Diagram Review. Protostar to Main Sequence Star. Midterm Exam #2 Tuesday, March 23
Midterm Exam #2 Tuesday, March 23 Outline - March 18, 2010 Closed book Will cover Lecture 8 (Special Relativity) through Lecture 14 (Star Formation) only If a topic is in the book, but was not covered
More informationLate stages of stellar evolution for high-mass stars
Late stages of stellar evolution for high-mass stars Low-mass stars lead a relatively peaceful life in their old age: although some may gently blow off their outer envelopes to form beautiful planetary
More informationCHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES
CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES 28.1 A CLOSER LOOK AT LIGHT Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, which is energy that travels in waves. Waves of energy travel at 300,000 km/sec (speed of light Ex:
More informationLast time: looked at proton-proton chain to convert Hydrogen into Helium, releases energy.
Last time: looked at proton-proton chain to convert Hydrogen into Helium, releases energy. Last time: looked at proton-proton chain to convert Hydrogen into Helium, releases energy. Fusion rate ~ Temperature
More informationFigure 19.19: HST photo called Hubble Deep Field.
19.3 Galaxies and the Universe Early civilizations thought that Earth was the center of the universe. In the sixteenth century, we became aware that Earth is a small planet orbiting a medium-sized star.
More informationLow-mass Stellar Evolution
Low-mass Stellar Evolution The lives of low-mass stars And the lives of massive stars The Structure of the Sun Let s review: The Sun is held together by? The inward force is balanced by? Thinking about
More informationCosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE
Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the universe; its nature, origin and evolution. General Relativity is the mathematical basis of cosmology from which
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Transmutations and the Creation of Elements
Nuclear Chemistry Transmutations and the Creation of Elements Nuclear Fusion When two smaller elements are fused together to form a larger element. Fusion is Hard! There are two competing forces in an
More informationStellar Evolution. The lives of low-mass stars. And the lives of massive stars
Stellar Evolution The lives of low-mass stars And the lives of massive stars The Structure of the Sun Let s review: The Sun is held together by what force? The inward force is balanced by what other force?
More informationName: Space Questions. Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comment s:
Space 2 33 Questions Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comment s: Q. Read the passage. In the SolarSystem, the inner planets, such as the Earth, contain elements which are eavierthan the elements hydrogen
More informationLife and Death of a Star. Chapters 20 and 21
Life and Death of a Star Chapters 20 and 21 90 % of a stars life Most stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence. A star like the Sun, for example, after spending a few tens of millions of years
More informationStars and their properties: (Chapters 11 and 12)
Stars and their properties: (Chapters 11 and 12) To classify stars we determine the following properties for stars: 1. Distance : Needed to determine how much energy stars produce and radiate away by using
More informationChapter 5 Newton s Universe
Chapter 5 Newton s Universe Lecture notes about gravitation Dr. Armen Kocharian Units of Chapter 5 The Idea of Gravity: The Apple and the Moon The Law of Gravity: Moving the Farthest Star Gravitational
More informationThe Universe and Galaxies
The Universe and Galaxies 16.1 http://dingo.care-mail.com/cards/flash/5409/galaxy.swf Universe The sum of all matter and energy that exists, that has ever existed, and that will ever exist. We will focus
More informationSelected Questions from Minute Papers. Outline - March 2, Stellar Properties. Stellar Properties Recap. Stellar properties recap
Black Holes: Selected Questions from Minute Papers Will all the material in the Milky Way eventually be sucked into the BH at the center? Does the star that gives up mass to a BH eventually get pulled
More information*Generally speaking, there are two main life cycles for stars. *The factor which determines the life cycle of the star is its mass.
Generally speaking, there are two main life cycles for stars. The factor which determines the life cycle of the star is its mass. 1 solar mass = size of our Sun Any star less than about three solar masses
More informationHigh Mass Stars. Dr Ken Rice. Discovering Astronomy G
High Mass Stars Dr Ken Rice High mass star formation High mass star formation is controversial! May form in the same way as low-mass stars Gravitational collapse in molecular clouds. May form via competitive
More informationWhat does Dark Matter have to do with the Big Bang Theory?
Gents of Texas A&M What does Dark Matter have to do with the Big Bang Theory? Prof. David Toback Texas A&M University Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy March 2018 Prologue We live
More informationTAKE A LOOK 2. Identify This star is in the last stage of its life cycle. What is that stage?
CHAPTER 15 2 SECTION Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe The Life Cycle of Stars BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do stars change over time?
More informationStars IV Stellar Evolution
Stars IV Stellar Evolution Attendance Quiz Are you here today? Here! (a) yes (b) no (c) my views are evolving on the subject Today s Topics Stellar Evolution An alien visits Earth for a day A star s mass
More information8.8A describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, galaxies and use models such as HR diagrams for classification
8.8A describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, galaxies and use models such as HR diagrams for classification 8.8B recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a
More informationStellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 4
Stellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 4 Chapter 15 1. Emission nebulas emit light because a) they absorb high energy radiation (mostly UV) from nearby bright hot stars and re-emit it in visible wavelengths.
More informationThe Death of Stars. Today s Lecture: Post main-sequence (Chapter 13, pages ) How stars explode: supernovae! White dwarfs Neutron stars
The Death of Stars Today s Lecture: Post main-sequence (Chapter 13, pages 296-323) How stars explode: supernovae! White dwarfs Neutron stars White dwarfs Roughly the size of the Earth with the mass of
More information(Astronomy for Dummies) remark : apparently I spent more than 1 hr giving this lecture
(Astronomy for Dummies) remark : apparently I spent more than 1 hr giving this lecture A.D. 125? Ptolemy s geocentric model Planets ( ) wander among stars ( ) For more info: http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/aeea/contents_list/universe_concepts.html
More informationHow to Build a Habitable Planet Summary. Chapter 1 The Setting
How to Build a Habitable Planet Summary Chapter 1 The Setting The universe as we know it began about 15 billion years ago with an explosion that is called the big bang. There is no record of any prior
More informationExam # 3 Tue 12/06/2011 Astronomy 100/190Y Exploring the Universe Fall 11 Instructor: Daniela Calzetti
Exam # 3 Tue 12/06/2011 Astronomy 100/190Y Exploring the Universe Fall 11 Instructor: Daniela Calzetti INSTRUCTIONS: Please, use the `bubble sheet and a pencil # 2 to answer the exam questions, by marking
More informationþ Tiered questions that probe lower and higher-order thinking þ Differentiated for upper elementary and intermediate students þ Addresses NGSS and
þ Tiered questions that probe lower and higher-order thinking þ Differentiated for upper elementary and intermediate students þ Addresses NGSS and many state science standard concepts By Stephanie Elkowitz
More informationChapters 12 and 13 Review: The Life Cycle and Death of Stars. How are stars born, and how do they die? 4/1/2009 Habbal Astro Lecture 27 1
Chapters 12 and 13 Review: The Life Cycle and Death of Stars How are stars born, and how do they die? 4/1/2009 Habbal Astro 110-01 Lecture 27 1 Stars are born in molecular clouds Clouds are very cold:
More informationUniverse Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System
ASTRONOMY Universe- Includes all known matter (everything). Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth s atmosphere. Galaxy- A large group (billions) of stars (held together by gravity). Our galaxy
More informationStars and Galaxies. Evolution of Stars
chapter 13 3 Stars and Galaxies section 3 Evolution of Stars Before You Read What makes one star different from another? Do you think the Sun is the same as other stars? Write your ideas on the lines below.
More informationBig Bang Theory How the Universe was Formed
Big Bang Theory How the Universe was Formed Objectives Explain the Big Bang Theory. Give evidence to support the Big Bang Theory. Dispel misconceptions about the Big Bang Theory. Explain problems with
More informationAstronomy Ch. 21 Stellar Explosions. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 21 Stellar Explosions MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A surface explosion on a white dwarf, caused
More informationM42 (The Orion Nebula) and M43
3.4b demonstrate an understanding that emission nebulae, absorption nebulae and open clusters are associated with the birth of stars 3.4c demonstrate an understanding that planetary nebulae and supernovae
More informationORIGIN OF THE ELEMENETS
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE ORIGIN OF THE ELEMENETS Watch Video: The Origin of the Elements The ordinary matter in our universe (known as baryonic matter) is made up of 94 naturally occurring elements. It is
More information1. Four different processes are described in List A. The names of these processes are given in List B.
Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion 1. Four different processes are described in List A. The names of these processes are given in List B. Draw a line to link each description in List A to its correct name
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a
More informationToday. Stars. Properties (Recap) Binaries. Stellar Lifetimes
Today Stars Properties (Recap) Binaries Stellar Lifetimes 1 Exam Review Session This Tuesday, 6-8 PM, PHYS 1410 (the large lecture hall next to ours) Completely driven by your questions! The TAs will not
More information