JOB$ IN THE DRUG INDUSTRY

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Kelley Griffin
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1 JOB$ IN THE DRUG INDUSTRY A Career Guide for Chemists Richard Friary Schering-Plough Research Institute Kenilworth, New Jersey ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science and Technology Company San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo

2 CONTENTS DISCLAIMER DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOREWORD PREFACE ABOUT THE AUTHOR xi xiii XV xvii xix xxiii 1. ENTICEMENTS: WHY ORGANIC CHEMISTS WORK IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 1 1 Prerequisites 5 Primacy of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Drug Discovery and Development 5 The Importance of Chemical Synthesis 7 Future of the Pharmaceutical Industry 9 Altruism as the Unique Appeal of the Pharmaceutical Industry 12 Attractions of the Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries 13 Benefits 13 Salaries ELEMENTS OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT Profile of the Pharmaceutical Businesses 42 Time to Market 42 What Drug Discovery and Development Cost 42

3 Contents Contents vil Benefits of Patents Likelihood of Success Competition Complexity Kinds of Drugs, Companies, and Therapeutic Areas Drug Categories Nucleus of the Pharmaceutical Industry Drug Discovery Firms and Start-Up Pharmaceutical Companies Therapeutic Areas Discovery and Development of Drugs Stratagems Tactics Organization of Discovery and Development Chemical Research Work Assignments Transferability The Project Team as an Organizing Principle Function and Matrix Organization Consolidation and Fragmentation in the Pharmaceutical Industry Economic Forces Outsourcing Science Start-Up Companies JOBS IN THE DRUG INDUSTRY Effects of Outsourcing on Employment Opportunities Prerequisites and Experience Over- and Underqualifications Research Classifications Discovery Research Medicinal Chemistry Natural Products Structural Chemistry Drug Metabolism Radiochemistry Service Groups Analytical Chemistry Compound Registration 82 Cheminformatics 83 Patent Coordinators 84 Patent Agents and Attorneys 85 Chemical Information 85 Synthetic Services 86 Profiling and Identification 86 Chromatography and Separations Science 87 Regulatory Affairs 87 Development Research 88 Natural Products 89 Bioorganic Catalysis 89 Safety 90 Temporary Jobs 90 Satellite Companies, Government Agencies, and Nonprofit Institutes 91 Service Firms 92 Scientific Advising 94 Chemical Development and Manufacturing 94 Fine Chemicals 95 Automated Synthesis 95 Software Development and Molecular Modeling 95 The Food and Drug Administration 96 The U.S. Patent and Trade Office 96 The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research 97 The National Institutes of Health 97 Miscellaneous Posts DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHEMICAL RESEARCH: COMMON FEATURES 101 : What You Should Know about the Job You Seek 101 The Basics 103 Performance and Productivity 104 Aids to Productivity J06 Goal Setting 107 Budgeting 208 Internal Meetings jog

4 Contents Contents Ix Communicating Results, Plans, Problems, and Persona Reporting Results Publishing The Importance of Being Visible Patenting Your Work Patents Defined Types of Patents Patentability Organizational Structure of Patents Inventorship 5. DISCOVERY RESEARCH: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY : One Day in the Work of a Medicinal Chemist A Fictional Account Organization, or Who Chooses What Getting Started Discovery Research Common Goals of Discovery Chemists Lead Compounds Making Target Compounds Submitting Compounds for Biological Testing Satisfactions and Successes Metamorphosis: Synthetic Organic Chemist to Medicinal Chemist 6. CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGE IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Chemical Development Information Resources Scope Timing Purposes of Chemical Development Bulk Supplies A Manufacturing Synthesis Organization By Discipline By Assignment By Developmental Project Teams Process Research and Development Equipment Changed Techniques and Conditions Reforms Elements of a Suitable Manufacturing Synthesis Specifications Safety Soundness Sourcing and Cost of Raw Materials Costing a Synthesis Efficiency, Brevity, and the Arithmetic Fiend Throughput Robustness Regulation Satisfactions and Successes 7. QUALIFYING AND SEARCHING FOR JOBS IN THE DRUG INDUSTRY What You Need to Know and Show Common Prerequisites Personal Qualities Qualifications Why Read about Visas? Work Visas in the United States Role of the American Chemical Society in Job Searches Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) Career Services Finding Job Openings Print Advertisements for Chemists Corporate Web Sites Other Job Banks Corporate Job Lines Job Alerts by Networking

5 Contents 8. EVALUATING COMPANIES AND JOB OFFERS Criteria for Evaluating Companies Corporate Status and Future Geography Forms of Compensation Other Than Salary Career Prospects Benefits beyond Salary and Other Compensation APPENDIX A Arthur C. Cope Award ACS Award for Creative Work in Synthetic Organic Chemistry Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry The Ernest Guenther Award in the Chemistry of Natural Products Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods International Aspirin Prize for Solidarity through Chemistry APPENDIX B Kinds of Indexed Organizations Contents of Each Entry Excluded Information "... a tide... leads on to fortune" Sources Geographical Index of the North American Pharmaceutical Industry Canada The United States of America Name Index of the North American Pharmaceutical Industry INDEX 349

Agricultural. Chemistry. Agricultural production: crops and livestock Agrichemicals development: herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers, etc.

Agricultural. Chemistry. Agricultural production: crops and livestock Agrichemicals development: herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers, etc. Agricultural Agricultural production: crops and livestock Agrichemicals development: herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers, etc. Agrichemicals testing Environmental testing Regulation Government: