MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

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1 FINAL REVIEW

2 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES VIDEO ATOM Smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. ELEMENT A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made up of one type of atom. COMPOUND A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

3 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES VIDEO CHEMICAL PROPERTY A substance s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Rusting Burning PHYSICAL PROPERTY A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Melting point Boiling point Silver tarnishing

4

5 DENSITY Density = Mass / volume OR D = M / V Density is the ration of mass to volume.

6 ATOMS: BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER VIDEO PROTON +1 Charge Found in the nucleus 1 AMU NEUTRON No charge Found in the nucleus 1 AMU ELECTRON -1 Charge Found outside of the nucleus Negligible mass

7 ATOMS: BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER VIDEO ATOMIC # = # of protons Element Symbol AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS = weighted average of isotope of the # of protons + Neutrons

8 ATOMS: BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER VIDEO

9 ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS IN ATOMS VIDEO ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: S orbitals = 2 electrons max P orbitals = 6 electrons max D orbitals = 10 electrons max F orbitals = 14 electrons max Noble gas configuration- Put the Noble gas in the row BEFORE the Element you want, in [ ] and then The electron config for everything After that noble gas.

10 ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS IN ATOMS VIDEO

11 PERIODIC LAW VIDEO

12 PERIODIC LAW VIDEO

13 PERIODIC LAW VIDEO

14 CHEMICAL BONDING VIDEO COVALENT Results from the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Non-polar covalent bonds- Even sharing of electrons in a covalent bond Polar covalent-covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons IONIC Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions. Between a metal and a non-metal Formula unit is the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compounds formula can be established. METALLIC The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons.

15 CHEMICAL BONDING

16 LEWIS STRUCTURE VIDEO LEWIS STRUCTURE Formulas in which atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons. Single bond- a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. Double bond- covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. Represented by two parallel lines. Triple bond- a covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. Represented by three parallel lines.

17 LEWIS STRUCTURE VIDEO DRAWING LEWIS STRUCTURES Step 1: Determine the total number of valence electrons. Step 2: Write the skeleton structure of the molecule. Step 3: Use two valence electrons to form each bond in the skeleton structure. Step 4: Try to satisfy the octets of the atoms by distributing the remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons.

18 LEWIS STRUCTURE VIDEO

19 CHEMICAL REACTIONS VIDEO How do you know a chemical reaction happened? Gas formed Color changed Heat was produced Precipitate formed Odor formed

20 BALANCING CHEMICAL REACTIONS VIDEO

21 BALANCING CHEMICAL REACTIONS VIDEO

22 MOLE RATIO AND STOICHIOMETRY VIDEO

23 MOLE RATIO AND STOICHIOMETRY VIDEO

24 MOLE RATIO AND STOICHIOMETRY VIDEO First step in stoichiometry is to ALWAYS balance the equation!!

25 MOLE RATIO AND STOICHIOMETRY VIDEO

26 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

27 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

28 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

29 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

30 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

31 GAS LAWS VIDEO 1

32 GAS LAWS VIDEO 1 ALWAYS USE KELVIN!!!!!!!!

33 GAS LAWS VIDEO 1

34 THERMOCHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 Endothermic-Energy is put into the System. Heat is a reactant. Exothermic-Energy is given off from The system. Heat is a product.

35 THERMOCHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 Heat flows from the warmer object To the cooler object. If temperature goes up, energy goes up. If temperature goes down, energy goes down.

36 THERMOCHEMISTRY VIDEO 1

37 ph VIDEO 1 ph < 7 is acidic ph > 7 is basic ph = 7 is neutral

38 ph VIDEO 1

39 Kinetics VIDEO 1 Reactants have more potential Energy than the products. Energy is given off in the reaction.

40 Kinetics VIDEO 1 Products have more potential Energy than the reactants. Energy is absorbed in the reaction.

41 Kinetics VIDEO 1

42 Kinetics VIDEO 1

43 EQUILIBRIUM VIDEO 1

44 EQUILIBRIUM VIDEO 1

45 ELECTROCHEMISTRY VIDEO 1 Salts like Sodium Chloride, NaCl, break up into ions (Na+ and Cl-) and conduct Electricity in solution. Compounds that do not come Apart like sugar, do not conduct Electricity well in solution.

46 ELECTROCHEMISTRY VIDEO 1

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