BIOB111 - Tutorial activities for session 8

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1 BIOB111 - Tutorial activities for session 8 General topics for week 4 Session 8 Physical and chemical properties and examples of these functional groups (methyl, ethyl in the alkyl family, alkenes and alkynes, halogen functional groups General tutorial questions: 1. I) Explain why alkanes are insoluble in water. II) The vast majority of the atoms within fats and oils are hydrogens and carbons. Are fats and oils soluble or insoluble in water? Why/Why not? 2. The common feature found in all unsaturated hydrocarbons is: a) One or more carbon-carbon triple bonds b) One or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds c) One or more rings of carbon atoms d) One or more carbon-carbon double bonds 3. Which of the following is a property of alkanes? a) Low solubility in water b) Contain more oxygen atoms than water c) High solubility in water d) More polar than water 4. When a compound contains a C = C bond, the functional group of the compound is an: a) Alkyl Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 1 of 9

2 b) Alkene c) Alkyne 5. What type of hydrocarbon is a compound that contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C)? a) Saturated b) Unsaturated c) Polyunsaturated 6. Which molecule reacts with ethene (H 2C = CH 2) in a hydration reaction? a) H 2 b) Cl 2 c) H 2O 7. What is the product compound when ethene (H 2C = CH 2) undergoes a hydration reaction? a) An alcohol b) A halogenated alkane c) A saturated alkane 8. Which of the following represents the structure of ethanol? a) CH 3 CH 2 OH b) CH 3- OH c) CH 3 CH 2 Cl 9. For the following reaction, select a correct product from the options below: a) An alkane is formed b) An alkene is formed c) An aromatic hydrocarbon is formed d) An alkyne is formed Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 2 of 9

3 Conceptual multiple choice questions: 10. Concept: Solubility of hydrocarbons in H 2O Context: Alkanes are non-polar as they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. In comparison, H 2O is a polar compound, as the bonds that connect the oxygen and hydrogen atoms have unequal electron sharing. For a substance to be soluble (dissolve) in another substance (solvent), both substances must share the same type of polarity. Question: Which of the following accurately explains the solubility of an alkane in H 2O? a) The non-polar alkane is insoluble (does not dissolve) in the polar H 2O b) The polar alkane is soluble (dissolves) in the polar H 2O c) The non-polar alkane is soluble (dissolves) in the polar H 2O d) The polar alkane is insoluble (does not dissolve) in the polar H 2O 11. Concept: Creation of CFC compounds Context: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are compounds that were previously used as refrigerants, but are now used much less due to their detrimental effect on the ozone layer. CFCs contain a central carbon atom connected to four halogen atoms. Question: Which of the following explains how a CFC compound is created? a) Only one halogenation reaction is needed to replace the four hydrogen atoms within the alkane with halogen atoms b) Alkanes can not accept any halogen atoms, so CFCs can only be created from alkenes c) An alkane undergoes a series of halogenation reactions, with each halogenation reaction displacing one hydrogen and adding a halogen atom in its place d) Only alkynes can be used to create CFCs, as they are the most reactive type of hydrocarbon Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 3 of 9

4 12. Concept: Alkyl groups Context: Alkanes are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms Question: Which of the following best describes an alkyl group? a) After an alkane compound such as methane loses a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group is formed which can to attach to another compound via a new chemical bond b) Only saturated hydrocarbons such as ethane can form alkyl groups when they form an extra bond to a hydrogen atom c) After an alkene compound such as ethene loses a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group is formed which can to attach to another compound via a new chemical bond d) Only unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethene can form alkyl groups when they form an extra bond to a carbon chain after losing a hydrogen atom 13. Concept: Reactivity of saturated vs unsaturated hydrocarbons Context: The likelihood that a compound will undergo a chemical reaction depends on how stable or reactive the compound is in the presence of another reactant compound. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo different chemical reactions, as they have different levels of reactivity towards different compounds. Question: Which of the following best explains the difference in reactivity between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? a) Saturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons, as single carbon-carbon bonds can be broken more easily than double or triple bonds b) Saturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons, as each of the hydrogens attached to the saturated hydrocarbon can be easily replaced by other atoms c) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons, as unsaturated hydrocarbons contain no single carbon-carbon bonds d) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons, as their double or triple carbon-carbon bonds can be broken in chemical reactions 14. Concept: Alkanes vs alkenes vs alkynes Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 4 of 9

5 Context: Differences in the carbon-carbon bonding arrangements within hydrocarbons is the distinction between the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. An alkane, alkene or alkyne compound with four carbons each have a different number of hydrogen atoms. Question: For a four carbon hydrocarbon does the alkane, alkene or alkyne compound possess the most hydrogen atoms and why? a) The alkane compound contains the most hydrogen atoms, as it has the most room to take on hydrogen atoms with only single carbon-carbon bonds b) The alkene compound contains the most hydrogens, as its double bond can be broken to take on additional hydrogens c) The alkyne compound contains the most hydrogens, as its triple bond can be broken to take on additional hydrogens d) Both the alkene and alkyne compounds possess more hydrogens than the alkane compound, due to the presence of the double and triple bonds, respectively 15. Concept: Alkanes vs alkenes vs alkynes Context: Differences in the carbon-carbon bonding arrangements within hydrocarbons is the distinction between the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. An alkane, alkene or alkyne compound with four carbons each have a different number of hydrogen atoms. Question: For a four carbon hydrocarbon does the alkane, alkene or alkyne compound possess the least hydrogen atoms and why? a) The alkane compound contains the least hydrogen atoms, as it has the most room to take on hydrogen atoms with only single carbon-carbon bonds b) The alkene compound contains the least hydrogens, as its double bond takes up positions that hydrogens could occupy c) The alkyne compound contains the least hydrogens, as its triple bond takes up positions that hydrogens could occupy d) Both the alkene and alkyne compounds possess more hydrogens than the alkane compound, due to the presence of the double and triple bonds, respectively 16. Concept: Conversion between the hydrocarbon functional groups (alkane, alkene and alkyne) Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 5 of 9

6 Context: The three functional groups of hydrocarbons that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms are alkane, alkene and alkyne. Through the use of chemical reactions, it is possible for an alkane to become an alkyne and vice versa. Question: How is an alkyne converted to an alkane? a) Hydration reactions are needed to convert an alkyne to an alkene, as the reaction removes double carbon-carbon bonds and replaces them with oxygen and hydrogen atoms b) One hydrogenation reaction is required to convert an alkyne to an alkane, with the reaction breaking two carbon-carbon bonds and replacing it with two hydrogen atoms c) Hydration reactions are needed to convert an alkyne to an alkene, as the reaction removes double carbon-carbon bonds and replaces them with hydrogen atoms d) Two hydrogenation reactions are required to convert an alkyne to an alkane, with each hydrogenation reaction breaking a carbon-carbon bond and replacing it with two hydrogen atoms 17. Concept: Bromination reactions Context: In a bromination reaction an alkene is added to a red bromine solution, but the red colour quickly disappears. However, if an alkane is added to a red bromine solution, the red colour is maintained. Question: Which of the following best explains the results described above (in the context)? a) The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkane readily, so there is no red bromine left in solution when the alkane is present b) The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkane readily, so the bromine solution remains red when the alkane is present c) The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkene readily, so there is no red bromine left in solution when the alkene is present d) The bromine atoms are incorporated into the alkene readily, so the bromine solution remains red when the alkene is present 18. Concept: Properties of benzene Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 6 of 9

7 Context: Benzene has a ring structure much like other cyclic hydrocarbons but the arrangement of bonds within the ring makes benzene unique. Question: Which of the following best describes the structure of the benzene ring? a) The benzene ring contains six carbons and three double carbon-carbon bonds, with the double bonds evenly spaced out in the ring structure b) The benzene ring contains eight carbons and eight double carbon-carbon bonds, with all of the carbon-carbon bonds in the structure being double bonds c) The benzene ring contains six carbons and six double carbon-carbon bonds, with all of the carbon-carbon bonds in the structure being double bonds d) The benzene ring contains eight carbons and four double carbon-carbon bonds, with the double bonds evenly spaced out in the ring structure 19. Concept: Properties of benzene Context: The stability of the benzene ring was a discovery that initially baffled scientists. Scientists thought benzene should be reactive as it resembled a cyclic alkene, more than a stable alkane. Question: Which of the following accurately explains the stability of the benzene ring? a) The electrons associate with the carbon atoms in the benzene ring more than the attached hydrogen atoms, which makes the structure stable b) Having both single and double bonds that are fixed and do not change position makes benzene unreactive c) Having double bonds that are fixed and do not change position makes benzene unreactive Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 7 of 9

8 d) The electrons associated with the carbon atoms in the benzene ring are equally shared by each of the carbons in the ring structure, as the position of the double carbon-carbon bonds continually changes 20. Concept: Identifying primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols Context: Compounds that contain a single alcohol group, can be divided into the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. The number of carbons directly bonded to the carbon attached to the alcohol functional group (aka hydroxyl group) specifies which of these groups the compound belongs to. Question: Which of the following compounds is a secondary alcohol? a) b) c) d) 21. Concept: Hydration reactions Context: Addition reactions allow additional atoms to be incorporated into a compound at the expense of some of the old chemical bonds. The addition of new atoms into a compound has the potential to change the compound s functional group. Question: What happens to an alkene when it undergoes a hydration reaction? Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 8 of 9

9 a) Two of the carbon to hydrogen bonds are broken which allows two H 2O molecules to attach to the alkene compound b) One of the carbon to carbon bonds within the alkene is broken which allows the alkene to form new connections with two hydrogen atoms, creating an alkane compound c) One of the carbon to carbon bonds within the alkene is broken which allows the alkene to form new connections with two halogen atoms, creating a halogenated alkane compound d) One of the carbon to carbon bonds within the alkene is broken which allows the alkene to form new connections to an OH group and a hydrogen atom, creating an alcohol compound Last updated on 23-Feb-18 Page 9 of 9

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