Reading Skill Practice
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1 system. This process is explained on page 698. create a flowchart that describes the steps for naming branched-chain alkanes using the IUPAC A flowchart can help you to remember the order in which events occur. On a separate. sheet of paper, Reading Skill Practice Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds 239 common name Alkynes (page 703) 7. is the simplest alkyne, and is also known by the bonds between carbons are called alkynes. 6. Hydrocarbons that contain one or more covalent carbon double bond. 5. Is the following sentence true or false? Rotation can occur around a carbon b. 2-methyl-3-methyl-2-pentene d. 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2-butene a. 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentene c. 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene CH3 CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 4. Circle the letter of the correct name for the alkene shown below. carbon atoms are called compounds. 2. Organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per 3. Which family of hydrocarbons are always saturated compounds? 1. What is an alkene? Alkenes (page 702) hydrocarbons. It also describes the difference between alkenes and alkynes. This section explains the dfference between unsaturated and saturated SECTION 22.2 UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS (pages ) Name Date Class
2 c. 2-methyipropane b. acetylene a. 1-butene 8. Circle the letter of each compound that is an aliphatic compound. CHAPTER 22, Hydrocarbon Compounds (continued) 240 Guided Reading and Study Workbook lower boiling point? 5. In general, what determines which of two structural isomers will have the 4. Name the structural isomers of C4H How many structural isomers are there for C4H10? physical properties. 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Structural isomers have the same 1. What are structural isomers? Structural Isomers (page 704) carbons in stereoisomers. stereoisomers. It also describes how to identify the asymmetric carbon or This section explains how to distinguish among structural, geometric, and SECTION 22.3 ISOMERS (pages ) in a carbon carbon triple bond is Is the following sentence true or false? The angle between the carbon atoms C8 C7 C6 Number of Carbons Alkane Alkene Alkyne occurs between the first two carbons. and ailcynes. For the alkenes and alkynes, assume that the multiple bond 10. Complete the table below with the names of the indicated alkanes, alkenes, 9. What are the major attractive forces between alkane, alkene, or alkyne molecules? Name Date Class CI
3 b. a. 6. Stereoisomers differ only in the 7. What two things need to be present for geometric isomers to exist? in space. Stereolsomers (pages ) Name Date Class 0 -d Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds 241 CH3 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH CH CH3 14. Circle the two asymmetric carbons in the structure shown below. 13. Look at Figure 22.9 on page 705. Why are these two molecules optical isomers? similar to that between right and left hands. 12. Is the following sentence true or false? The relationship of optical isomers is 10. Mirror images of a right hand and a left hand cannot be indistinguishable from the original object. 9. Objects that are 11. What is an asymmetric carbon? will produce a reflection that is 8. What are the names of the molecules represented by the bail-and-stick models below?
4 a b explains the bonding in benzene. This section describes how to identify and classify cyclic hydrocarbons. It also CHAPTER 22, Hydrocarbon Compounds (continued) 242 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 12. When is a substituent on an alkane, it is called a phenyl group. and double bonds 11 The actual bonds in a benzene ring are identical of single CD molecules that do not exhibit resonance 10 Molecules that exhibit resonance are more than similar CD 6. Benzene has the chemical formula. like that of benzene is called an aromatic compound. 8 Another name for an aromatic compound is a(an) 9 What does it mean to say that benzene exhibits resonance 2 7. Is the following sentence true or false? Any substance that has carbon carbon bonding I 5 What is the origin of the name aromatic compounds 2 Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pages ) 0 single carbon carbon bonds are called cycloalkanes. 4. Is the following sentence true or false? Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain only c d carbons. 2. The most abundant cyclic hydrocarbons contain 3. What are the names of the cyclic hydrocarbons represented below? or 1. What is a cyclic hydrocarbon? cyclic Hydrocarbons (page 709) Name Date Class SECTION 22.4 HYDROCARBON RINGS (pages )
5 - c. ethylbenzene b. dimethylbenzeiw a. ethyihexene 13. Circle the letter of the name of the co,npiu IJp*W*) lwlow. Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds Which noble gas is found in natural gas? 4. What are the four main components ot natural gas? hydrocarbons. 3. Petroleum and natural gas contain mostly 2. List three factors needed to produce fos1t iuu) from organic residue. 1. What are fossil fuels? Natural Gas (page 712) petroleum, and coal. This section describes the origin, composition, mid usvs of natural gas, SECTION 22.5 HYDROCARBONS FROM EARTH S CRUST (pages ) 17. ortho b para c L4 16. meta a What is another name for the dimethyliwnit4ncs? they represent. Match the terms for naming a disubstituwd Wfthi the substituent positions 15. Why do disubstituted benzenes a1way htt dft*r tnwwral isomers? 14. Derivatives of benzene that have substituents are called disubstituted benzenes. Name I)att Class
6 c. ethylbenzene b. dimethylbenzene H2CH3 a. ethyihexene 13. Circle the letter of the name of the compound shown below. Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds Which noble gas is found in natural gas? 4. What are the four main components of natural gas? hydrocarbons. 3 Petroleum and natural gas contain mostly 2 List three factors needed to produce fossil fuels from organic residue = 1. What are fossil fuels? Natural Gas (page712) petroleum, and coal. This section describes the origin, composition, and uses of natural gas, (pages ) SECTION 22.5 HYDROCARBONS FROM EARTH S CRUST 17. ortho b. 1,3 18. para c. 1,4 16. meta a. 1,2 19. What is another name for the dimethylbenzenes? they represent. Match the terms for naming a disubstituted benzene with the substituent positions 15. Why do disubstituted benzenes always have three structural isomers? called disubstituted benzenes. 14. Derivatives of benzene that have substituents are Name Date Class
Name Date Class HYDROCARBONS
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