POLYMERS
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1 POLYMERS Short Aswer Questios: **1.What is PHBV? How is it useful to ma? As. PHBV is Poly β-hydroxy butyrate-co- β-hydroxy valerate.it is a biodegradable polymer. It is used i speciality packig, orthopaedic devices ad i cotrolled release of drugs. **.)Write the ames ad structures of moomers of the followig polymers? a..bakelite ad b. Nylo- 6,6. As. S. No. Polymer Moomer a. Bakelite Pheol [ OH ] ad Formaldehyde (HCHO). b. Nylo-6, 6 Hexa methyleediamie [H N (CH ) 6 NH ] ad Adipic acid [HOOC (CH ) 4 COOH] **3. What is PDI? As. The ratio betwee weight average molecular mass ad the umber average molecular mass of a polymer is called poly dispersity idex. M PDI = M w The value of PDI for polymers is i betwee 1 ad 1.5. *4. What is Ziegler-Natta catalyst? Give its use? As. TiCl 4 ad Al (CH 3 ) 3 is Ziegler-Natta catalyst. It is used i the polymerisatio of ethylee i to TiCl4 Al( CH3) 3 polythee. CH = CH + ( CH CH ) Ethee Polythee *5.What are additio ad codesatio polymers? Give example? As. The polymers formed by the repeated additio of moomer molecules possessig double or Triple bods are called additio polymers. E.g., Polythee, polystyree... etc. Equatio for polythee preparatio is TiCl4 ( 3 ) 3 CH CH + Al CH ( Ethee = CH CH ) Polythee
2 The polymers formed by the repeated codesatio reactio betwee two differet bi- or tri- fuctioal moomeric species are called codesatio polymers. E.g., Terylee, ylo-6, 6 etc. Equatio for ylo-6, 6 preparatio is HOOC (CH ) 4 COOH + H N (CH ) 6 NH HN(CH ) 6 NH CO (CH ) 4 CO H O 6. What are Elastomers ad fibres? As. Elastomers: Rubber like solids i which the Polymer chais are held by very week Va der Waals forces ad show elastic properties are called as elastomers. E.g.: Bua N rubber, Bua S, Neopree etc. Fibres: Thread formig solids i which the Polymer chais are held by strog forces like Hydroge bodig are called fibres. E.g.: Polyamides, Nylo-6,6, Polyesters. Terylee (or) Dacro. *7. Defie thermoplastics ad thermosettig polymers with two examples of each? Effect of heat o these polymers is the basis of this classificatio. As. Thermoplastic polymers: Those polymers (liear or slightly brached log chai molecules), which are capable of softeig o heatig ad hardeig o coolig are called thermoplastics. E.g.: polythee, polyviyl chloride, polystyree etc. Thermosettig polymers: Those polymers (cross liked or heavily brached molecules), Which o heatig do ot softe ad caot be remoulded are called thermosettig polymers. O heatig they udergo extesive cross-likig i moulds ad become ifusible. E.g.: bakelite, urea- formaldehyde resis etc.
3 8. How ca you differetiate betwee additio ad codesatio polymerizatio? As. Additio polymerizatio Codesatio polymerizatio 1. Moomer uits have a double bod or 1. Moomer uits have specific triple bod i their molecules. These fuctioal group which represet their represet their fuctioality. fuctioality. It is geerally chai growth polymerizatio..itisgeerallystepgrowthpolymerizatio. 3. It doesot ivolves the elimiatio of small 3. It ivolves the elimiatio of small molecules like H O, NH 3 etc. molecules like H O, NH 3 etc. 9*.) What are the moomeric repeatig uits of ylo-6 ad ylo-6, 6? As. Moomeric repeatig uits of ylo-6 is caprolactam. which is derived from Moomeric repeatig uit of ylo-6, 6 is moomers hexamethylee diamie ad adipic acid. which is derived from *10. What is a biodegradable polymer? Give a example of biodegradable aliphatic polyester. As. A polymer that is decomposed over a log period of time either by itself or by the actio of microorgaisms is called biodegradable polymer. Use of such polymer ad their disposal does ot create evirometal problems. Example: Poly β-hydroxy butyrate-co β- hydroxy valerate (PHBV) *11. Write the ame ad structure of oe of the commo iitiators used i free radical additio polymerizatio? As. The commo iitiators used i free radical additio polymerizatio is Bezyol peroxide i.e..
4 1. Explai the differece betwee bua-n ad bua-s. As. Bua-N ad bua-s both are sythetic rubbers ad copolymers. These two differ i their compositio. Bua-N: Costituets are buta-1, 3-diee ad acryloitrile. Bua-S: Costituets are buta-1, 3-diee ad styree. 13. Give the structure of ylo ylo 6. As. Nylo ylo 6 is a biodegradable polymer. It is a alteratig copolymer obtaied by the codesatio of glycie ad amio caproic acid. It is chemically a polyamide. Structure of ylo ylo 6 is give as: N CH C N (CH ) 5 C H O H O *14.What is vulcaizatio of rubber? As. The process of heatig raw rubber with sulphur ad a appropriate additive at a temperature rage 373K to 415K to improve its physical properties is kow as vulcaizatio. Durig vulcaizatio sulphur forms cross liks at the reactive sites of double bods ad thus rubber gets stiffeed. **15. Write the moomers used for gettig the followig polymers. (i) Polyviyl chloride (ii) Teflo (iii) Bakelite. As. i. The moomer used i poly viyl chloride is viyl chloride i.e. ii. The moomer used i Teflo is Tetra fluoro ethee i.e. iii. The moomers used i Bakelite are ad.
5 16. Explai the term copolymerizatio ad give two examples. As. Copolymerizatio: It is the polymerizatio reactio i which more tha oe type of moomers polymerize to form a copolymer. Examples: (i) Bua-S: Copolymer of moomers 1, 3-butadiee ad styree. (ii) Bua-N: Copolymer of moomers 1, 3-butadiee ad acryloitrile. 17. Distiguish betwee the terms homo polymer ad copolymer ad give a example of each. As. Homo polymer: a polymer, i which a sigle type of moomer is used, is called homo polymer. E.g. Polythee, polystyree etc. Copolymer: A polymer i which the moomers are more tha oe type is called copolymer. E.g., bua-s, bua-n etc. 18. Give oe example for atural, sythetic ad semi-sythetic polymers? As. Natural polymers: Those polymers which are foud i plats ad aimals are called Natural polymers. E.g., starch, cellulose, proteis etc. Sythetic polymers: These are sythesized with the help of chemicals i idustries E.g.: polythee, ylo-6, 6, sythetic rubber etc. Semi sythetic polymers: These are the sythetic derivatives of the atural polymers. E.g.: Cellulose acetate (Rayo) ad cellulose itrate.
6 *19. What are Number average ad weight average molecular mass of polymers? A polymer cotais 10 molecules with molecular mass 10,000 ad 10 molecules with molecular mass Calculate the umber average molecular weight? As. Number average molecular mass ( M ); Let the umber of particles of mass M 1 be N 1, mass M be N, etc., i a polymer. i. The umber average molecular weight of the polymer, NM M = N M N = N i i i = 1 = 1 + N M N ii. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer, ( M w ) : NM M = N M N M = w + N M i i i i = 1 = 1 NM N M Number average molecular mass, NM + N M 10X X = = = 55, M N1 N
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