Practical Approaches using TDCR Measurements and Alpha/Beta Separation
|
|
- Gabriel Allen
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Practical Approaches using TDCR Measurements and Alpha/Beta Separation Jost Eikenberg, Maya Jäggi, Andreas Brand Division for Radiation Protection and Safety Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen
2
3 Overview / Topics TDCR standardization measurements with typical isotopes from the nuclear fuel cycle Presentation of a radiochemical method for simultaneous determination of 210 Pb and 226 Ra+ 228 Ra Simultaneous determination of 241 Pu (β-emitter) and 238 Pu, 239 Pu+ 240 Pu (-emitter) in nuclear materials
4 TDCR standardization measurements LSC measurements using pure β-emitting isotopes: 3 H, 63 Ni, 14 C, 36 Cl and 90 Sr/ 90 Y (isotopes in the order of increasing β-energy) Presentation of unquenched vs. quenched data
5 TDCR vs. Efficiency: all isotopes TDCR vs Efficiency: all nuclides, unquenched data rel. TDCR rel. efficiency
6 Tritium: 3 H (E max : 18.6 kev) TDCR vs Efficiency: H rel. TDCR rel. efficiency
7 63 Ni (E max : 65.9 kev) TDCR vs Efficiency: Ni rel. TDCR rel. efficiency
8 Radiocarbon: 14 C (E max : 156 kev) TDCR vs Efficiency: C rel. TDCR rel. efficiency
9 36 Cl: (E max : 709 kev) TDCR vs Efficiency: Cl rel. TDCR rel. efficiency
10 90 Sr/ 90 Y (E max : 546/2280 kev) TDCR vs Efficiency: Sr rel. TDCR rel. efficiency
11 Environmental application: determination of 228 Ra, 226 Ra and 210 Pb in aqueous samples using TDCR measurement technique and /β-separation
12 238 U-Series 235 U-Series 232 Th-Series U Pa Th Ac Ra Fr Rn At Po Bi Pb Tl 238 U 234 U 4.47x10 9 y β 2.45x10 5 y 234 Pa β Th 1.17min Th 24.1d 7.54x10 4 y Ra 1600y Rn 3.825d Po 214 Po 210 Po min β 214 Bi 19.9min 214 β Pb 26.8min 22.3y 1.6x10-4 s β 138.4d Bi 5.01d 210 β Pb 206 Pb stable 235 U 7.04x10 8 y Pa β 3.28x10 4 y 231 Th Th 1.06d 18.7d 227 β Ac y Ra 11.4d Rn 3.96s Po 1.8x10-3 s Pb 207 Pb 36.1min β 232 Th 228 Th 1.41x10 10 y β 1.91y 228 Ac β Ra 5.75y 6.13h Ra 3.66d Rn 55.6s Po 212 Po 211 Bi 212 Bi 2.14min stable 212 Pb 208 Pb 207 β 208 Tl Tl 4.77min 0.15s 66.3% β β 1.01h 10.6h 33.7% min β 3x10-7 s stable 8.784
13 Th-Ra relationship in the 232 Th and 238 U decay series : a 228 β: a 228 β: 613. h 228 Th Ra Ac Th + daugthers : a 224 β: d 220 : s 216 Th Ra Rn Po + daugthers : a 226 : a 222 : 3. 82d 218 Th Ra Rn Po + daughters
14 Continental water: relevant isotopes Alpha-emitter: U-238, U-234 Beta-emitter: Ra-228 (with fast ingrowing Ac-228) Alpha-emitter: Ra-226 (with Rn-222 prognies) Beta-emitter: Pb-210 (with ingrowing Bi-210) Alpha-emitter: Po-210
15 Schematic view of radioactive transformation 226 Ra (1600 y) 0.0 Z = 88 Z = γ Rn (3.82 d) 2 (4.5 %) 1 (95.5 %) Ra Rn+ He
16 relevant isotopes in continental water and their measurement methods at PSI radionuclide analytical technique 234 U, ( 235 U), 238 U U/TEVA separation, electrodeposition, -spectrometry 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 210 Pb filtration (RadDisc), OptiPhase Hisafe3 cocktail, LSC 210 Po spontaneous deposition on silver disc, -spectrometry
17 Relationship parent / daughter parent isotope half-life parent ingrowing daughter half-life daughter 210 Pb (β) 22.3 years 210 Bi (β) 6.02 days 226 Ra () 1602 years 222 Rn () 3.82 days 228 Ra (β) 5.76 years 228 Ac (β) 6.13 hours
18 Method implementation: low level determination of 210 Pb, 226 Ra+ 228 Ra in drinking water Filtration of the sample (2 liter) through 3 Empore RadDisc (Mn-oxide impregnated) membrane filters Elution of Pb with Diammonium Hydrogen Citrate Elution of Ra with alkaline Na-EDTA solution Measuring via LSC with optimized /βdiscrimination
19 Classical two photomultiplier LS electronic set-up
20 Pulse shape /β discrimination 1200 relative intensity beta-pulse alpha-pulse pulse decay time [ns]
21 Spill-over /β determination spillover [%] β in in β discriminator setting [ns]
22 The triple coincidence to double coincidence ratio (TDCR) counting technique PM R SAMPLE PM S PM T
23 Pulse Length Index (PLI) discrimination with HIDEX SL
24 -spectrum of 226 Ra with ingrowing daughters 2 h and 8 h after separation using HIDEX 300 SL LSC 140 Alpha
25 -spectrum of 226 Ra with ingrowing daughters obtained 6 days after separation 160 Alpha
26 β-spectrum of 214 Bi/ 214 Pb obtained 6 days after separation ( 226 Ra/ 222 Rn decay series products) 35 Beta
27 β-spectrum of 228 Ra with ingrowing 228 Ac 1 h and 8 h after separation using HIDEX 300 SL LSC 50 Beta
28 TDCR vs. Efficiency using high purity radionuclide standard solutions Pb Ra TDCR Ra TDCR = efficiency efficiency
29 long lived mother short lived daughter relationship λy A t A e xt yt y ( ) = x ( 0) ( e ) + Ay ( 0) e λ λ y λy λ Ay t Ax e x t λ e y t ( ) = ( 0) ( ) λ λ λ x λy << λy 1 λ λ y y x x x λ λ λyt A y ( t) = A x (0) (1 e λ t y )
30 LS-spectrum interference correction R Ac 228 r ε = ε A B Ac A B 228, cor ( Ra) rn, m RAc 228 rn ( Ac) A n = A Ra 228 = r ( 228 n, cor A ε Ra 228 Ra) A Ac B rn ( 228 = ε 228 Ac) B Ac 228
31 Comparison of measured 228 Ra and 228 Ac activities with calculated decay/ingrowth curves relative activity Ac ingrowth curve 228 Ra decay curve 228 Ac: measured data 228 Ra: measured data time after separation [h]
32 Comparison of measured 226 Ra and the progeny isotopes 222 Rn, 218 Po and 214 Po with calculated decay/ingrowth curves relative activity Rn+ 218 Po+ 214 Po ingrowth curve 226 Ra: measured data 222 Rn+ 218 Po+ 214 Po: measured data 226 Ra decay curve time after separation [d]
33 Comparison of measured 210 Pb and 210 Bi activities with calculated decay/ingrowth curves Pb decay curve relative activity Pb: measured data 210 Bi: measured data 210 Bi ingrowth curve time after separation [d]
34 Minimizing the interferences: 210 Pb 210 Pb: start counting not before 3 hours after separation because 226 Ra unsupported progeny products (i.e. 214 Pb/ 214 Po) have to decay prior to the measurement (βspectrum interferences)
35 Minimizing the interferences: 226 Ra 226 Ra: 224 Ra [(t 1/2 ) = 3.66 days] and its short lived progeny products should have been decayed prior to measurement, i.e. the sampled water should set aside for about 10 days before radiochemical separation (support from 228 Th has to be checked!). The same holds for 210 Pb (interference with 10 h half live decaying pure β-decaying 212 Pb)
36 Minimizing the interferences: 228 Ra The samples should be measured during the first 24 hours after chemical separation, i.e. when the ingrowth of the 226 Ra/ 222 Rn couple decay products (i.e. 214 Pb, 214 Bi) is not of large concern. These isotopes interfere strongly with the β-spectrum of 228 Ac, which has to be taken to correct the low energy spectrum of 228 Ra
37 lower limit of detection [mbq / L] = k1 ε V 2 * 0 A r s t m 228 Ra 210 Pb 226 Ra counting time [h]
38 LSC detection limits, 2 l aliquot, quantitative adsorption on RadDisc filter, counting time 6 h Ra-226: 3 mbq/liter Ra-228: 20 mbq/liter Pb-210: 15 mbq/liter
39 Field study: use of Ra-isotopes as natural tracers: isotopic signatures for determining mixing between waters from different source regions Nancy N Strasbourg Stuttgart Séléstat VOSGES Mulhouse Ill Colmar Rhine BLACK FOREST Belfort Basel Rhine France JURA Aare Zürich
40 Calculating mixing/exchange between river and ground water using 228 Ra/ 226 Ra and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (atomic ratio) Strengbach river (pure granitic) other Vosges rivers (mainly granitic) river Ill and tributaries Rhine Valley groundwater river Rhine 27/2 27/ Ra/ 226 Ra (activity ratio)
41 C m M m PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT TDCR blank correction For linear systems the general mass balance equation holds for mixtures of two components M 1 and M 2 with the concentrations C 1 und C 2 = C 1 M1 + C2 M 2 This relationship can be directly transferred to TDCR-measurements, i.e. the true or net-tdcr (TDCR n ) value has to be obtained via the brut-tdcr ( mixture ) (TDCR b ) and the TDCR-result of a blanc measurement (TDCR 0 ). r b with: with TDCR r It follows: b r n = b r = b TDCR b n r n r 0 = For pure β-emitter holds: A rn = ε = TDCR It results for the activity calculation n + r 0 TDCR 0 ( rb r0 ) TDCRn + r0 TDCR0 TDCRn ε n rb r0 ε n rb A = r TDCR b ( r ) b TDCR 0 r 0 2 n = r b TDCR b TDCR r b b r r 0 0 TDCR 0
42 Simultaneous determination of 241 Pu (βemitter) and 238 Pu, 239 Pu+ 240 Pu (emitter) in nuclear materials Application of extraction chromatography: adsorption onto BioRad 1X2 anion exchange resin Elution of the Pu-fraction using a HI/HCl acidic reduction solution Electrodeposition onto a stainless steel planchet, - spectrometric measurement Dissolution from the sample planchet, cocktail preparation /β-measurement via LSC
43 241 Am 243 Am 236 Pu 238 Pu 239 Pu 433 a Pu 241 Pu 7370 a Pu 2.8 a a a a 5.2 β 14.4 a a 4.9
44 Actinide analysis: 1-X2 / DGA sample solution separation + 3 MHNO 3 + yield spike isotopes + Na-nitrite: [Pu4+] + ascorbic acid [Fe2+] NO H + + e - = NO + H2 O Pu 3+ = Pu 4+ + e - 1-X2 resin Plutonium 9 M HCl 3 M HNO 3 5 M HCl Thorium 0.01 M HI + 9 M HCl U, Am, Cm DGA resin 2 M HNO 3 discard 0.25 M HNO M HCl Americium, Curium Uranium
45 redox reactions and equilibria reduction of Pu(vi) to Pu(iii) Pu + 2e 2Pu 2I I + 2e I + 2Pu I2 + 2Pu
46 -spectrum of U, Pu and Am (blue sample isotopes to be analyzed; red added spike isotopes) Am 241 Am 238 U 236 U 234 U 239 Pu 236 Pu 300 Impulse/Kanal Energie []
47 a/b-lsc with optimized /β separation (pulse index and energy), -spill in β < 1%, β-spill in < 0.1% 241 Pu β 238, 239, 240, 242 Pu
48 Conclusions TDCR measurement of non or weakly quenched samples yield sufficiently precise results for radionuclide analysis in the frame of decommissioning projects. Environmental application: LSC with optimized alpha/beta separation is a powerful tool to determine almost pure - emitting 226 Ra besides weak β-emitting 228 Ra Determination of Pu-isotopes in materials from the nuclear fuel cycle: optimized /β-separation yields precise results for measurement of pure beta emitting 241 Pu
49 Thank you for your attention
Geochemical dating of a Swiss freshwater limestone cave using 230 Th/ 234 U ingrow and 226 Ra-excess decay chronometry
Geochemical dating of a Swiss freshwater limestone cave using Th/ 234 U ingrow and Ra-excess decay chronometry Jost Eikenberg, Maya Jäggi Division for Radiation Protection and Safety Paul Scherrer Institute,
More informationLSC for Quality Control of 99m TC Eluate from 99 Mo- 99m Tc Generator
LSC2017 Conference 1-5th May, 2017, Copenhagen LSC for Quality Control of 99m TC Eluate from 99 Mo- 99m Tc Generator Xiaolin Hou Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nuclear Technologies Roskilde,
More informationLIQUID SCINTILLATION
LIQUID SCINTILLATION - MEASURING PROCEDURES, NEW DEVELOPMENTS - DGFS e.v. German Society for Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 2015 Karlsruhe MOEBIUS Siegurd ERAT Stephan
More informationRADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION Laboratory Procedures
RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION Laboratory Procedures LORNA JEAN H. PALAD Health Physics Research Unit Philippine Nuclear Research Institute Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon city Philippines 3-7 December 2007
More informationDetermination of 210 Pb and 210 Po in Water Samples
1 Determination of 210 Pb and 210 Po in Water Samples Marin Ayranov 1, Zornitza Tosheva 2, Antoine Kies 2 1 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, 72 Tzarigradsko chaussee, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
More informationDetermination of H-3 and C-14 in the frame of decommissioning projects at the Paul Scherrer Institute
Determination of H-3 and C-14 in the frame of decommissioning projects at the Paul Scherrer Institute Jost Eikenberg, Maya Jäggi, Max Rüthi Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland Content
More informationURANIUM IN SOIL. Analytical Procedure (2 GRAM SAMPLE) 1. SCOPE
Analytical Procedure URANIUM IN SOIL (2 GRAM SAMPLE) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a procedure for the separation of uranium from 2 gram soil samples. After separation of uranium with this method, source preparation
More informationTHORIUM, PLUTONIUM, AND URANIUM IN WATER
Analytical Procedure THORIUM, PLUTONIUM, AND URANIUM IN WATER 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a method for the separation of thorium, plutonium and uranium in water. After completing this method, source preparation
More informationUnderstanding the contribution of naturally occurring radionuclides to the measured radioactivity in AWE Environmental Samples
Understanding the contribution of naturally occurring radionuclides to the measured radioactivity in AWE Environmental Samples Dr Jonathan Burnett ASc Analytical Sciences PhD Supervisors Dr Richard Greenwood
More informationContact Person(s) : Anna Berne APPLICATION
Se-03 AMERICIUM, PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN WATER Contact Person(s) : Anna Berne APPLICATION This procedure describes a method for the separation and measurement of americium, plutonium and uranium in water
More informationRapid Methods for the Determination of Sr-90 in Steel and Concrete Samples
Rapid Methods for the Determination of Sr-90 in Steel and Concrete Samples Sherrod L. Maxwell Senior Fellow Scientist LSC 2017 May 2, 2017 Coauthor: Dr. Ralf Sudowe, Colorado State University Rapid Radiochemical
More informationGross alpha and beta measurements by LSC in waters: advantages, problems and limitations. Maurizio Forte Arpa Lombardia
Gross alpha and beta measurements by LSC in waters: advantages, problems and limitations Maurizio Forte Arpa Lombardia Gross α/β by LSC in waters: quick and effective screening method, widely used in monitoring
More informationISO Water quality Strontium 90 and strontium 89 Test methods using liquid scintillation counting or proportional counting
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13160 First edition 2012-07-15 Water quality Strontium 90 and strontium 89 Test methods using liquid scintillation counting or proportional counting Qualité de l eau Strontium
More informationSEQUENTIAL DETERMINATION OF AMERICIUM, PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN LIQUID EFFLUENTS FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, Vol. 75, Iss. 3, 2013 ISSN 2286-3540 SEQUENTIAL DETERMINATION OF AMERICIUM, PLUTONIUM AND URANIUM IN LIQUID EFFLUENTS FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Ruxandra TOMA 1, Cristian DULAMA
More informationApplication Note. Abstract. Introduction. Experimental
Application Note Alpha/Beta ABA-004 Quantitation of Transuranium Elements in High Activity Waste (HAW) Using Alpha/Beta Liquid Scintillation Counting and Extractive Scintillators by Jim Floeckher Abstract
More informationenable measurement. This method separates these isotopes effectively.
Analytical Procedure URANIUM IN WATER 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a method for the separation and measurement of uranium in water. After completing this method, source preparation for measurement of uranium
More informationDetection of 222 Rn and 226 Ra in environmental samples by scintillation method
Detection of Rn and 226 Ra in environmental samples by scintillation method J.L.R. Zafimanjato Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires P.O.Box 4279, e-mail: instn@moov.mg, Antananarivo,
More informationLIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTERS. {Beta Counters}
LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTERS {Beta Counters} We offer a range of Alpha, Beta & Gama counters, from Hidex Oy, Finland to meet your specific Liquid Scintillation counting requirements. Triathler LSC Sense
More information1 Radionuclides and their Radiometric Measurement
j1 1 Radionuclides and their Radiometric Measurement 1.1 Radionuclides The first radioactive elements radium and polonium were discovered by Marie Curie at the end of the nineteenth century. During the
More informationURANIUM AND THORIUM-ISOTOPES RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF NORM SAMPLES BY ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY
URANIUM AND THORIUM-ISOTOPES RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF NORM SAMPLES BY ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY N Ú R I A C AS A C U B E R TA J. M A N T E R O, M. L E H R I TA N I, J. G A R C I A - O R
More informationDETERMINATION OF BETA EMITTERS IN MATERIALS FROM RESEARCH REACTOR DECOMISSIONING
DETERMINATION OF BETA EMITTERS IN MATERIALS FROM RESEARCH REACTOR DECOMISSIONING Andreas Vesely 1 Herbert Trombitas Helmut Lindauer Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. ABSTRACT.
More informationRapid Determination of Ra-226 in Environmental Samples
Rapid Determination of Ra-226 in Environmental Samples S. L. Maxwell, B.K. Culligan, and P. J. Shaw Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken, SC November 3, 2011 57th Radiobioassay and Radiochemical Measurements
More informationWisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene Radiochemistry Unit Lynn West
1.0 Introduction Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene Radiochemistry Unit Lynn West This document will describe the types of methods approved to analyze uranium in groundwater and the effects of converting
More informationTECHNETIUM-99 IN WATER
Analytical Procedure TECHNETIUM-99 IN WATER (TEVA DISC METHOD) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This procedure describes a method to separate and measure technetium-99 in water. 1.2. This method does not address all aspects
More informationNuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH
Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH Use of Cerenkov Counting for the Determination of 90 Sr in a Radwaste Treatment Facility Andreas Vesely Herbert Trombitas Helmut Lindauer LSC 2010 1 NES as Part of
More informationAMERICIUM, NEPTUNIUM, PLUTONIUM, THORIUM, CURIUM, URANIUM, AND STRONTIUM IN WATER
Analytical Procedure AMERICIUM, NEPTUNIUM, PLUTONIUM, THORIUM, CURIUM, URANIUM, AND STRONTIUM IN WATER (WITH VACUUM BOX SYSTEM) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a method for the separation and measurement of americium,
More informationRapid Analytical Methods for Determination of Actinides
Rapid Analytical Methods for Determination of Actinides Xiongxin Dai Chalk River Laboratories Dosimetry Services Branch Atomic Energy of Canada Limited November 17, 2009 NKS-B RadWorkshop Risø-DTU, Roskidle,
More informationFundamentals of Radionuclide Metrology
Fundamentals of Radionuclide Metrology Brian E. Zimmerman, PhD Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD USA SIM Metrology Workshop Buenos Aires, Argentina
More informationVALIDATION OF AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION AND MEASUREMENT OF Pb-210 AND Po-210
VALIDATION OF AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION AND MEASUREMENT OF Pb-210 AND Po-210 A. BOMBARD a, M. LE BERRE b, L. JOHANSSON c, S. HAPPEL a a Eichrom Environment b Eichrom Europe c Zentrum für Strahlenschutz
More informationA Rapid Procedure for Screening Transuranium Nuclides in Urine Using Actinide Resin and Low
application Note A Rapid Procedure for Screening Transuranium Nuclides in Urine Using Actinide Resin and Low Level a/b-lsc Liquid Scintillation Counting Authors J. Eikenberg, I. Zumsteg, M. Rüthi S. Bajo,
More informationTECHNETIUM-99 IN SOIL
Analytical Procedure TECHNETIUM-99 IN SOIL 1. SCOPE 1.1. This procedure describes a method to separate and measure technetium-99 in soil. 1.2. This method does not address all aspects of safety, quality
More informationA Rapid Method for Determination of Uranium, Americium, Plutonium and Thorium in Soils Samples. Serdeiro, N.H. and Marabini, S.
A Rapid Method for Determination of Uranium, Americium, Plutonium and Thorium in Soils Samples Serdeiro, N.H. and Marabini, S. Presentado en: 11 th International Congress on the International Radiation
More informationHidex 300 SL Automatic TDCR Liquid Scintillation Counter
Hidex 300 SL Automatic TDCR Liquid Scintillation Counter The new dimension of versatility Our mission is to help your lab become more effective and make your work a pleasure by providing user-friendly
More informationRapid Separations. Activity Radioactive Solutions. Lawrence Jassin Eichrom Technologies LLC March 3, 2008 Pittcon 2008
Rapid Separations for Environmental Level and High Activity Radioactive Solutions Lawrence Jassin Eichrom Technologies LLC March 3, 2008 Pittcon 2008 New Orleans, LA Outline Introduction to Extraction
More informationRadium isotope systematics in nature: applications in geochronology and hydrogeochemistry
Research Collection Habilitation Thesis Radium isotope systematics in nature: applications in geochronology and hydrogeochemistry Author(s): Eikenberg, Jost Publication Date: 2002 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004444917
More informationCh : Electrochemistry and Radiochemistry AP Review Questions
Ch. 17-21: Electrochemistry and Radiochemistry AP Review Questions Radioactivity: Zone of Stability All nuclides with 84 or more protons are unstable (radioactive). Light elements like the neutron to proton
More informationMETHOD TEST METHODS FOR MEASURING RADIONUCLIDE EMISSION FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
METHOD 114 - TEST METHODS FOR MEASURING RADIONUCLIDE EMISSION FROM STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Purpose and Background. This method provides the requirements for: (1) Stack monitoring and sample collection methods
More informationAnalysis of High Fired Plutonium Oxide and Other Actinides in MAPEP Soil Samples
Radiobioassay and Radiochemical Measurements Conference Iowa City, Iowa October 25 30, 2015 Analysis of High Fired Plutonium Oxide and Other Actinides in MAPEP Soil Samples George Tabatadze, Elizabeth
More informationTHE CHART OF NUCLIDES
THE CHART OF NUCLIDES LAB NR 10 INTRODUCTION The term nuclide refers to an atom or nucleus as characterized by the number of protons (Z) and neutrons (N) that the nucleus contains. A chart of nuclides
More informationDevelopment of radiochemical analysis strategies for decommissioning activities. Dr. Daniel Zapata-García Environmental radioactivity laboratory, PTB
Development of radiochemical analysis strategies for decommissioning activities Dr. Daniel Zapata-García Environmental radioactivity laboratory, PTB OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION EMRP Project: MetroDECOM Aim
More informationChemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry
Chemistry Unit 5 Exam Study Guide Nuclear Chemistry Define the following vocabulary terms: Radioactivity Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Transmutation Half-life Nuclear Decay Nuclear Fission
More informationAcronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Foreword to the First Edition Foreword to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second
Contributors p. xxix Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols p. xxxi Foreword to the First Edition p. xliii Foreword to the Second Edition p. xlv Preface to the First Edition p. xlvii Preface to the Second
More informationThe TDCR method in LSC. P. Cassette Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel CEA/LNE, France
The TDCR method in LSC P. Cassette Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel CEA/LNE, France LIQUID SCINTILLATION USERS FORUM 2009 Summary I. Some information on LSC II. LSC in metrology: the free parameter
More informationProcedure for determining thorium isotopes in wastewater by an extractionchromatographic
Procedure for determining thorium isotopes in wastewater by an extractionchromatographic procedure H-Th-WSS-01 uthors: M. Beyermann D. Obrikat Federal coordinating office for drinking water, groundwater,
More informationJúlio Takehiro Marumo. Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN CNEN/SP, Brazil
Júlio Takehiro Marumo Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN CNEN/SP, Brazil Introduction Brazil State of São Paulo City of São Paulo Reactor IEA-R1 Source: http://www.relevobr.cnpm.embrapa.br Source:
More informationDetermination of plutonium isotopes in spent nuclear fuel using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TI-MS) and alpha spectrometry
Determination of plutonium isotopes in spent nuclear fuel using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TI-MS) and alpha spectrometry Petre M.G., Mincu M., Lazăr C., Androne G., Benga A. HOTLAB 2016, October
More informationCOMBINED PROCEDURE USING RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION OF PLUTONIUM, AMERICIUM AND URANIUM RADIONUCLIDES FOR ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY
2009 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2009 Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil, September27 to October 2, 2009 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-03-8 COMBINED PROCEDURE
More informationA Brief Overview of Radiation and Analytical Water Testing for Radiological Contaminants.
A Brief Overview of Radiation and Analytical Water Testing for Radiological Contaminants. James Henitz Radioanalytical Services NJ Water Monitoring Council: January 24, 2018 Overview of Presentation What
More informationRapid Detection of Americium-241 in Food by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Rapid Detection of Americium-241 in Food by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Zhichao Lin, Kathryn Emanuele, Stephanie Healey, and Patrick Regan Analytical Branch Winchester Engineering and
More informationChemistry 52 Chapter 11 ATOMIC STRUCTURE. The general designation for an atom is shown below:
ATOMIC STRUCTURE An atom is composed of a positive nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons in a nucleus are referred
More informationDetectors for the measurement of ionizing radiation
For the measurement of radiation, the following reactions during the irradiation of matter are predominantly utilized: Ionization in gases (Ionization chamber, proportional flow counter, release counter)
More informationCL Resin based methods for the separation and determination of Cl-36 and I-129 in environmental and decommissioning samples
CL Resin based methods for the separation and determination of Cl-36 and I-129 in environmental and decommissioning samples Outline Scope Resin characterization Method optimization Spiked samples Summary
More informationNuclear Chemistry Notes
Nuclear Chemistry Notes Definitions Nucleons: Subatomic particles in the nucleus : protons and neutrons Radionuclides: Radioactive nuclei. Unstable nuclei that spontaneously emit particles and electromagnetic
More informationSOURCES of RADIOACTIVITY
Section 9: SOURCES of RADIOACTIVITY This section briefly describes various sources of radioactive nuclei, both naturally occurring and those produced artificially (man-made) in, for example, reactors or
More informationScience 10. Unit 4:Physics. Block: Name: Book 3: radioactivty
Science 10 Unit 4:Physics Book 3: radioactivty Name: Block: 1 5.1 : Radioactivity & Nuclear Equations Isotopes are versions of an element with the same but Because the number of protons is the same for,
More informationNuclear Physics. AP Physics B
Nuclear Physics AP Physics B Nuclear Physics - Radioactivity Before we begin to discuss the specifics of radioactive decay we need to be certain you understand the proper NOTATION that is used. To the
More informationGeneral, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity. 2.1 Multiple-Choice
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3e (Frost) Chapter 2 Atoms and Radioactivity 2.1 Multiple-Choice 1) The smallest particle of an element that can be identified as that element is: A) a proton
More informationOn the determination of 228Ra, 210Po, 234U and 238U in mineral waters. Mirela Vasile (Creţu) and Ljudmila Benedik
On the determination of 228Ra, 210Po, 234U and 238U in mineral waters Mirela Vasile (Creţu) and Ljudmila Benedik EUR 23683 EN - 2008 The mission of the IRMM is to promote a common and reliable European
More informationEichrom Technologies, Inc. Analytical Procedures Rev. 1.5 February 10, 2005 Page 1 of 9
February 10, 2005 Page 1 of 9 Uranium in soil (2 grams sample). 1. Scope 1.1. This procedure describes a method for separation and measurement of uranium in soil samples. 2. Summary of Method 2.1 Uranium
More informationRa ANALYSES ON SAVANNAH RIVER SITE HIGH ACTIVITY WASTE TANK RESIDUES
226 Ra ANALYSES ON SAVANNAH RIVER SITE HIGH ACTIVITY WASTE TANK RESIDUES D. DiPrete, C. DiPrete, C. Coleman, M. Hay, S. Reboul, T. Aucott 61st Annual Radiobioassay & Radiochemical Measurements Conference
More informationPage 17a. Objective: We will identify different types of radioactive decay. Warm-up:
Page 17a Objective: We will identify different types of radioactive decay. Warm-up: What are the three subatomic particles? Where is each particle located in the atom? What is an isotope? Page 17a (again)
More informationDETERMINATION OF DIFFICULT TO MEASURE RADIONUCLIDES IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WASTES PhD thesis. Author: Szabolcs Osváth. Supervisor: Nóra Vajda
DETERMINATION OF DIFFICULT TO MEASURE RADIONUCLIDES IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WASTES PhD thesis Author: Szabolcs Osváth Supervisor: Nóra Vajda BUTE INT 2012 Context of research The majority of long-lived
More information1.1. This is a method for the separation and measurement of 228 Ra in water via its beta emitting 228 Ac daughter.
Analytical Procedure RADIUM-228 IN WATER (WITH VACUUM BOX SYSTEM) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a method for the separation and measurement of 228 Ra in water via its beta emitting 228 Ac daughter. 1.2. This method
More informationDETERMINING FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF A SINGLE-PHOTOTUBE LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER
DETERMINING FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF A SINGLE-PHOTOTUBE LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER Pall Theodórsson Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, IS-107 Reykjavík, Iceland. Email: pth@raunvis.hi.is.
More informationUltratrace analysis of radionuclides by AMS
Ultratrace analysis of radionuclides by AMS Francesca Quinto Contact information: francesca.quinto@kit.edu Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Please insert a figure in the master transparency. KIT University
More informationBasics of a/b Discrimination for Liquid Scintillation Counting
application Note Liquid Scintillation Basics of a/b Discrimination for Liquid Scintillation Counting Author Ronald Edler, PhD and Chuck Passo PerkinElmer, Inc. 940 Winter Street Waltham, MA USA Introduction
More informationand their Use in Food Methods
Extraction Chromatography Resins and their Use in Food Methods Lawrence Jassin and Terence O Brien Winchester Engineering i and Analytical l Center (WEAC) July 15 th, 2010 Variety is the spice of life
More informationLow Background NAA: A powerful tool for Physics of Rare Experiments and Environmental Sciences
UNIMIB - Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca UNIPV- LENA UNIMIB-DISAT Low Background NAA: A powerful tool for Physics of Rare Experiments and Environmental Sciences Massimiliano
More informationIt s better to have a half-life than no life! Radioactive Decay Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay
It s better to have a half-life than no life! Radioactive Decay Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay What does it mean to be radioactive? Some atoms have nuclei that are unstable. These atoms spontaneously decompose
More informationRadionuclides in food and water. Dr. Ljudmila Benedik
Radionuclides in food and water Dr. Ljudmila Benedik ISO-FOOD WP 3 and WP4 WP 3 Research and education P1 Food authenticity P2 Translation of regional isotopic and elemental signatures from natural environment
More informationAutomation of the radiochemical procedures for the sequential separation of radionuclides
LSC2017 - An International Conference on Advances in Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry, Copenhagen Denmark, 1 5 May 2017 Automation of the radiochemical procedures for the sequential separation of radionuclides
More informationScience and Technology. Solutions, Separation Techniques, and the PUREX Process for Reprocessing Nuclear Waste
Science and Technology Solutions, Separation Techniques, and the PUREX Process for Reprocessing Nuclear Waste Spent Fuel Rods General Accounting Office Fission products that emit beta and gamma radiation
More informationRivelazione di neutrini solari - Borexino Lino Miramonti 6 Giugno 2006 Gran Sasso
Rivelazione di neutrini solari - Borexino Lino Miramonti 6 Giugno 2006 Gran Sasso 1 RADIOCHEMICAL Integrated in energy and time CHERENKOV Less than 0.01% of the solar neutrino flux is been measured in
More informationSource:
Glossary Activity - The rate of disintegration (transformation) or decay of radioactive material. The units of activity are the curie (Ci) and the becquerel (Bq). Source: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part020/part020-1003.html
More informationSAFETY NOTE: Before beginning this procedure, read all of the Material Safety Data Sheets for the chemicals listed in Section 5 of this procedure.
USTUR 300: ANION EXCHANGE ISOLATION OF AMERICIUM FROM PREPARED TISSUE SOLUTIONS Purpose Anion exchange for 241 Am Method Number USTUR 300 Original Date 10/10/95 Author Radiochemistry Staff Revision Number
More informationRadioactivity and Balancing Nuclear Reactions: Balancing Nuclear Reactions and Understanding which Particles are Involves
General Chemistry II Jasperse Nuclear Chemistry. Extra Practice Problems Radioactivity and Balancing Nuclear Reactions: Balancing Nuclear Reactions and Understanding which Particles are Involved he Stability
More informationGross Alpha-Gross Beta Analysis in Water by Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC)
Gross Alpha-Gross Beta Analysis in Water by Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) Bob Read, Ph.D. Director, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Tennessee Department of Health Division of Laboratory Services
More informationThe transport of close-in fallout plutonium in the Northwest Pacific Ocean : Tracing the water mass movement using 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio
The transport of close-in fallout plutonium in the Northwest Pacific Ocean : Tracing the water mass movement using 240 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio Sang-Han Lee 1, *, Gi-Hoon Hong 2, Moon-Sik Suk 2, Janine Gastaud
More informationPart 1: Water quality Radium-226. Test method using liquid scintillation counting
Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13165-1 First edition 2013-04-15 Water quality Radium-226 Part 1: Test method using liquid scintillation counting Qualité de l eau Radium 226 Partie
More informationTECHNETIUM-99 IN WATER
Analytical Procedure TECHNETIUM-99 IN WATER (WITH VACUUM BOX SYSTEM) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This procedure describes a method to separate and measure technetium-99 in water. 1.2. This method does not address all
More informationJukka Lehto and Xiaolin Hou Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides
Jukka Lehto and Xiaolin Hou Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides Laboratory Techniques and Methodology Jukka Lehto and Xiaolin Hou Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides Related Titles Lambert, J.
More informationTDCR in a nutshell. P. Cassette, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, France
TDCR in a nutshell P. Cassette, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, France Summary LSC in radionuclide metrology, free parameter model The TDCR model Examples of relations between efficiency and TDCR
More informationHidex LSCs. LSC 2013 Barcelona
4.9.2013 1 4.9.2013 2 Hidex LSCs LSC 2013 Barcelona On Sunday March 24th Hidex is celebrating 20 years in the liquid scintillation counting community. Method to validate beef needed? Contents Hidex 300
More informationRadiochemistry and Compliance Assessment of LLW The Waste Quality Checking Laboratory (WQCL) Chris Dale AMEC Nuclear UK Limited UKAEA Winfrith
Radiochemistry and Compliance Assessment of LLW The Waste Quality Checking Laboratory (WQCL) Chris Dale AMEC Nuclear UK Limited UKAEA Winfrith Overview of Presentation The Role of the Laboratory Facility
More informationD) g. 2. In which pair do the particles have approximately the same mass?
1. A student constructs a model for comparing the masses of subatomic particles. The student selects a small, metal sphere with a mass of gram to represent an electron. A sphere with which mass would be
More informationSequential Isotopic Determination of Plutonium, Thorium, Americium, Uranium, and Strontium in Air-Filter Sample
ID 157 Sequential Isotopic Determination of Plutonium, Thorium, Americium, Uranium, and Strontium in Air-Filter Sample *Jeng-Jong Wang, Ing-Jane Chen, and Jih-Hung Chiu Institute of Nuclear Energy Research,
More informationPu and Np-237 in seawater samples Version /03/14. Summary
Pu and Np-237 in seawater samples Version 1.0 03/03/14 Summary 1 Scope... 2 2 Summary of Method... 2 3 Significance of Use... 2 4 Interferences... 2 5 Apparatus... 3 6 Reagents... 4 7 Procedure... 6 7.1
More informationLiquid Scintillation for NORM in the Oil and Gas Industry
Liquid Scintillation for NORM in the Oil and Gas Industry Siegurd Moebius a*, Rolf Moebius b, Martin Bartenbach b, Tiana Ramamonjisoa c a FTU, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640,
More informationMatrix and High Loading Effects on Eichrom Resins. Dan McAlister and Phil Horwitz Eichrom Workshop October 31, 2012
Matrix and High Loading Effects on Eichrom Resins Dan McAlister and Phil Horwitz Eichrom Workshop October 31, 2012 Examples of High Salt Matrices Sea Water (35 g/l, NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 ) Urine
More informationThe Concentration of Radioactive Materials in Mine Water
An Interdisciplinary Response to Mine Water Challenges - Sui, Sun & Wang (eds) 2014 China University of Mining and Technology Press, Xuzhou, ISBN 978-7-5646-2437-8 The Concentration of Radioactive Materials
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Terminology
Nuclear Chemistry Up to now, we have been concerned mainly with the electrons in the elements the nucleus has just been a positively charged things that attracts electrons The nucleus may also undergo
More informationMethod Number USTUR 510
USTUR 510: ELECTRODEPOSITION OF AMERICIUM, PLUTONIUM, THORIUM, AND URANIUM Purpose Electrodeposition of americium, plutonium, uranium, and thorium Method Number USTUR 510 Original Date 12/17/96 Author
More informationAtomic Notation (or Nuclear Symbol): Shorthand for keeping track of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Name Section CHM52LL: Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactivity, Decay, Dating, and Other Hazards There is no prelab assignment this week I. Radioactive Isotopes and Nuclear Equations Atoms are composed of three
More informationActinides in Human Urine by Alpha Pulse Height Analysis (PHA)
Actinides in Human Urine by Alpha Pulse Height Analysis (PHA) Brian K. Culligan Fellow Scientist April 20, 2012 Health Physics Society Meeting Aiken SC SRNS-L4600-2012-00040 1 Outline Basic Principals
More informationNuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4
Nuclear Reactions Homework Unit 13 - Topic 4 Use the laws of conservation of mass number and charge to determine the identity of X in the equations below. Refer to a periodic table as needed. 222 a. Rn
More informationRadioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Extra credit: chapter 7 in Bryson See online (link fixed) or moodle Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic nucleus Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical
More informationNEW DEVELOPMENTS OF AUTORADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE ALPHA AND BETA MEASUREMENTS FOR DECOMMISSIONING FACILITIES
NEW DEVELOPMENTS OF AUTORADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE ALPHA AND BETA MEASUREMENTS FOR DECOMMISSIONING FACILITIES PASCAL FICHET, C MOUGEL, Y DESNOYERS, P SARDINI, H WORD DEN SERVICE D ETUDES ANALYTIQUES
More informationNOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
NOTES: 25.2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay Why does the nucleus stay together? STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Short range, attractive force that acts among nuclear particles Nuclear particles attract one
More informationda u g ht er + radiation
RADIOACTIVITY The discovery of radioactivity can be attributed to several scientists. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and shortly after that Henri Becquerel observed radioactive behavior while
More informationChapter 12: Chemistry of Solutions
CHEM 1412 LECTURE OUTLINE - Smr II 2017 - Ch 12-20 General Chemistry II (Chem 1412/LSC - Tomball) Chapter 12: Chemistry of Solutions I. Types of Solutions A. Definition of Solutions B. Components of A
More information