1. (a) The propane gas in the tank is used as a fuel in the factory. The equation for its combustion is:
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1 Enthalpy 1. (a) The propane gas in the tank is used as a fuel in the factory. The equation for its combustion is: C 3 H 8 (g) + 5O 2 (g) 3CO 2 (g) + 4H 2 O(l) H = 2220 kj mol 1 Calculate the amount of heat energy, in kj, produced during the combustion of 30.0 kg of propane gas. (b) (i) Explain what is meant by the term average bond enthalpy. (ii) Use the average bond enthalpy data below to calculate a value for the molar enthalpy change for the following reaction. C 3 H 8 (g) + 5O 2 (g) 3CO 2 (g) + 4H 2 O (g) Bond C C C H O=O C=O H O Average bond enthalpy/kj mol
2 (iii) The value obtained in (b)(ii) is different from the standard molar enthalpy change of combustion of propane gas given in (a). State two reasons for this. (Total 10 marks) 2. (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of formation, H f ο (b) Use the data in the table to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid methylbenzene, C 7 H 8 Substance C(s) H 2 (g) C 7 H 8 (l) Standard enthalpy of combustion, H ο c /kj mol C(s) + 4H 2 (g) C 7 H 8 (l)
3 (c) An experiment was carried out to determine a value for the enthalpy of combustion of liquid methylbenzene using the apparatus shown in the diagram. container water (250g) methylbenzene Burning 2.5 g of methylbenzene caused the temperature of 250 g of water to rise by 60 C. Use this information to calculate a value for the enthalpy of combustion of methylbenzene, C 7 H 8 (The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K 1 g 1. Ignore the heat capacity of the container.) (4) (d) A 25.0 cm 3 sample of 2.00 mol dm 3 hydrochloric acid was mixed with 50.0 cm 3 of a 1.00 mol dm 3 solution of sodium hydroxide. Both solutions were initially at 18.0 C. After mixing, the temperature of the final solution was 26.5 C. Use this information to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) In your calculation, assume that the density of the final solution is 1.00 g cm 3 and that its specific heat capacity is the same as that of water. (Ignore the heat capacity of the container.) (4)
4 (e) Give one reason why your answer to part (d) has a much smaller experimental error than your answer to part (c). (Total 15 marks) 3. (a) Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion, H c ο (b) Use the mean bond enthalpy data from the table and the equation given below to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy of combustion of propene. All substances are in the gaseous state. Bond C == C C C C H O == O O == C O H Mean bond enthalpy/ kj mol H H H H C C C O O 3 O C O + 3 H O H H H (c) State why the standard enthalpy of formation, H f ο, of oxygen is zero.
5 (d) Use the data from the table below to calculate a more accurate value for the standard enthalpy of combustion of propene. Compound C 3 H 6 (g) CO 2 (g) H 2 O(g) Standard enthalpy of formation, H f ο / kj mol (e) Explain why your answer to part (b) is a less accurate value than your answer to part (d). (Total 12 marks) 4. Below are some standard enthalpy changes including the standard enthalpy of combustion of nitroglycerine, C 3 H 5 N 3 O 9 ½ N 2 (g) + O 2 (g) NO 2 (g) H = +34 kj mol 1 C(s) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) H = 394 kj mol 1 H 2 (g) + ½O 2 (g) H 2 O(g) H = 242 kj mol 1 11 C 3 H 5 N 3 O 9 (l) + 4 O 2 (g) 3CO 2 (g) + 5 H 2 2 O(g) + 3NO 2 (g) H = 1540 kj mol 1 (a) Standard enthalpy of formation is defined using the term standard state.what does the term standard state mean?
6 (b) Use the standard enthalpy changes given above to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of nitroglycerine. (4) (c) Calculate the enthalpy change for the following decomposition of nitroglycerine. C 3 H 5 N 3 O 9 (l) 3CO 2 (g) + 25 H 2 O(g) + 23 N 2 (g) + 41 O 2 (g) (d) Suggest one reason why the reaction in part (c) occurs rather than combustion when a bomb containing nitroglycerine explodes on impact. (e) An alternative reaction for the combustion of hydrogen, leading to liquid water, is given below. H 2 (g) + ½O 2 (g) H 2 O(l) H = 286 kj mol 1 Calculate the enthalpy change for the process H 2 O(l) H 2 O(g) and explain the sign of H in your answer. Calculation... Explanation for sign of H... (Total 12 marks)
7 5. A 50.0 cm 3 sample of a mol dm 3 solution of silver nitrate was placed in a polystyrene beaker. An excess of powdered zinc was added to this solution and the mixture stirred. Zinc nitrate, Zn(NO 3 ) 2, and silver were formed and a rise in temperature of 3.20 C was recorded. (a) Write an equation for the reaction between silver nitrate and zinc.... (b) Calculate the number of moles of silver nitrate used in the experiment (c) Calculate the heat energy evolved by the reaction in this experiment assuming that all the energy evolved is used to heat only the 50.0 g of water in the mixture. (Specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J g 1 K 1 ) (d) Calculate the heat energy change for the reaction per mole of zinc reacted (e) Explain why the experimental value for the heat energy evolved in this experiment is less than the correct value (Total 8 marks)
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Q1.(a) Define the term standard enthalpy of formation, H f ο (3) (b) Use the data in the table to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid methylbenzene, C 7 H 8 Substance C(s) H 2 (g) C
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